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ABSTRACT:
The motivation of this technical study paper is
automation control. Automation has made the
work of the human beings simpler from the most
complex one. The idea behind this paper is to
enlighten the technocrats on the importance of
SCADA. In this technical study paper we are
dealing with the detailed description of PLCs and
SCADA. After a deep research in the field of
automation an attempt has been successfully made
to throw the light on the importance of PLC and
SCADA and their application in the real-time
world. Distributed control systems[DCS]
containing SCADA is also mentioned briefly.
There are both hardware and software based
solutions for SCADA mentioned in this document.
The recent trends in SCADA also have been dealt
in this paper. Few applications of SCADA based
automation control have been simulated in
INTOUCH simulator- a product of
WONDERWARE. Finally the advantages and
disadvantages with respect to PLC and SCADAs
are mentioned.
Key words: automation, PLCs[Programmable Logic
Controllers], SCADA[Supervisory Control And Data
acquisition], real-time world, recent trends, Distributed control
system[DCS] and advantages.
INTRODUCTION:
The delegation of human control function to the
technical equipment is called automation. The objectives of
automation are better productivity, accuracy, quality and
safety. PLCs are the solid state devices which help in the
efficient control and smooth operation of the system.
SCADA stands for supervisory control and data
acquisition. It generally refers to industrial control systems:
computer systems that monitor and control industrial,
infrastructure, or facility-based processes, as described
below:
Industrial processes include those of manufacturing,
production, power generation, fabrication, and refining, and
may run in continuous, Distributed control
system[DCS].
modes.
SCADA:
SCADA as mentioned is a large scale control
system for automated industrial processes. SCADA refers to
system that collects data from various sensors at a factory or
plant or in other remote locations and then sense to a central
computer which has a SCADA based software which then
manages and controls the data
SCADA's System usually consists of the following
subsystems:
Hardware solutions:
SCADA solutions often have Distributed Control System
(DCS) components. Use of "smart" RTUs or PLCs, which
are capable of autonomously executing simple logic
processes without involving the master computer, is
increasing. A functional block programming language, IEC
Trends in SCADA
There is a trend for PLC and HMI/SCADA software to be
more "mix-and-match". In the mid 1990s, the typical DAQ
I/O manufacturer supplied equipment that communicated
using proprietary protocols over a suitable-distance carrier
like RS-485. End users who invested in a particular vendor's
hardware solution often found themselves restricted to a
limited choice of equipment when requirements changed
(e.g. system expansions or performance improvement). To
mitigate such problems, open communication protocols such
as IEC 60870-5-101 or 104, IEC 61850, DNP3 serial, and
DNP3 LAN/WAN became increasingly popular among
SCADA equipment manufacturers and solution providers
alike. Open architecture SCADA systems enabled users to
mix-and-match products from different vendors to develop
solutions that were better than those that could be achieved
when restricted to a single vendor's product offering.
Towards the late 1990s, the shift towards open
communications continued with individual I/O
manufacturers as well, who adopted open message structures
such as Modbus RTU and Modbus ASCII (originally both
developed by Modicon) over RS-485. By 2000, most I/O
makers offered completely open interfacing such as Modbus
TCP over Ethernet and IP.
Advantages:
Applications:
SCADA has innumerable applications. Few of them are:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
References:
i.
Bruce, A.G., Lee, R., A framework for the
specification of SCADA data links
ii.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCADA
iii.
iv.
v.
PROGRAMMABLE LOGICAL
CONTROLLERS- W. BOLTON, 4TH EDITION
ELSEVIER-NEWNESS-2006