1) Are System Information Blocks (SIB) transmitted all the time?

No, system information block is multiplexed with synchronization channel.

Synchronization channel occupies the first time slot (TS) and SIB occupies
the other 9 time slots.
2) What is a typical NodeB maximum output power?
The maximum NodeB output power is usually 20W or 40W, that is, 43dBm
or 46dBm.
3) What is UE maximum transmit power in your link budget?
21dBm.
4) How does TMA work?
A TMA reduces system noise, improves uplink sensitivity and leads to
longer UE battery life. It increase uplink coverage
5) What is Eb/No?
By definition Eb/No is energy bit over noise density, i.e. is the ratio of the
energy per information bit to the power spectral density (of interference
and noise) after dispreading. Eb/No = Processing Gain + SIR
6) What is SIR?
SIR is the Signal-to-Interference Ratio the ratio of the energy in dedicated
physical control channel bits to the power density of interference and
noise after dispreading.
7) What is a typical EiRP?
The EiRP depends NodeB transmit power, cable and connector loss and
antenna gain. EiRP = 43 3 + 17 = 57dBm.
8) What is a typical CPICH power?
CPICH power typically takes about 10% of the total NodeB power. For a
20W (43dBm) NodeB, CPICH is around 2W (33dBm).
9) What is channelization code?
Channelization codes are orthogonal codes used to spread the signal and
hence provides channel separation, that is, channelization codes are used
to separate channels from a cell.
10) What is scrambling code? How many scrambling codes there are?
Scrambling codes are used to separate cells and UEs from each other, that
is, each cell or UE should have a unique scrambling code. There are 512
scrambling codes on the downlink and millions on the uplink.
11) Describe the power control schemes in UMTS?
Open loop for UE to access the network, i.e. used at call setup or initial access to set UE
transmit power.

 Closed outer loop: RNC calculates the SIR target and sends the target to NodeB (every
10ms frame).
Closed inner loop: NodeB sends the TPC bits to UE to increase or decrease the power at
1,500 times a second.
12) RRC (Radio Resource Control) is the control plan protocol: controls the radio
resources for the access network.
13) What could be the cause of soft handover failure?
UE issue.
Missing neighbor
Resource unavailable at target NodeB.
Congestion at target cell
Low coverage (low Rscp and EcNo)
Imroper SHO threshold defined.
Etc.
14) What are the events 1a, 1b, 1c, etc.?
e1a a Primary CPICH enters the reporting range, i.e. add a cell to active set.
e1b a primary CPICH leaves the reporting range, i.e. removed a cell from active set.
e1c a non-active primary CPICH becomes better than an active primary CPICH, i.e.
replace a cell.
e1d: change of best cell.
e1e: a Primary CPICH becomes better than an absolute threshold.
e1f: a Primary CPICH becomes worse than an absolute threshold.
15) What are event 2a-2d and 3a-3d?
Events 2a-2d are for inter-frequency handover measurements and events 3a-3d are for IRAT
handover measurements.
e3a: the UMTS cell quality has moved below a threshold and a GSM cell quality had moved
above a threshold.
e3b: the GSM cell quality has moved below a threshold.
e3c: the GSM cell quality has moved above a threshold.
e3d: there was a change in the order of best GSM cell list.
16)

Access Failure Causes in UMTS network;

Missing Neighbors
Lack of Dominance (Continuous change of best server leads to
RRC failures and RAB failures.)
Poor Coverage
Pilot Pollution
Poor Cell Reselection
Core Network Issues
Hardware Issues
Non-availabiity of resources- admission control denies

Improper RACH parameter

External Interference

17) What can we try to improve when access failure is high?

When access failure is high we can try to improve RACH performance:
Increase maximum UE transmit power allowed: Max_allowed_UL_TX_Power.
(Recommonded value:24)
Increase power quickly: power_Offset_P0.
Increase number of preambles sent in a given preamble cycle: preamble_Retrans_Max.
(Recommended value:20)
Increase the number of preamble cycles: max_Preamble_Cycle.
Increase number of RRC Connection Request retries: N300.
Cell Reselection parameters
If the cell is overshooting, so I can narrow the coverage of the cell
18) What is the typical event sequence of IRAT Handover from 3G to 2G
Event 2d entering into compressed mode measurement of 2G candidates Event 3a
Verification of 2G resources Handover from UTRAN Command from 3G RNC to UE
19) What are the possible causes for an IRAT Failure?
Missing 2G relations (missing neighbour)
Non availability of 2G Resources
Poor 2G Coverage
Missing 3G Relations
Congestion on the target cell like that tch congestion
IRAT PARAMETERS
SSEARCHRAT, Timetotrigger2d, timetotrigger2f, 2DEcNo, 2DRSCP, Hysteresis2d,
hysteresis2f, gsmtresh3a
20)

