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VISIT REPORT

on
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

Dipak Jadhav
Karthik Rathinam
Sagarika Devi
Shweta Arora
Vandana Agarwa

The Treatment Plant


The Treatment Plant for Education and Research (LFKW) is situated west of Stuttgart near the
town of Bsnau and on the edge of the Rot- und Schwarzwildpark Nature Reserve. LFKW is
affiliated with the Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste
Management (ISWA) at the University of Stuttgart and owed to Franz Ppel, the founder to the
Institute. The LFKW is unique because it is today, at least in Europe, the only treatment plant
owned by a university institute.

This sewage treatment plan has been in operation since the 1965. Between 1989 and 1992, it was
gradually extended and rebuilt to properly meet the increased wastewater treatment quality
standards. The catchment area includes the residential area of Lauchhau-Lauchcker next to
Brsnau, the Brenschlssle, and almost the entire University Campus in Vaihingen
Pfappenwaldring. The pollution load, which is supplied to the LFKW, equals that of about
10,000 inhabitants. On average, about 2,000 cubic meters of wastewater is treated daily. The
hydraulic capacity of the plant is 35 liters per second. During high flow events, excess flow is
discharged through a tunnel to Stuttgart. This 2.7 kilometer long tunnel was completed in 1978
and serves as a storm water retention basin. The effluent of the sewage treatment plant is
discharged into the Bandtlesbach, which, after a short distance, flows into the Glems. The
effluent eventually flows from the Glems to the Rhine River via the the Enz und Neckar rivers.

The Concept
The original concept of the entire system, as well as the planning of the individual facilities, is
based on the following demands which must be observed in the course of subsequent renewal
measures of proper treatment of incoming wastewater. The facilities are flexible, so they can be
used for research and development in both technical and semi-industrial scales thus supporting
the practical teaching of the Institute.

Wastewater and Sludge Treatment - State of the Art (Germany)


The wastewater treatment at LFKW is based on state of the art technology with the goal of
eliminating nitrogen and phosphorus compounds (ammonium-N, inorganic-N, and total-P),
particulate waste (filterable substances) and the most extensive oxygen consuming organic
matter, which is measured as Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) or Chemical Oxygen Demand
(COD).The unique design of the LFKW enables the plant to be modified to meet the
considerably increasing demands by changing the flow scheme (Fig:1 & 2) which would not
require a large extension of the plant.

Figure 1: Schematic diagram Waste Water Treatment plant


In the course of wastewater treatment, the following equipment and process steps can be used:

Two underground tanks (each w/ 570 m 3 vol.) located at the inflow of the plant and used
for storm water retention basins or emergency wastewater storage tanks.

Two mechanically cleaned course screens (have a counter-flow rake with 30 mm bar
spacing) to remove course material from the incoming wastewater. The screenings are
collected and the organic and inorganic fractions are separated in a rotary press.

Two fine screens with integrated dewatering of screenings (perforated sieve with 5 mm
holes) to prevent blockage and scum formation in the following processes.

One aerated grit chamber and one vortex grit chamber to separate solids from the
wastewater. The organic and inorganic fractions of the removed solids are then separated
in a Classifier.

Two small basins (each w/ 16 m 3 vol.) with aeration systems that are used today for
storage of sludge water.

One small primary clarifier (51 m 3 vol.) and two large primary clarifiers (each w/ 95
m 3 vol.) used for course sludge treatment and scum removal, or settling of suspended
solids and storage.

One rotating biological contactor (RBC) with a total of 6,000 m 2 of disk surface area for
aerobic biological wastewater treatment with or without nitrification.

One oxidation ditch (116 m 3 vol.) and two rectangular secondary sedimentation tanks
(w/ 30 and 15 m 3 vols.) for biological wastewater treatment with or without specific
nitrogen removal by intermittent denitrification. Aeration and circulation by a mammoth
rotor and agitator.

One funnel-shaped tank (290 m 3 vol.) with a mixer for pre-denitrification. This tank is
where anoxic conditions exist and the nitrate-containing wastewater, which has just
finished mechanical treatment (i.e. screening, primary sedimentation), is mixed with
return sludge and the internal recycle stream of the aeration tank.

One storage and metering station for carbon-containing substances to improve the
upstream denitrification process (13 m 3 storage tank).

Four aeration tanks (each w/ 110 m 3 vol.) arranged in series for nitrification using finebubble aeration from the tank floor. The first tank is equipped with an agitator for
intermittent denitrification.

One indoor storage and dosing tank (7.2 m 3 capacity) for the chemical removal of
phosphorus by precipitation.

Two secondary sedimentation tanks (each w/ 140 m 3 vol. and 55 m 2s.a.) One tank is
divided into a vertical and a horizontal flow part while the other has only horizontal flow.

One vertical flow, funnel-shaped secondary sedimentation tank (290 m 3vol. and 109
m 2 s.a.) to separate activated sludge.

Two indoor micro-screen drums (each w/ 2 m dia. and length covered w/ micro-fabric w/
15 to 20 m openings) in conjunction with upstream flocculants for the further removal
of suspended solids and phosphorus from the secondary sedimentation effluent.

Two fish ponds (w/ 80 and 110 m 3 vols.) for the further treatment of the wastewater
treatment plants effluent.

The resulting sludge from the wastewater treatment is concentrated and then
anaerobically stabilized. The resulting biogas is completely recovered and stored in a gas
tank (100 m 3 usable vol.) for the temporary storage of the biogas before its use for
heating purposes.

Figure 2: Flow Chart of Waste Water Treatment Process


The individual process steps of wastewater and sludge treatment are carefully
controlled. Extensive

measurement

instrumentation,

about

120

processes

are

continuously monitored as well as regular wastewater and sludge analysis in the


laboratory, make the sub-processes transparent and provide the basis for the ongoing
plant optimization through use of control and regulating devices. All measured variables
and operating conditions are monitored, automatically evaluated and documented using
modern process control system.

What differentiates the LFKW from other Sewage Treatment Plants?


All equipment and mechanical processes are doubled with a multi-pronged cleaning system in
the various process steps. The process that operates independently form regular operation and
portions of the main flow stream can be rerouted to different treatment components. This allows

for multiple wastewater treatment schemes to be researched and compared in an industrial scale
without degrading the quality of the final effluent. Therefore, unlike other wastewater treatment
plants, the wastewater of the LFKW is not treated following a rigid treatment scheme, but a
flexible one. The wastewater and sludge pipelines, for the most part, are installed in large
underground access tunnels. In order to provide the unique flexible flow schemes for wastewater
research, a total of over 10 kilometers of pipelines are used.

Conclusion:
The results from more than decades of research in the LFKW have developed and determined the
current state of wastewater and sludge treatment in the Federal Republic of Germany. The
flexible technical configuration of the plant and the continuous availability of different
wastewater and sludge compositions for experiments ensures, even on a small scale, the
customization to new research tasks at any time.

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