Muhammad Nadeem Aslam

Roll # 37

Q.3
Explain basic layout of Electrical power system.

Q.4

Draw and explain logic diagram for transmission expansion.

Figure 2. Logical Diagram For Transmission Expansion

Q.5
What steps are required to design a transmission line?

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There are two main Steps to design a transmission line

1) Station Installation

2) Line and Tower Design

Figure 3. Station Design

Figure 4. Line and Tower Design

Q.6
What model do we use in transmission system planning?
1) Transmission route identification and selection
2) Transmission network expansion planning
3) Network analysis
4) Reliability Analysis
1) Transmission Route Identification and Selection
Consider these parameters on given route.
1) Safety
2) Economy
3) Engineering

4) Environment

Figure 5. Route Selection

2) Transmission System Expansion Planning

There are three basic Methods
1) Heuristic Method
2) Single-Stage optimization
3) Time-phased optimization

1) Heuristic Method
It is based on experience of planner. System planner can observe the expansion
process and direct its directions as desired.
Proposed method is to describe the most direct route from generation to
distribution without causing any overloads. In this model the best circuit decision
is given to the planner and planner may have the option to accept it or modify it
at each stage.
Difference between Heuristic and Mathematical Model
Heuristic Model
1)Simple and based on logics
2)User interaction
3)Near optimal plans

Mathematical Model
1)No user interaction
2)Model by program formulation
3)Single Goal solution.

2) Single Stage Optimization Model

These models can be used to determine the optimum expansion from one
step to another. These systems can give the optimal solution year by
year.Differrent mathematical methods can be used in single stage
optimization including linear programming and integer programming etc.
3) Gradient Search Method
In this method data is collected from user and a DC load flow analysis is
performed on this data.Resuts are optimized by using necessary corrections
and again DC load flow analysis is performed on these results. This process
continues till suitable results.
Time-Phased Optimization Models

A time phased optimization model can include inflation, interest rates as well
as yearly operating cost in the comparison of various expansion plans.

Q.2
What is role of computers in power transmission planning?

1) Computer Programs
2) Data Base Management
Mostly we use system approach to plan a network.

Q.1
What are over future challenges in transmission system planning?
1) Inflation
2 Fuel Shortage
3 Energy Conversion Cost
4

Economy of country

Basic algorithms are same but the superstructures on which this algorithm depends
are being changed with the passage of time.

Q.7
What methods are used to expand transmission system?
Transmission System Expansion Planning
There are three basic Methods
1) Heuristic Method
2) Single-Stage optimization
3) Time-phased optimization

2) Heuristic Method
It is based on experience of planner. System planner can observe the expansion
process and direct its directions as desired.
Proposed method is to describe the most direct route from generation to
distribution without causing any overloads. In this model the best circuit decision
is given to the planner and planner may have the option to accept it or modify it
at each stage.
Difference between Heuristic and Mathematical Model
Heuristic Model
1)Simple and based on logics
2)User interaction
3)Near optimal plans

Mathematical Model
1)No user interaction
2)Model by program formulation
3)Single Goal solution.

2) Single Stage Optimization Model

These models can be used to determine the optimum expansion from one
step to another. These systems can give the optimal solution year by
year.Differrent mathematical methods can be used in single stage
optimization including linear programming and integer programming etc.

3) Gradient Search Method

In this method data is collected from user and a DC load flow analysis is
performed on this data.Resuts are optimized by using necessary corrections
and again DC load flow analysis is performed on these results. This process
continues till suitable results.
Time-Phased Optimization Models
A time phased optimization model can include inflation, interest rates as well
as yearly operating cost in the comparison of various expansion plans.