RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

BANGALORE, KARNATAKA
ANNEXURE II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR
DISSERTATION
1

NAME OF THE CANDIDATE

GINCY THOMAS

AND ADDRESS

1ST YEAR M.Sc. NURSING

RATHNA COLLEGE OF NURSING,
HASSAN.

NAME OF THE

RATHNA COLLEGE OF NURSING,

INSTITUTION

HASSAN.

COURSE OF THE STUDY

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING,

SUBJECT

MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING

DATE OF ADMISSION TO

15/07/2013

THE COURSE
5.

TITLE OF THE TOPIC

EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO ASSISTED

TEACHING (VAT) ON KNOWLEDGE
REGARDING PREVENTION AND
MANAGEMENT OF GASTRITIS.

5.1

STATEMENT OF THE

A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE

PROBLEM

EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO ASSISTED

TEACHING (VAT) ON KNOWLEDGE
REGARDING PREVENTION AND
MANAGEMENT OF GASTRITIS AMONG
1ST YEAR B. Sc NURSING STUDENTS
IN SELECTED COLLEGE OF NURSING,
HASSAN.

INTRODUCTION
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Intellectuals solve problems; geniuses prevent them

-Albert Einstein
Nutrients from food are absorbed by the body as it passes through the
digestive system. Disorders of gastro intestinal functions interfere with normal
maintenance of health. Gastritis is the one of the most common gastro intestinal
disorder. It is the inflammation of the gastric mucosa. 1
Gastritis may occur suddenly (acute gastritis) or it can occur slowly over
time (chronic gastritis). Gastritis is also acts as symptoms of other diseases such as
gastric cancer, peptic ulcer, hepatitis A and pernicious anemia. The main causes of
gastritis are infections, alcohol use, use of caffeine products and beverages, stress,
unhealthy lifestyles and unhealthy dietary management. 2
Gastritis may be acute or chronic and may be diffused or localized. Acute
gastritis develops when the protective mechanism of mucosa are destructed by the
presence of bacteria or the irritating substance, in other words it occurs as result of
break down in the normal gastric mucosal barrier. This mucosal barrier normal
protects stomach tissue from auto digestion by acids and enzyme pepsia. When the
barrier is broken, the HCL will comes in contacts with the mucosa. Chronic gastritis
can occur from repeated episodes of acute gastritis. Chronic gastritis can be further
classified as (type A) fundal, (type B)antral. Type A is believed to be auto immune in
nature and involves acid secreting gastric tissues particularly in fundus and circular
antibodies produced that attack the gastric parietal cells and eventually causes
pernicious anemia from loss of intrinsic factor. Type B is related in the presence of H
pylori. It primary involves antrum of the stomach. There is less reduction in the acid
secretion and gastric levels remains normal and vitamin B12 absorption rarely
impaired. As the condition progresses, the mucosa increasingly atrophies and acid
secretion reduced.3
The common symptoms of gastritis are anorexia, nausea and vomiting,
epigastric tenderness and a feeling of fullness. Other possible symptoms include
indigestion (dyspepsia), heart- burn, abdominal pain, hiccups, dark stools, belching,
and a sour taste in the mouth. Frequent attacks of gastritis cause complication like
peptic ulcer, anaemia, gastric erosion and gastro intestinal bleeding. 3

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Eliminating the cause and preventing or avoiding it in the future is generally

all that is needed to treat acute gastritis. Prevention of gastritis is essential to reduce
the risk of gastritis. It is at 3 levels and it can be categorized into four steps. Screening
is the first and foremost step in prevention. Making lifestyle changes, such as
avoiding the long-term use of alcohol, NSAIDs, coffee, drugs, avoiding the hot and
spicy foods and also the use of carbonated beverages may help to prevent gastritis and
its complications. Further steps of prevention are reducing stress through relaxation
techniques including yoga and meditation, and mental imagery. In order to that,
follow up is the essential step in preventive measures because the H. pylori bacteria
may increase the risk of stomach cancer.3
Management of gastritis includes dietary management, pharmacological
management, surgical management and nursing management. The dietary
management includes avoidance of hot and spicy foods, acidic beverages such as
coffee, carbonated beverages and fruit juices with citric acid and foods like apples,
cranberries, onions, garlic and tea may stop the growth of H. pylori. Also avoid highfat foods which increase inflammation in the stomach lining. A diet for gastritis
should foods that can be easily digested and highly rich in fiber such as vegetables,
fruits, cereals and whole grain. Eight to ten glasses of water should be taken daily and
coconut water is an excellent remedy for reducing the symptoms of gastritis. Reduce
the intake of milk and dairy products to three servings per day or less and half a cup
of potato juice should be consumed twice daily, an hour before each meal and must
have regular meals are the other remedies for managing the gastritis. 4
The peer group influences, unhealthy life styles and unhealthy dietary
management tend to put the youngsters at most risk. To avoid the being the part of this
statistics the best solution is the appropriate preventive measures goes hand in hand
with properly planned management such as life style modification, dietary
management as well as medical management. 5