Causes of Call Drop in UMTS

Poor Coverage (UL/DL)

Pilot Pollution
Missing Neighbor
SC Collisions
Delayed Handovers (time_to_trigger, hysteresis_margin)
No resource availability to hand in
Loss of synchronization
Fast fading
Delayed IRAT triggers
Hardware Issues
External Interference
Transmission problems-Abis Drop check (hardware, path loss, ip path mean delay)
Hardware fault

Core Network Drops based on

21)

Week Coverage

Adjust the antanna system (tilting, height, azimuth...

Sector Addition
Loss or Attenuation Check ( Feeders, Connectors, Jumpers, etc..)
Install the new sites, use the RRU, reapeters, TMA
If it is gsm cell, increase the all trx power of the cell. If it is umts cell, increase the
pcipich power and max fach power.
In addition, to solve coverage hole I adjust max radio link power for the services (ps
and cs)
Sudden decrease on Signal level can cause ping pong handovers.

22) Pilot Pollution:

There are more than 3 cells, if they are inside 4 db between first CPICH RSCP and forth
CPICH RSCP in the window it means pilot pollution. Causes of the pollution: Too high site or
antenna, antenna back lobe effect, improper setting of pilot power, irrational setting of
antenna azimuth..
23) Some Parameters

QQUALMIN: Ue can camp on the cell only whrnthe measured CPICH EcNo is
greater than the value of this parameter.
QRXLEVMIN: QQUALMIN: Ue can camp on the cell only whrnthe measured
CPICH RSCP is greater than the value of this parameter.
IdleSintrasearch: When the quality of the serving cell is lower than this threshold plus
th Qqualmin of the cell, the intra frequency cell reselction procedure will be started.
(Recomm. Value: 5, namely 10db)
SsearchRat: A threshold for Inter-RAT cell reselection. Reccom. Value: 2, namely 4db
PreambleRetransMax: T he maximum number of preambles transmitted in a preamble.
Reccom value: 20
CIO (Cell Individual Offset): It is used for intra or inter frequency
handover desicions. The larger value of the parameter provides us higher priority of
the neighboring cell. , this parameter is used for moving the border of a cell. The
greater this parameter (positive values), the more easily soft handover occurs, and the
more UEs in the soft handover state
Recomm. Value:0, namely 0db
RlMaxDlPower: The parameter is relative to PCPICH transmit power. And It is
adjusted to coverage and service requirements. For example, it is max value -3, min
value -18 db for CS 12.2kbps AMR. It is max value -4, min value -17 for PS 64 kbps
services.
ReleaseConnOffset : If UE enters a new cell area, and the quality Ec/No of
the new cell is ReleaseConnOffset dBabove the quality of the best cell in the Active
Set, and for any reason, the new cell cannot be included in the Active Set, then the call
shall be released.

The reason is that it is not permitted to stay (with an established connection) in a cell
area without being power controlled by the cell serving that area. The UE may cause
interference in the uplink.
TrigTime1A,TrigTime1B, TrigTime1C,TrigTime1D: Used by UE functions
for intra-frequency measurement reporting in CELL_DCH Soft handover time-to-trigger
parameters (event time-to-trigger parameters. Only the equation are always satisfied during
the trigger time, the event will be triggered).
maxFach1Power:
Maximum power, to be used for transmitting the first FACH channel, relative the
primaryCpichPower value. The first FACH is used for logical channels BCCH, CCCH
and DCCH, control signaling.

24) EASIER INTER-RAT CELL RESELECTION

Qqualmin: -18 db -16 db

Qrxlevmin: -115 db -101 db
SsearchRat: 4db 2db

25) RTWP (Uplink Interference)

If RTWP increase so output power of the Ue will increase. After that Ul coverage and
capacity will decrease so Ul BLER increases, at the last. This problem will cause the
call drop when ue reaches the max tx power.
We can check the RTWP via some counters.
To reduce the RTWP, CQI feedback cyle parameter (2ms to 8ms), so larger period
creates less uplink interference
PreambleRetransMx : 2040
PowerRampStep: 21
This parameters can be set like this.

