Sources of Magnetic Field

C
Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem
Fundamental nature
of Magnetism
Interaction of moving
electric charges
Magnetic forces arise in two stages:

1. Moving charge or a collection of moving charges
produces a magnetic field.
2. Current or moving charge responds to this
magnetic field and so experiences a magnetic
force.
Chapter 28
Sources of Magnetic Field
28-1 Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge
28-2 Magnetic Field of a Current Element
28-3 Magnetic Field of a Straight Current-Carrying Conductor
28-4 Force Between Parallel Conductors
28-5 Magnetic Field of a Circular Current Loop
28-6 Amperes Law
28-7 Applications of Amperes Law
Objective
Evaluate the magnetic field vector at a given point in space
due to a moving point charge
Electric Interactions
1. A distribution of electric charge at rest creates an electric field
in the surrounding space.
2. The electric field exerts a force
that is present in the field.
on any other charge q
Magnetic Interactions
1. A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the
surrounding space (in addition to its electric field).
2. The magnetic field exerts a force
on any other moving
charge or current that is present in the field.
Source point
Field point
+
q
Point P
Question:
What is the magnetic field at point P?
Magnetic Field of a Point Charge with Constant Velocity
Direction: Use RHR.

Example:
Answers: e = neg charge of electron; v = 0.100c, r = 2.00 um

(a) B = k*e*v*sin(30)/r^2; out of the page
(b) B = k*e*v/r^2; out of the page
(c) zero
10
Seatwork:
What is the direction of the
magnetic field at point P due
to the two moving charges?
Answer: +i or
out of the page
11
Example:
What is the magnitude of the
magnetic field at point P due
to the two moving charges?
Answer:
No B due to +3e.
B due to +4e = k*(4e)*vo*(L)/[(L^2 + (2L)^2)^(3/2)]
Out of the page
12
Chapter 28
28-6 Amperes Law
13
Objective
Evaluate the magnetic field vector at a given point in space
due to an infinitesimal current element
14
Source point
Field point
Point P
Question:
15
Magnetic Field of a Current Element

Biot-Savart law
Direction: Use RHR.

16
Magnetic Field of a Current Element
17
Example:
Seatwork
18
Source point
Field point
Point P
Biot-Savart law
19
Chapter 28
28-6 Amperes Law
20
Objectives
Evaluate the magnetic field vector at any point in space due
to a straight current-carrying conductor
Use superposition principle to calculate the magnetic field
due to one or more straight wire conductors
21
Question:
What is the magnetic
field at point P?
22
At all points on a circle of radius r around a long,

straight current-carrying wire, the magnitude B is
radius r
For a long, straight, current-carrying

conductor only
23
Example:
Three long, straight conducting wires each carry a current I
in the direction shown. What is the magnitude and direction
of the resulting magnetic field at point P?
Answer: B = (5/4)uI/4piR, upward

24
Seatwork:
Four, long, parallel power line each carry 100-A currents. A
cross-sectional diagram of these lines is a square, 20.0 cm
on each side. What is the direction of the net magnetic
field at the center of the square?
25
Chapter 28
28-6 Amperes Law
26
Objective
Calculate the force per unit length on a current carrying wire
due to the magnetic field produced by other currentcarrying wires
27
The lower conductor produces a

magnetic field that, at the position of
the upper conductor, has magnitude
The magnetic force that this field

exerts on a length L of the upper
conductor is
28
Lower conductor produces a

magnetic field in this portion.
Magnitude:
Direction:
The magnetic force experienced by the segment having length L on the

upper conductor is
Magnitude:
Direction:
downward
29
The magnetic force experienced by the segment having length L on the

lower conductor is
Magnitude:
Direction:
I
I
upward
Upper conductor produces a

magnetic field in this portion.
L
Magnitude:
Direction:
30
Conclusion:
Two long, parallel, current-carrying conductors attract if
the currents are in the same direction.
Newtons 3rd law? Yes!
31
Conclusion:
Two long, parallel, current-carrying conductors
attract if the currents are in the same direction.
Two long, parallel, current-carrying conductors repel
if the currents are in the opposite direction.
32
Force per unit Length