6.0 BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK

6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY

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Epidemiologic studies reflect the widespread incidence of gastritis. In the

United States, it accounts for approximately 1.8-2.1 million visits to doctors offices
each year. It is especially common in people older than 60 years.6
The prevalence of gastritis in India is increasing. Up to 10% of people, who
come to a hospital emergency department with an abdominal pain, have gastritis. The
sero-prevalence studies from Delhi, Hyderabad and Mumbai have shown that by ten
years of age more than 50% and by 20 years more than 80% of population is infected
with gastritis.7
A study was conducted in Turkey with an aim to investigate the health
problems of the recently enrolled new university students. The study was conducted
on 640 students by the Students Selection and Ranking Examination. Spearman
correlation analyses was used for this study. The result revealed that42.7% of males
and 57.3% of females were showing the positive prevalence for gastritis. The
conclusion of the study emphasized the importance of health screening of enrolling
students in the registration.8
A cross sectional study was conducted with an aim to assess the knowledge of
medical and nursing students regarding effect of carbonated drinks. A total of 137
students were randomly selected and included in the study. A self administered pretested structured questionnaire was introduced for the purpose of the study. 27.14%
medical students and 39.65% of the nursing students responded gastritis can be a
result of excessive use of carbonated drinks and other fast foods . 9
Incidence of gastritis is highest in the fifth and sixth decades of life and the
rate is 3,13,000 new cases per year. 10
Student period is a very challenging time of life. During this period a lot of
physical and psychological changes take place. As a result the blooming buds of
future face a dilemma in their life. Majority of youngsters doesnt maintain a regular
dietary pattern and also eager to taste different kinds of fast food , carbonated drinks
and spicy food items, which will put them in a risk for diseases like gastritis.11
Youngsters

without

proper

knowledge

regarding

prevention

and

management of gastritis may adhere to inappropriate measures. So the researcher felt

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the need to educate nursing students on preventive and management aspects such as
screening,

modification of life styles, relaxation techniques, proper dietary

management as well as pharmacological management according to the causative

factors and the follow up is also necessary to prevent the further complications. An
another crucial factor is as a nurse, while receiving a gastritis client should consider
the clients diet, eating pattern, use of prescription and over-the-counter drugs, and life
style including alcohol consumption and smoking. So the investigator suggested that,
this study will improve the knowledge of them regarding the prevention and
management of gastritis.
6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A literature review provides readers with a background for understanding
current knowledge on a topic and illuminates the significance of the new study.
Literature review of the study is provided under the following headings:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Literature related to prevalence of gastritis.

Literature related to risk factors associated with gastritis.
Literature related to prevention and management of gastritis.
Literature related to effectiveness of education on prevention and management
of gastritis.

Literature related to prevalence of gastritis.

A retrospective study was conducted to determine the prevalence of H. pylori
associated gastritis in Nigeria, which consist of study of 603 antral biopsies into
paraffin wax was undertaken. The age range of the patient was 14-60 years. Each
biopsy was stained by Haematoxylin and Eosin method, Giemsas method and the
Grocottsmodification of Hexamine Silver method. The result revealed that Gastritis,
was reported in 572 (95%) out of a total of 603 antral biopsies with peak incidence of
24.8% in 2008. Three hundred and twenty seven (57.2%) of the biopsies were found
to harbour H. pylori made up of 153 (46.8%) males and 174 (53.2%) females. Two
hundred and forty-five 245 (42.8%) were non- H pylori associated gastritis. The age
group with highest frequency of H. pylori was 21 to 40 years. The study concluded
that the prevalence tends to increase with age and H. pylori is the causative agent in
more than 90% of cases of chronic gastritis. 12

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A retrospective analysis of hospital records of inpatients of Medicine

department of North Bengal Medical College Hospital revealed that 6.2% of all
medical admissions were on account of peptic ulcer and or acute gastritis. Duodenal
ulcer was prevalent accounting for more than 50% of the cases of peptic ulcer and
acute gastritis. It was more common in the working age groups (> 21 years) among
males and more than 31 yrs among females. 13
Literature related to risk factors associated with gastritis.
A cross sectional study was conducted in Iraq with an aim to correlate between
gastritis and factors such as gender, age, type of gastritis, duration of disease,
susceptibility to other infectious diseases and smoking. Study conducted in 100
patients (41 males and 59 females and a total of 30 controls (18 males and 12 females)
and gastric biopsies and blood samples were drawn from gastritis patients and
controls for rapid diagnostic test. The results shows that an increased frequency of
males in gastritis patients was statistically significant (P< 0.05; OR= 2.12) when
compared with controls. And there was a significant difference between males and
females results,( among 100, 70 (70%) showed abnormal endoscopic findings; 29
(41%) females and 41 (58.57%) males) and no significant correlation was observed
between smoking and presence of other infectious diseases. The study concluded that
a few demographical variables are closely related to H. pylori associated gastritis and
these factors increases the risk of gastritis. 14
A study was conducted in India to explore the prevalence of H. pylori
infection in endoscopically suspected cases of gastritis and correlates the endoscopic
findings with the histomorphological findings. Study conducted in a teaching hospital
at the Departments of Surgical Gastroenterology and Pathology. All the patients who
had endoscopic features of gastritis were biopsied and these biopsies were studied for
the presence of H. pylori infection. Antral biopsy was performed in 400 dyspeptic
patients. Of these biopsies, H. pylori was present in 150 cases (37.5%), with
maximum prevalence in the 4th decade of life and higher preponderance in men
compared to that in women (66% vs.34%). Endoscopically, findings noted were linear
erythema (n =60, 40%), sub epithelial hemorrhagic spots (n =50, 33%) and multiple
erosions (n= 40, 27%). The study concluded that H. Pylori infection was diagnosed in

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more than a third of endoscopically suspected cases of gastritis emphasizing the need
for early detection and treatment.15
A study was conducted in USA with an aim to investigate the role of physical
activity may play in the incidence of gastritis. The participants were classified into 3
physical activity groups according to information provided at the baseline clinic visit:
Active those who walked or ran 10miles or more a week; moderately active those
who walked or ran less than 10miles a week or did another regular activity; and the
referent group consisting of those who reported no regular physical activity. The
result showed that the use of gender-specific proportional hazards regression models
that could be adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol use, body mass index, and selfreported tension, active men had a significantly reduced risk for gastritis(relative
hazard [95% confidence interval] for the active group, 0.38 [0.15-0.94], and 0.54
[0.30-0.96] for the moderately active group). The study concluded that physical
activity may provide a non pharmacologic method of reducing the incidence of
duodenal ulcers among men.16
Literature related to prevention and management of gastritis.
A study was conducted to investigate the effect of acidified milk (LC-1) on H.
pylori infection. Fifty-three volunteers infected with H. pylori as determined by
positive 13C-urea breath test and positive serology were randomized to receive either
LC-1 or a placebo 180 ml twice a day for 3 weeks. All subjects also received
clarithromycin 500 mg bid during the last two weeks of acidified milk therapy.
Oesophagogastro-duodenoscopy and biopsies were performed at inclusion and
repeated 4-8 weeks after the end of the treatment. Results shown that LC-1 ingestion
induced a decrease in H. pylori density in the antrum (P= 0.02) and the corpus (P=
0.04). LC-1 also reduced inflammation and gastritis activity in the antrum (P= 0.02
and P= 0.01, respectively) and of activity in the corpus (P= 0.02). Clarithromycin
eradicated H. pylori in 26% of the subjects; LC-1 did not improve the antibiotic
effect. These results suggest that H. pylori infection and gastritis can be downregulated by acidified milk.17
A prospective study was conducted in Japan with an aim to identify preventive
factors for the progression of atrophic gastritis. 5,373 people were taken as sample

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with a follow up of 6 years. The result revealed that 69 gastric-cancer cases were
identified, 65 from the subjects with atrophic gastritis and 4 from the people without
atrophic gastritis. The conclusion says that atropic gastritis increases the risk of gastric
cancer but the dietary modification prevents the progression from atropic gastritis to
gastric cancer, regardless of pre cancerous lesion. 18
A study was conducted in USA with an objective to examine the variation of
Helicobacter pylori treatment success in adults worldwide. Data were analyzed in a
cross-classified multi-level meta-regression method, 618 treatment groups were
analyzed. The result shows that the treatment was less successful with shorter
treatment duration and dual drug therapy than triple therapy and treatment of longer
therapy. The study concluded that more effective treatments are needed for most
populations of the world where H. pylori infection and drug resistance are common.19
A study was conducted in Italy with an aim to determine whether sequential
treatment eradicates gastritis better than standard triple for adults with dyspepsia.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was administered on 300 patients
with dyspepsia. The result shows that the sequential therapy was significantly more
effective in patients with dyspepsia (89%) than standard treatment (77%). The study
concluded that sequential therapy statistically significant compared with standard
therapy for eradicating gastritis. 20
An intervention study was conducted in Colombia with an aim to examine the
role of dietary antioxidant intake on the severity of gastritis. A 79-item food frequency
questionnaire was administered to 1,219 subjects at baseline. Endoscopic screening
for precancerous gastric lesions was performed in all subjects by biopsy and
histologic diagnosis. The result showed that dietary vitamin C and vitamin E were
found to be inversely associated with the severity of gastritis (p < 0.05). Decreased
dietary -carotene was found to be associated with gastric dysplasia. The study
concluded that the protective effect of specific dietary antioxidants on the severity of
gastritis. Dietary vitamin C, and to a lesser extent, dietary vitamin E are potentially
important for the prevention of gastritis.21
Literature related to effectiveness of education on prevention and management
of gastritis.

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A cross sectional study was conducted in India to assess the knowledge,

attitude and practices of students regarding carbonated drinks. The study subjects
comprised of medical and nursing students. A total of 137 students were randomly
selected and included in the study. A self administered pre-tested structured
questionnaire was introduced for the purpose of the study. Maximum of the medical
students responded gastritis (27.14%) specifically as the important ill-effects
associated with the consumption of the carbonated drinks for long period of time
followed by teeth and bone diseases (22.85%) and about 28.57% of the them were not
aware of the ill-effects of the same at all. About 39.65% of the nursing students
responded gastritis followed by diarrhoeal diseases (36.2%) as the ill-effects for the
same. A holistic approach should be incorporated to combat the problems associated
with the consumption of carbonated drinks.22
A systematic review was conducted to examine the effectiveness of videos in
modifying health behaviors. Study searched PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and
CINAHL for controlled clinical trials that examined the effectiveness of video
interventions in changing health behaviors. Twenty-eight studies comprised of 12,703
subjects were included in the systematic review. Video interventions were variably
effective for modifying health behaviors depending on the target behaviors to be
influenced. Video interventions appear to be effective in breast self-examination,
prostate cancer screening, life style modifications, self-care in patients with heart
failure, HIV testing, treatment adherence, and dietary changes. However, videos have
not shown to be effective in influencing addiction behaviors when they are not
tailored. Compared to loss-framing, gain-framed messages may be more effective in
promoting certain types of health behavior change. Study suggested that video
modeling may facilitate learning of new behaviors and can be important consideration
in future video interventions.23

PROBLEM STATEMENT

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A study to evaluate the effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching (VAT) on

knowledge regarding prevention and management of gastritis among 1st year B.
Sc nursing students in selected college of nursing, Hassan.

6.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To assess the knowledge level of 1st year B. Sc nursing students regarding
prevention and management of gastritis before intervention (VAT).
2. To assess the knowledge level of 1st year B. Sc nursing students regarding
prevention and management of gastritis after intervention (VAT).
3. To assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching (VAT) by comparing
pretest and posttest knowledge scores.
4. To determine the association between knowledge level of 1st year B. Sc nursing
students with their selected socio demographic variables.
HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY
H1: There will be a significant difference between pretest and posttest knowledge
scores of 1st year B. Sc nursing students regarding prevention and
management of gastritis after intervention.
H2: There will be a significant association between knowledge levels of 1st year
B. Sc nursing students with their selected socio-demographic variables.
6.3.2) ASSUMPTIONS
1. The 1st year B. Sc nursing students may be unaware of prevention and
management of gastritis.
2. The knowledge level of 1st year B. Sc nursing students regarding prevention
and management of gastritis can be measured by self administered
questionnaire.
3. Video assisted teaching may be helpful to provide more information to 1 st year
B. Sc nursing students on prevention and management of gastritis.
6.3.3) OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

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1. Evaluation: - To judge or determine the significant worth or quality of self

instructional module on knowledge of prevention and management of gastritis.
2. Effectiveness: - It refers to the extent to which the information in the video
assisted teaching has achieved the desired out come as measured by increase in
posttest knowledge scores of students regarding prevention and management
of gastritis.
3. Video Assisted Teaching (VAT) : - It refers to a systematically developed
audio-cum-video teaching module designed for 1st year B. Sc nursing students
which contains information regarding prevention and management of gastritis.
4. Knowledge :- Refers to the correct response to knowledge questions on
selected areas of gastritis measured by structured questionnaire and is
expressed in terms of knowledge scores.
5. Prevention: - It refers to hindering the gastritis from happening by life style &
dietary modification or others.
6. Management: - It refers to the treatment and other management of gastritis.
7. Gastritis: - It refers to the inflammation of the gastric mucosa characterized
by indigestion, vomiting etc.
8. 1st year B. Sc nursing students: - It refers to the students studying in the 1st
year of Bachelor of Science in Nursing course.
6.3.4) CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK
The study is based on J W Kenneys general system model.
6.3.5) DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study is delimited to:1. 1st year B. Sc nursing students in selected nursing colleges in Hassan.
2. A period of 4 to 6 weeks of duration.
3. Sample size of 60 students.

7) MATERIAL AND METHDS OF STUDY

7.1) SOURCE OF DATA

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Data will be collected from 1st year B. Sc nursing students in selected nursing
colleges in Hassan, Karnataka.
7.1.1) SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The study signifies the importance of video assisted teaching (VAT)
regarding prevention and management of gastritis and it will enhance the
knowledge of 1st year B. Sc nursing students regarding prevention and
management of gastritis such as screening, life style modification, proper
dietary management as well as medical management.
7.1.2) RESEARCH DESIGN
The research design used for the present study is Quasi-experimental; one
group pretest posttest design. It includes manipulation and randomization but no
control group.
One group pretest posttest design
SUBJECTS

PRETEST

INTERVENTION

DAY:1
1st year B. Sc
nursing students

POSTTEST
DAY:8

O1

KEY WORDS
O1- Pretest
X- Intervention / administration of Video Assisted Teaching.
O2- Posttest

7.2) METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

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O2

Data is intended to collect by using Structured Knowledge Questionnaire on

prevention and management of gastritis.
The tool which was organized into two sections:
Section I : Socio demographic variables.
Section II: Knowledge questionnaire on prevention and management of gastritis.

7.2.1) SAMPLING PROCESS

CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF SAMPLE
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1st year B. Sc nursing students who are:
1.

Present at the time of data collection.

2.

Willing to participate in the study.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1st year B. Sc nursing students:
1.

Those who have attended any educational program on gastritis.

2.

Those who are sick during data collection.

7.2.2) SAMPLING PROCEDURE

7.2.2.1) POPULATION
Population for the study will be the 1st year B. Sc nursing students in Hassan.
7.2.2.2) SAMPLE
1st year B. Sc nursing students studying in selected nursing colleges in Hassan,
who fulfill the inclusion criteria of the study.
7.2.2.3) SAMPLE SIZE
Sample consists of 60 1st year B. Sc nursing students.
7.2.2.4) SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Probability Simple random sampling technique.

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7.2.2.5) SETTING
The study is planned to conduct in selected nursing colleges in Hassan.
7.2.2.6) PILOT STUDY
The pilot study will be conducted on 10% of total sample, in selected nursing
colleges, that will be excluded from the main study.
7.2.2.7) VARIABLES
Independent variable: - Video Assisted Teaching on prevention and
management of gastritis.
Dependent variable: - Knowledge of 1st year B. Sc nursing students
regarding prevention and management of gastritis.
Extraneous variables:- Socio demographic variables like age, gender,
religion, area of residence, dietary habits, educational status of father,
educational status of mother, previous history of gastritis, previous
knowledge about gastritis, sources of information about gastritis.
7.2.2.8) PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS
It includes descriptive and inferential statistics.
Descriptive statistics: - The descriptive statistical analysis includes
frequencies, percentages, means, and Standard deviation for 1st year B. Sc
nursing students regarding prevention and management of gastritis.
Inferential statistics: - Chi square test will be used to calculate and analyses
the relationship between scores with selected variables. The paired test is used
to find out the significant difference between pretest and posttest scores.

7.3) DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INTERVENTIONS TO BE

CONDUCTED ON PATIENTS OR HUMAN BEINGS?

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Yes, video assisted teaching on prevention and management of gastritis

will be used as an intervention among 1st year B. Sc nursing students.

7.4) HAS ETHICAL CLEARANCE BEING OBTAINED FROM YOUR

INSTITUTION?
Yes,
Permission will be obtained from the research committee of Rathna
College of Nursing.
Permission will be obtained from Authorities of selected nursing colleges
in Hassan.
Informed consent will be obtained from the subjects who are selected for
the study.

8) LISTS OF REFERENCES
1. Gastritis. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/gastritis/index.htm.
2. Van Asselt D Z, De Groot L C, Van Staveren W A. American Journal of
Clinical Nutrition. Gastritis and its lifestyles. 2003; 78:3. 559-569.
3. Lewis, Heitkemper, Dirksen. Medical surgical nursing. Mosby publication.
14:1020
4. Zajac P, Holbrook A, Super ME, Vogt M. An overview: Current clinical
guidelines for the evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and management of
dyspepsia. Osteopathic Family Physician. 2013 (2): 7985.
5. Joyce M Black, Jane Hokanson Hawks. Medical surgical nursing. Elsevier
publications New Delhi. 2005; 7 (1): 747--749.
6. Mohammad Wehbi. Acute gastritis. Medscape. 2013. Available from.
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/175909-overview
7. Olga.

Gastritis

staging.

International

Pathology. 2008; 16(2):150-4.

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Journal

of

Surgical

8. Haluk Mergen etal. Medical Check-Up Useful for Physician among New
University Students during Enrolling Time to University. Gen Med. 2009; 6
(2): 69-73.
9. Kishore S, Muzammil K, Aggarwal P. Carbonated drinks and gastritis. JK
Science, 2009; 11(4): 196.
10.

Kandulski A, Selgrad M, Malfertheiner P. Helicobacter pylori infection: a

clinical overview. Digestive and Liver Disease. 2008 (8): 61926.

11.

Dr.

Balachandran

M.

Psychology

for

nursing

students.

Maanas

Publication.2005.
12. Kenneth H Falchuk M D, Lynn Peterson M D, Barbara J McNeil, Prevalence
of H pylori associated gastritis. 2007;15(3: 155-158.
13. Hazra B, Hazra J. Epidemiology of gastritis and peptic ulcer in north Bengal
India. Indian J Public Health. 2008; 42(4):100-2.
14. Nibras S Al Ammar, Saad Sh Hamadi, Ihsan Al Saimary. Demographical study
of H. Pylori associated gastritis. Advances in bioresea rch. 2011; 2 [1] : 47-61
15.

Hemalatha M, Sahadev Ramaiah, Neha Nanda, Preethan K Nagappa, Suguna

B Venugopal. Prevalence of H Pylori infection and histomorphologic spectrum
in endoscopic biopsies. International Journal of Biomedical Research. 2013; 4:
11 Available from:
www.ijbr.ssjournals.com-index.php-journal-article-view-403.htm

16.

Yiling Cheng, Caroline A Macera, Dorothy R Davis, Steven N Blair . Physical

activity and peptic ulcers. West J Med. 2000 August; 173(2): 101107.

17. Felley C P, Corthesy T I, Rivero J L, Sipponen P, Kaufmann M, Bauerfeind P

etal. Favourable effect of acidified milk on Helicobacter pylori gastritis in
man. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001;13(1):25-9.
18. Spring Berline etal, Association between atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer.
Journal of Supportive Care in Cancer. 2004; 9: 606-610.

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19. Basker S P et al, Examine the variation of Helicobacter pylori treatment

success in adults worldwide. American Journal of Nursing. Volume 18,
pages:34-46.
20. Dino Vaira M D; Angelo Zullo M D etal. Sequential Therapy versus Standard
Triple Drug Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication. Ann Intern Med.
2007;146:556-563. Available from:
http://www.annals.org/site/collections/rct_pdf/0000605-20070.
21. Carmona GA et al. Role of dietary antioxidant intake on the severity of
gastritis. journal of gastro enterology. 2005; 31(5): 449-454.
22. Kishore S, Aggarwal P, Muzammil K. KAP study about carbonated drinks
among medical and nursing students at teaching hospital. JK Science, 2009;
11(4): 196-199.
23. Tuong W, Larsen E R, Armstrong A W. Videos to influence: a systematic
review of effectiveness of video-based education in modifying health
behaviors. J Behav Med. 2012; 28.

SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE

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10

REMARKS OF THE GUIDE

11

NAME AND DESIGNATION OF:

11.1 GUIDE

11.2 SIGNATURE
11.3 CO-GUIDE
11.4 SIGNATURE
11.5 HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

11.6 SIGNATURE
12

12.1 REMARKS OF THE

PRINCIPAL

12.2 SIGNATURE

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