26)

Site Configuration Change (Antenna Type, height, azimuth, tilt changes)

_ Cell Configuration Change (Carrier Power Type, Static TRX Power Class, Fine
Tuning of Static TRX Power)

27)

Solutions of overshooting or overlapping

The problems raised by RxQual Issue

Difficulty in accessing the network

Dropped calls due to bad quality
Poor handover success rate
Low MOS value (poor speech quality)

28)

FER

Signal strength is also bad in this, but FER is still fine.

FER is ok, it means that there is no obvious interference in the area.
The coverage is usually the problem in this situation.

29)

FER
INTERFERENCE (C/A, C/I interference)
TIME Dispersion (Time dispersion is caused by the reflections. The MS uses all or
most of the received power, instead of only the direct signal, there is a larger
probability to decode the information. So the RxQual will be very bad perhaps.). This
can cause high timing advance
Low signal strength

30)

PING PONG HANDOVER CAUSE

Ping-pong Handover is caused by no dominant cell

Check if there is overlapping coverage area, which may also cause ping-pong
handover.
Check if the parameter of handover, such as: PBGT, Quality, Interference, Edge
handover threshold, and P/N Value is set too low .

32)

BER REASONS

Worst BER due to poor coverage

Worst BER due to interference
Worst BER due to Transmission
Worst BER to TRX

31)

BAD RXQUAL REASONS

Service-Based Handover

Service Based Handover forces UE on dedicated channels using a speech only

service, to move from WCDMA RAN coverage to GSM network coverage; thus
allowing the operator to redirect speech users to GSM using a Service Indicator (SI)
that can be set for each subscriber.

33)

Call Admission Control (CAC)

The function of CAC is to decide whether to accept resource requests from UEs, such
as access, reconfiguration, and handover requests, depending on the resource status of
the cell. CAC is used to determine whether the system resources are sufficient to
accept a new users access request or not

34) Load Reshuffling (LDR)

The function of LDR is to reduce the cell load when the cell enters the basic
congestion state.
The purpose; optimizing cell resource distrubition and decreasing load level also
increasing admission succesful rate

35)

PUC (Potential User Control)

CAC (Call Admission Control): Call admission control is used to control cells load by
admission/rejection request to assure a cells load under control.
IAC (Intelligent Admission Control)
LDR (Load Reshuffling)
OLC (Overload Control)

36)

Soft Handover

Soft handover occurs when a UE is in the overlapping coverage area of two cells.
Links to the two base stations can be established simultaneously and in this way the
UE can communicate with two base stations.

38)

Blind Handover

Blind handover means UE can directly handover to the neighboring cell without
measuring it. If the serving frequency signal is getting worse quickly, but UE can not
trigger a inter freq. measurement and hard ho in time . So blind ho might be used to
save the call.
This form of handover occurs when the base station hands off the UE by passing it the
details of the new cell to the UE without linking to it and setting the timing, etc of the
mobile for the new cell. In this mode, the network selects what it believes to be the
optimum GSM based station. The UE first locates the broadcast channel of the new
cell, gains timing synchronisation and then carries out non-synchronised intercell
handover.
After receiving event 1F of best cell from UE, the RNC would check if blind handover
neighbor is configured for the cell.
If multiple blind handover neighbors are configured, the RNC would perform blind
handover to the target cell with the highest priority

37)

Basic Load Control Algorithms

Softer Handover

It is a form of soft handover that occurs when the new radio links that are added are
from the same NodeB. This occurs when several sectors may be served from the same
NodeB

39)

For hard handover the radio links are broken and then re-established.
When moving from one cell to an adjacent cell that may be on a different frequency.
When implementing a mode change, e.g. from FDD to TDD mode, for example.
When moving from one cell to another where there is no capacity on the existing
channel, and a change to a new frequency is required.

40)

RRC Fails

Check the related alarms in RNC and NodeB

Check RTWP via Nastar or M2000. Max RTWP should be less than -90dBm for
statistic performance per hour.
If the failure is counted on VS.RRC.Rej.RL.Fail or VS.RRC.Rej.TNL, the problem
should be transmission or NodeB hardware fault.
If the failure is counted on resource congestion counters including power, CE and
code.
If the failure is counted on RRC.FailConnEstab.NoReply, it is mainly caused by
coverage problem, including overshooting or poor coverage.

43)

Cell Reselection/Selection

The changing of cell on which UE camped in idle mode or in Cell FACH, Cell PCH,
URA PCH states. That assures UE camping the most suitable cell, receiving system
information and establishing an RRC connection on a best serving cell.
Cell Selection Parameters: Qqualmin, Qrxlevmin, Max allowed_Ue TxPwr,
Pcompensation
Cell Reselection Parameters: Sintrasearch, Sintersearch, Ssearchrat, Qoffset1sn (based
on Rscp) , Qoffset2sn (based on EcNo, Qhyst1s, Qhyst2s

42)

DRD

Directed Retry Decision (DRD) is used to select a suitable cell for a UE to access.
Different types of DRD can be adopted during different phases of service processing.
In this way, the system capacity can be maximized, and better services can be
provided.

41)

Hard Handover

CQI:

CQI (Channel Quality Indication) is the key indicator derived by UE for the radio
conditions. Node-B will determine the TFRC (TB size, modulation type and number
of spreading codes) based on UEs CQI.CQI is transmitted to Node-B through HSDPCCH uplink channel.

44)

Low HSDPA throughput:

Low HSDPA throughput could be a reason from several issues, not only
due to radio interface
UL interference
Iub
Channel elements

Throughput can be also slow due to:

Throughput limitation per user (throttled user)
Congestion
Transmisyon yolundaki herhangi bir noktada kalite bozukluu
Some bottlenecks in the CN
Iub bottlenecks
Very long HSDPA inactivity timers
Low CQI
DMPG sharing in RNC

Throughput ykseklii iin aadaki koullarn salamas gerek.

ncelikle RF koullarnn iyi olup olmadndan emin olmak gerekir.

Channel quality'den emin olmak amacyla CQI deerlerinin yeterince
yksek olduu kontrol edilmelidir.
High RSSI sorunu olmadndan emin olmak gerekir.
Eer ilk 3 maddede bir problem gzkmyorsa, Wireshark yardmyla
herhangi bir TCP retransmission olup olmad kontrol edilebilir.
Test anndaki # of HS users saysnn kontrol edilmesi gerekir.
Download site'nn (FTP server veya dier bir server) uygun altndan
(yeterince feed edebildiinden) emin olmak gerekir. Eer FTP download
yaplyorsa, FTP server konfigurasyonunun (MTU size vs) kontrol edilmesi
yerinde olur.
Iub Efficiency - Iub kapasitesi kontrol edilmelidir.
Transport link kalitesi kontrol edilmelidir.
RBS seviyesinde, RBS buffer'larnn yeterince dolup dolmadn grmek
iin HS Usage Efficiency llebilir
SGSN Capacity Overload vs olup olmadnn da kontrol edilmesi yerinde
olabilir.

45) Compressed Mode:

Before UE can perform inter freq or irat ho, it needs to have sometime to lock on
the control channel of other freq. or system. And listen to broadcast information.
At this point certain idle periods are created in radio frames, then transmission
and reception are halted for a short time to perform measurement in other
frequencies.. So it is called comp. mode. It starts with event 2D, it stops with
event 2F.

46) Rab Setup Fail Reasons:

I must classify the problem reasons to determine it.
Transmission Problem:
Check transmission issue on Iu-CS interface; check relative alarms and its
history.
Rab fails due to connection limit

ounlukla VIP olan bu sahalarda Connection Limit kaynakl RAB Failleri

azaltmak iin ncelikle Sf16AdmUl parametresi deitirebiliriz. Deiiklik
sonras UL Channel Element kullanmnn ok artt gzlendii takdirde
UlPrefRate parametre deiiklii de yaplacaktr. SF16AdmUl parametresini 16
24

RF Problem:
Check invalid parameters
Check inter-RAT HO and if the failure point is in RNC border
Check the relative RB Setup failure counters to get more details on the failure
cause.
Congestion Problem:
Check the Admission Control thresholds.
RNC admission parameter default values:
aseDlAdm
500
aseUlAdm
500
compModeAdm
15
dlCodeAdm
80
eulNonServingCellUsersAdm 100
eulServingCellUsersAdm 16
eulServingCellUsersAdmTti2 16
hsdpaUsersAdm
32
pwrAdm
85
sf16Adm
16
sf16AdmUl
16
sf16gAdm
16
sf32Adm
32
sf4AdmUl
4
sf8Adm
8
sf8AdmUl
8
sf8gAdmUl
8
Take appropriate measures to relieve congestion, e.g. activate LDR, OLC
algorithms, and to increase capacity.

47) RRC Setup Fail

RRC connection setup process includes following steps:

UE transmits RRC Connection Request by RACH
RNC transmits RRC Connection Setup by FACH
UE transmits RRC Connection Setup CMPby DCH
The reasons for RRC setup failure could be :

Uplink RACH problem

Power allocation for Downlink FACH
Cell reselection parameters
Low initial power of downlink DPCH
Uplink power control
Congestion problem
Equipment abnormal problem

SOME IMPORTANT IFORMATIONS

6 E1 olan bir NodeBde maxhsrate 120 iken 21 Mbp destekleyen bir modem ile download
yapldnda Capacity Allocation BitRate hibir zaman 12 Mbp zerine kamayaca iin
Iub HS Congesition yaanma ihtimali ok az olacaktr. Yeni Setting ile beraber 6 E1 olan bu
sahada maxhsrate parametresinin deerini 500 olacak ekilde set ettiimizde Capacity
Allocation BitRate deeri maxUuRate deerine bal olarak 21 Mbp Modem kullanldnda
23267 deerine kadar kabilecektir. Bunun sonucunda RNC den NodeB ye daha byk
boyutta PDUlar gnderilmeye balanacaktr. Bu boyuttaki PDUlar transmisyon kapasitesi
yetmediinden NodeB tarafndan alnamayacak ve Congestion_Control algortimas devreye
girecektir. Congestion_Control algoritmasnn devreye giriyor olmas Iub Hs limiting
counternn artmas demektir.
Dier bir bak asyla da yaklaacak olursak daha nceden maxhsrate parametresinin deeri
nedeniyle maskelediimiz transmisyon kapasite yetersizliklerini artk grmeye balayacaz.
Bu almay balamamzdaki ama transmisyon kapasitesi arttrlmasna ramen NodeB
tarafnda maxhsrate deerinin arttrlmamas sonucu doan negatif etkiyi ortadan kaldrmakt.

2) Service Based HO sonras Event 2D

SBHO kapatlnca artk konumalar 2Gye forced HO yapmayacak, 3Gde daha

uzun sre kalacak ve sadece sinyal zayflayp compressed modea girdikten sonra
2Gye geecek.
Compressed mode oluumunu ksaca hatrlayalm:
3G de inter-RAT HO tetikleyen parametreler (Compressed Modea gei) aadaki
gibi set edilmitir (Event 2d parametreleri).
UtranCell
UtranCell

usedFreqThresh2dEcno
usedFreqThresh2dRscp

UeMeasCont timeToTrigger2dEc
rol
no

value
-13
-105

dB
dBm

ms
320

3G sinyali ktleip 320 ms (timeToTrigger2dEcno) boyunca yukardaki deerlerin

altna dtnde Compressed modea geerek 2G seviyesini de lmeye
balyor ve 2G sinyal seviyesi -100 dBmden iyi bir hcre en az 100 ms boyunca
olursa 2Gye inter-RAT HO process balyor.
UeMeasControl
UeMeasControl
WcdmaCarrier

gsmThresh3a
timeToTrigger3a
defaultHoType

-100
6

dBm
(100 ms)

1(GSM_PREFERRED)

3)
RSSI sorunlu sahalarda EUL noisefloor thresholdu ald iin RAB
establishment gereklemeyebilir.
rnek: EUlROT (EUL rise over thermal) = 10 dB Eer RSSI deeri -105 dbm
civarndaysa, EUL -95 dBm seviyelerinde de enable olur. Ama yksek RSSI
varsa, mesela -90 dBm, bu durumda RSCP deeri -80 dBmden daha dk
olduu takdirde EUL almayacak ve HS Sessionn gereklemesine engel
olacaktr.
Yanl girilmi feeder losslar; performans drd gibi RSSI problemine de neden olabilir.

Egerki RBS3206 nn feeder ok uzunsa; primarycpichpower 0.2 dBm drlmelidir.

Misal cpich default olarak 30.0 dBm dir; uzun bir feeder da bu deer 29.8 dBm e drlmesi nerilir;
coverage ksmak gerekir.

4)

Turkcell Compressed Mode Parameters

EVENT 2D

> get . usedFreqThresh2dEcno

> get . usedFreqThresh2dRSCP
> get . gsmthresh3a (-100 dBm; GSM sinyali min gerekli deer)
IRAT parameter deiimi 14 Nisan yeni thresholdlar
Carrier 1 hcreler iin:
usedFreqThresh2dRscp = -105 dBm
usedFreqThresh2dEcNo= -13 db
Carrier 2 hcreler iin:
usedFreqThresh2dRscp = -95 dBm
usedFreqThresh2dEcNo= -13 db
14 Nisan 2011 ncesi IRAT thresholdlar:

C1 value C2 value
UtranCell

usedFreqThresh2dEcno

-13

-13

dB

UtranCell

usedFreqThresh2dRscp

-115

-105

dBm

UeMeasCont timeToTrigger2dEc
rol
no

ms
320

UeRc=2

serviceOffset2dEcno

Voice

UeRc=25

serviceOffset2dEcno

-5

HS

UeRc=2

serviceOffset2dRscp

10

Voice

UeRc=25

serviceOffset2dRscp

-2

HS

5)
CHANNEL ELEMENT CAPACITY (TX, RAX board and license)

Kapasite arttrm iin TX ve RAX board arttm yaplabilir. RAX ilavesi iin
uygunluu kontrol ediniz (3 sektrl bir sahada max 4 RAX board, 4sektrl sahada max 5 RAX board olabilir).

6)
Connection Limit kaynakl RAB Fail
ounlukla VIP olan bu sahalarda Connection Limit kaynakl RAB Failleri azaltmak
iin ncelikle
Sf16AdmUl parametresi deitirebiliriz. Deiiklik sonras UL
Channel Element kullanmnn ok artt gzlendii takdirde UlPrefRate
parametre deiiklii de yaplacaktr. SF16AdmUl parametresini 16 24
KAYUN21

SF16AdmUl

16 24

BUPLA31

UlPrefRate

64 16

Connection Fail yaayan hcrelerde Ulprefrate 16, ULHWADM95, sf16AdmUl

24 deiiklikleri yaanan Accessibility ve Soft Handover problemleri azaltacaktr.
u anki mevcut ebeke konfigrasyonumuza gre sadece Sf16AdmUl artrm
yntemini seecek olursak Uplink ynnde CE kullanmnn artmasna neden
olacaz. Sadece UlPrefRate artrm yntemini seecek olursak testler esnasnda
gorulen MultiRablarn Call Failed yaama ihtimalini gidermemi olacaz.
Testler ve Gzlemler
Not: HS Kullancs ifadesi HSUPA desteklemeyen terminalleri kastetmektedir.
HSUPA destekleyen terminaller iin aadaki senaryolar geerli deildir.
Uplink ynnde 16 adet SF16 kullanlmasna izin verdiimizden ve
UlPrefRate = 64 olduundan 17. HS kullancs geldiinde acaba bu
kullanc Block mu oluyor ?
UlPrefRate 64 olduundan 17. HS kullancs iin de RNC 64/HS Rabn vermek
istiyor fakat Sf16AdmUl nedeniyle Uplink ynnde SF16 verilemiyor ve
ConnectionLimit kaynakl RAB Fail Counter artyor. Ama RAB Handling
algoritmas ayn abone iin 16/HS RABn kuruyor . 17. HS kullancs sadece Ul
Tput anlamnda ilk 16 HS kullancsna gre dezavantajl oluyor fakat abone block
yemiyor.

7) Directed Retry Decision(Huawei)

Uenin access yapmas iin current cellden baka uygun bir celli semesidir. 2
faz vardr.
-RRC DRD

-RAB DRD
1) RRC DRD:
RRC connection setup esnasnda performe edilir. Ue current celle geerken fail
yedii zaman gerekletirilir. Ama inter-freq. neighbour da bulunan uygun cell
rrc connection setup yapmaktr.
DrSwitch parametresinin alt-parametresi olan DR_ RRC_DRD_SWITCH parametresi
RRC DRDnin enable olup olmadn belirler.
RNC aadaki durumda RRC DRDyi gerekletirir.
(CPICH_EcNo)RACH > DRD_EcNOnbcell (CPICH_EcNo)RACH current cellindir.)
DRD_EcNOnbcell ise komu cellin EcNosudur. (DRDEcN0Threshhold)
RNC aday cell listesinden Ue iin uygun bir cell bulur. Eer aday liste bosa RRC DRD fail
yer ve RNC, RRC Redirection performe eder.

2) Measurement based Direct Retry (MBDR ALGORTMASI)

RAB kurulduu zaman DRD algoritmas load balance ve servis steering salamak iin
blind ho prosedurunu kullanr.