upper conductor
lower conductor
Applicable for any two long, parallel,

current-carrying conductors
33
Example:
Equation to be used:
34
Seatwork:
35
Chapter 28
28-6 Amperes Law
36
Objective
Evaluate the magnetic field vector at any point along the
axis of a circular current loop
37
Question:
Apply Biot-Savart law.
38
Question:
Magnitude:
(on the axis of a circular loop)

Direction:
Use:
39
For a coil consisting of N loops, all with the

same radius a,
(on the axis of N circular loops)
At the center of the coil (x = 0):
(at the center of N circular loops)

40
What we have right now:
In general:
For N = 1:
(on the axis of a circular loop)

For N > 1:
(on the axis of N circular loops)

41
Example:
Consider a circular conducting loop with radius 10 cm lying
in the yz-plane centered at the origin. It carries current I =
1.5 A directed in the counterclockwise direction as viewed
from the +x-axis.
What is the magnitude and direction

of the magnetic field at the origin?
Answers:
Direction +x-axis
Magnitude = uI/2R (substitute values)
42
Example:
Apply Biot-Savart law.
43
Chapter 28
28-6 Amperes Law
44
Objective
Use Amperes law to calculate magnetic fields for highly
symmetric current configurations
45

Amperes Law
46
Example:
Answers:
a: 0
b: -uI1
c: u(I2-I1)
d: u(I2+I3-I1)
47
Seatwork:
Which of the following statements is correct about line integral
along paths A, B and C?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The line integral along path A is positive.

The line integral along path B is positive.
The line integral along path C is positive.
The line integral along paths A and B is the
same.
E. The line integral along paths A, B and C are
the same.
48
49
50
51
Example:
(a) B = uI/2pir
(b) B = 0
Note: if we consider regions in
b<r<c, we need to consider the
uniform distribution of coaxial
conductor J = I/[pi(c^2-b^2)] as
discussed in class.
52
Note:
N: number of turns
L: length
n = N/L
53
54
Example:
Consider two very long solenoids S1 and S2. S1 has N
number of loops and length L while S2 has 2N number of
loops and length 2L. If these solenoids are connected in
series to an emf source, compare the relative magnitudes of
the magnetic field (BS1 and BS2) inside the two solenoids.
Equal current in S1 and S2 since they are in series.

B = unI for solenoid, since they both have same
current and same coil density, then B inside for both
should be equal
55
56

Sources of Magnetic Field

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C

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Magnetic forces arise in two stages:

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

on any other charge q

Magnetic Field of a Point Charge with Constant Velocity

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Magnetic Field of a Point Charge with Constant Velocity

Direction: Use RHR.

Magnetic Field of a Point Charge with Constant Velocity

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Answers: e = neg charge of electron; v = 0.100c, r = 2.00 um

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Magnetic Field of a Current Element

Direction: Use RHR.

Magnetic Field of a Current Element

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

At all points on a circle of radius r around a long,

For a long, straight, current-carrying

Answer: B = (5/4)uI/4piR, upward

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

The lower conductor produces a

The magnetic force that this field

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Lower conductor produces a

The magnetic force experienced by the segment having length L on the

The magnetic force experienced by the segment having length L on the

Upper conductor produces a

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Force per unit Length

Applicable for any two long, parallel,

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

(on the axis of a circular loop)

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

For a coil consisting of N loops, all with the

(on the axis of N circular loops)

At the center of the coil (x = 0):

(at the center of N circular loops)

What we have right now:

(on the axis of a circular loop)

(on the axis of N circular loops)

What is the magnitude and direction

Apply Biot-Savart law.

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

The line integral along path A is positive.

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem