/Up

RADEK

AND
ON

Being Arthur
with

RUSSIA

Ransome's

New

243

55th

SOCIALIST
STREET

"Open

Preface

Price,

THE

RANSOME

Letter

to

America"

by Karl Radek

Cents

PUBLICATION

SOCIETY
BROOKLYN,

N.

Y.

^^^^RADEK

RUSSIA

ON
Preface

This
some,
a

for

report

It
the

confidence

of

President

else

go

the

to

over

her

of

camp

States

as

America.

of

clear
to

that

the

policy
Russia

Soviet

help

Colonel

enemies.

of

American

end, that

an

to

Robins

Colonel

When

Wilson.

America,
was
leaving
"watchful
waiting" was
coming
decide
either
soon
capital would
was

Ran-

Robins, the representative

who
had
Russia, a man

in

it

for

Arthur

by

"Daily News,"

the

United

Colonel

Cross

May,

of

the

by

Red

last

Russia
of

America

to

American

the

of

President

the

taken

was

written
in

y^

RADEK

KARL

by

pamphlet was
correspondent

the

RANSOME

AND

or

Robins,

that in
able to understand
by origin,was
Russia
only two
things were
possible; either the Soviet
Government
else complete chaos.
did not
He
and
or
waver
that it was
economic!
to the conclusion
to
came
give
necessary
help to Russia for her consolidation, otherwise, in his opinion,
she would
with
man
be threatened
of Gerdisruption at the hands
economic
imperialism. A believer in modem
giants and
in America,
he
having no faith in the strength of Socialism
nevertheless
with
clear
and
was
man
a
penetrative insight
that the effete Russian
understood
not
bourgeoisie was
ble
capaof taking in its weak
the task
of the
trembling hands
himself

workman

economic

regeneration

Russia

would

countries

be

would

of

Russia.

socialistic

have

take

to

He

her

that

convinced

was

and

state

that

the

into consideration.

capitalist
He

was

that it would
convinced
be impossible to conquer
hundreds
of thousands
of people, whose
development foreign capital
v

would

be

not

alternatives

able

to

guarantee.

either German

hand

of Russia, in
its greatest market
American
capital would
lose

thus

prevent
facts, Colonel
of

German

Robins
intervention

him

capitalwould

reorganization
would

For

which

case

in the

was

assist

existed
the

or

on

two

economick

American

future,

Russia

help
monopoly.
Basing

and

there

capital
the

other

economically
his

ideas

on

and

these

energetic and convinced

nent
oppothe
regarded with
deep disdain
.^.

an

/y"

policy

"weather-cock

the

hastened

to

affairs

by

in

might

sent,

vivid

condition
who

to

was

as

Russian

the

on

from

passed

the

with

man

who

man

him

that

Martoff,

with

is not

not

this

with

and

do

we

friend

of

He

without

any

and

hellish

is

for

misery,
let

honor

it be

it.

Guardian,"

"Manchester

its

his

To

to

masses

its

and

war

Russia.

he

that

like
alas ! "Marxists,"
Socialists, yes and
this
if
from
respondent,
English corlearn,
they would,
in
Russia
what
Soviet
learning,
so
really is, and
lose sight of the mighty river, because
of the dirt which

Truth

since

the

for

of
and

so-called

Ransome's

of

circles

Bolshevik.

supplementing

words

been

already
Price,
Philips
correspondent
colleague.

the

has
with

Struve

heart,

warm

love

it is necessary
few
to add
a
have
In
actual
fact they
pamphlet.

"The

tured
cul-

and

all

Peter

affairs
a

Finally

of

any

could

it carries

this

ing
ideas, durhonest

people

Russian

on

with

understand

to

in

people
'"bloodthirsty" Bolsheviks,
he

deep

Ransome,

his

the

daily

he
the

communications

like

the

into

hurled

were

enabled

with

outlook

open,
eyes
whose

loves

interested

more

afterwards

and

with

Arthur

was

who

Nevertheless

his

prejudices,

would

front

Cadet

Bolsheviks.

said

front.

his

In

that

reader

English

events

done,

society, beginning
and
ending with

Miliukov

all

of

prejudices.

soldiers

the

have

would

bourgeois

the

the

Russian

the

on

course

man

Robins

writer, in order

known

ordinary
and
philosophical questions, developed
three
in Russia,
years' war
just as

the

no

well

pictures acquaint

in the

ethical

therefore

He

Colonel

of Russian
acquiring his knowledge
this
Arthur
of
Ransome,
pamphlet,
Russia
without
convictions
political
any

affairs

of

Noiilens."

intervention.

avert

called

he

in

author

came

who

and

to

assisted

who

man

chatter-box

the

of

the

Francis, whom

ambassador,

America

much

was

American

the

of

not

readers,

if Price's

know

efforts

to

of

explain

in

his

in

me,

Robins

Colonel

the

absence

the

words

few

pamphlet,

will reach
in

why

But

hands
of

his

my

efforts

with

crowned

not

were

by

Russia

Russia."

in

pamphlet
for

in

courageous

Intervention

it is necessary

Ransome,
the

Allied

the

about

written

success.

Russia

offer, which
and

tH50Bl

to

the

made
would
former

to

American
have
the

given

and
to

possibility

English
the
of

capital

latter

restoring

business

certain
her

profit

economic

of

amongst

which
fit

thought
who

the

have

years

fight against all enemies,

German
imperialism, if it

the

included

Soviet

attack

disdain

deeply
of

be

would

to

for

herself

fortifying

strength,

Russia.

But

toiling

masses,

them

under

held

of

who

people
their

people

course

dreds
hun-

for

yoke,

could

not

of
labor
that
capable
was
possibly believe
a
government
she
could
Russia
that
in such
guarantee
organizing
a
way
believe
could
herself
not
imperialism.
They
against German
their
necks
down
bow
to
that
would
not
the
toiling masses
of
wisdom
and
them,
they ignored the fact that the united
all the

capitalist states
the

from

of
indeed

of

Russia

could

would

the

toiling

in

belief

of

ness

in
of

the

Entente

its

of

with

and

its interests

front.

themselves
would

its

it

order

then-

is

The

talism
capithe

create

the

of

useless-

logical
psycho-

common

the

upon

hands

possible

is

throwing
over-

force.

classes

That

after

react

own

working

own

itself, then

workers,

unheard-of

observe

to

both

It

carrying

was

it may
classes, it

working

strength

own

the

of
with

and
end

heavy

heart

peasants'

therefore
all

it

from

far

did

order

the

to

role

overcome

in

directing

front
it the
hatred

policy

the

off

that

the

by

The
of

ofif the

that

to

fact
the

Allies

was

It

German

Eastern

and

tendency

workers'
that

the

mean

of

fundamental
for

ers'
work-

front.

forces
the

its

forces

hand,

other

Eastern
the

the

Therefore

Russia.

the

West

the

government

necessarily

on

draw

all others.

in

believe

not

ern
East-

no

of

kept

to

Western
with

be

government

into

capitalism
establishing

in

if this

pretend

to

government

natural

was

own

capitalist society, namely

should

great

it had

of

interests

penetrating

it in

create

imperialism

thought

its

should

struggle

severe

Allied

world.

interested
to

on

satisfied

was

there

that

have

for

from

directly
wanted

and

Allies

the

of

German

demanded

whatever

and

minds

the

masses

ment
Govern-

Soviet

strengthen

with

not

capitalist governments.
which
phenomenon,

deal, for

of

could

these

save

of
In
the
case
imperialism.
Allies
this point of view
was
given particular prominence
view
of the
and
of the
military situation
military position
the
Allies.
German
capitalism was
ready for a business

with
the

Allies

the

of

war.

and

that

with

lands

all

of

to

If the

capitalism, could
be a proof, which

of

would

masses,

evidence

be

yoke

That

life.

years'
develop

able

been

not

four

horrors

there

own

had

ment,
govern-

France

clenched

plays
the

for

decision,

ruin

is in

ready to bring
judicial rights

to

Robins

remain

the

Wilson,

the

had
Mr.

and
the

ing
head

and

Russia

to

have

but

Allies

his

pamphlet.

as

history,

because

We

she

lets

that
in

way

countries

which

they

could

intolerable

politics folly
either

the
then

is

no

Allies

will

send

not

they will, together

Siberian
will

show

Italy

and

the
the

etc.,
would
to

Northern

nor

the

be

concentrate

in

very

the

all

the

such
of

that

at

of

down

go

by

Russia,

we

capitalist

as

This
but

Ransome,

of

capitalist

of

help

to

ers'
work-

show

it will

for

in

and

events

ill-will.

For

Russia,

against

tionaries,
counter-revolu-

else

will

they

themselves
reasons

The

with

Russia.

workers'

Russian

in

America

only

than

iron

an

pamphlet

and

them,

German

conquer

Soviet

not

fight!
which

forth

are

allied

send
their

on

neither
also

attack

America

France,
England.
dom,"
phrases as ''democracy," "freeIt
die.
which
sent
to
they are
of

masses

of

name

good

fronts.

lines

of

to

forces

great

with

Russian

working
meaning

her

current

disgraceful defeat, or
then
forces
and
they will weaken
for
which
fronts,
geographical

great

to

calls

severely

suffer

main

on
on

includes

of

towards

will

ethics

punish

Allied

Russia,

his

the

last

representatives

more

help

cannot

"Ulster

finished

force

his

everything

but

means

the

punished
will

the

to

shook

order

energy,
death

the

read

forgiven

attack

them

to

history

estimate

not

was

fight against

to

But

in

die

attack

condemn

quite tolerable
whose
problem
by

revolution.

and

it will

went

the

judge England
helped or hindered

be

states,

while

mood

same

will

they

is

of

heroic

if Ransome

history

condemnation

the

God.

the

ness,
wilder-

the

of

wrote

of

flood

attacks

in

Allies'
of

die

And

that

convinced

one

to

which

will

The

loose

fight.

the

Ransome

the

not

words

would

in

of

back:"

the

feel

not

even

their

voice

the

Street,

Wall

going to
Antigone, who

right!"

determination

in

are

claim

to

crying

one

not

rerhinds

ways

stubborn

are

served

imperialism,

are

in

of

with

when

like

be

her

does

did

pure,

v^nll

some

the

of

prisoner

face

to

Russia
she

the

the

voice

who

and

order

Therefore

farthing.

stab

to

face

Soviet

bandits,

in

themselves,

upon
the
last

got

now,

Ulster

them

to

friend
doubtless
of our
Ransome,
pamphlet
''What
a
pity that I
tearfully remarked:

But

to

debt

who

shop-keepers,

small

of

country

Russia

that

forget

never

is

France

the

strength

moment

of

their

when

people

the
for

Allies
war

wish
to

the

bitter
fed

We,

them
enemies

as

blood,

our

masses

deceiving

the

blood

sons

the
will

which
them.

countries

help

our

when

toiling

Allied

did

to

are

of

will
them

be

understand

that

us

President

the

Wilson,

and

ink

for

will

send
whom

of

us

this

KARL

Sept.

1918.

peace.
army,

their

the

more

pamphlet

RADEK.

fight
letters

is

workers

addressed.

Moscow,

was

our

government

the

to

in

shed

best

their

how

convinced

government

revolutionary

our

by

toiling

honorable

an

Russia,

of

masses

wounds,
the

their

about

talked

fighting.

are

our

Brest-Litovsk,
how

soldiers

hirelings

explain

will
than

the

by

have

glory,

and

they

which

at

it

honor

helped

understand

to

the

We

imperialism,

all

which

of

for

they

which

on

greatness,

objects

humiliation

them,

the

with

of

by

about

real

Germany

of

And

the

illusions

the

of

name

illusions

people,

show

they

the

in

end
their

ing
deceivAllied

powerful
was

LETTER

TO

AMERICA

Arthur

By

Ransome

LETTERS.

Every

day

brings

Every

ship

brings

Well

for

those

That

the
the

Is

Emerson

this

to

that

poem

it

is

there
the

side

men

good

if

one,

than

they

take

the
that

revolution

be

but

divided

can

era?

new
we

will

themselves,

they

foolish

with

the

less.

pamphlet

on

Those

; when

burn
hold

far

the

cynicism

that

ready

smile.

to

virtue

geographical
this

in

to

Gods

less

that

America.
economic

cockpit

are

nations,

and

I send

I
I

think
have

it

all this

is due

doubt

that

no

Europe,

America

for

this

French

one

now

with

without

which

at

conditions.
of

the

Russia

suspicion,

burned

because

it, and

better

the
is
to

it

for

spect,
circum-

and

towards

disaster

the

Not

bloody

to

me

that,

wise,

supported

fires

the

refrain

America

look

love

gladly

things

others,

condemned

with

prepares

and

with

same

England

seems

wisdom,

of

because

understand,

to

folly
is the

sharply

more

the

very

Those

dear.

most

It

when

America

perhaps

up

is

it."

whom

the

rich

the

times,

all

with

do

to

the

hope
by

like

time,

in,
new

; when

by

character

by
war.

and

born
the

and

compensated

what

men

be

to

old

compared

fear

This

know

by

America,

to

Revolution,

from

hear.

headpiece

themselves
their
hearts
throw
and
of
youth
that
if, clearsighted, they perceive
side, even

on

will

by

old

divides

are

of

also

brings
to

commentary

the

being

of

searched
the

of

the

of

Revolution

none

vessel
wish

for

desire

when

admit

are

glories

possibilities

up

best

w^ould

one

revolution;

of

side, and

all

of

period

any

age

by

historic

very

the

they

fear,

no

assured

"

energies
the

the

wrote,

well

stolen

I have

have

not

stand

that

poem

Emerson

and

letter,

"If
is

the

wrote

who

word
word

word;

seaward

Looking

ship,

easy

afterwards
some

is
is

cial
spe-

due

to

further

thing.

For

another,

continuance

the

on

even

damage
like

for

the

edifice

to

parasites

about

too

wells

of

point
be

men

of

the

trenches

not

invited

across
man

the

that

they feed,

blind

of

England

his

sleeping

nose,

steadily

hate,

cowardice

looking

gross

no

effort

the
that

shameful,
forced

of

how

and

realize

expediency.

the

of

drunken

And

then
to

seem

brush

see

fly

monstrous

England,

real

the

are

last

How

that

on

mistakes

in

year

written.

will

they

this

be

to

for
.

tale

comes

appalling

how

from

even

and

the

foolish
.

to

the

I love

telegrams

the

of

was

realize

to

hate

imagination
their
position in history when
of
biography
democracy
an

as

notice

him.

I
if to

by

earth
on
(except
anything
sloth, the
truth) the intellectual
from
ing
makthe
English
prevents
shameful
will
and
realizing how

at

motion

further

towards

indolence

mental

arrive, and

ago

make

than

more

in

weeks
fool

take

and

thing bearing
but

six

tinent,
con-

that

who

her

of

to

the

from
folly, separated
the
and
beyond
by
sea,

world,

the

seems

and

to

little

so

that, from

know

only

Revolution,

Russian

the

from

newspapers
drunken

from

be

on

serious

any

which

deprived, by some
fairy godmother
christening, of the imagination
is
happening
beyond.
Shouting in daily
Russia
the wires
from
I feel I am
shouting at
in front
roller.
of a steam
asleep in the road

what

the

they live,

know.

not

nightmare

indeed

fearing^

Perhaps
lies, poisoning the
repeating easy
attention
the
lack
of
to
hygiene
simple

the

of

adventure,

it may
be that, knowing
think
it.
well
about
too

myself

do

bolshevik

about

go

view

vast

Or

full

pockets
capitalist system,
can

without

which

their

for

the

of

story

success,

in

from

wind.

the

its

I let

truth

present

the

cheese.

on

America,

there

of

wish

dependent

the

of

admire

wholeheartedly
and

Americans,

rich

even

be

day

they

mitted,
com-

bestial

standpoint of self-interest
tears
tragic beyond
blood.
English
English lads will

mere

Shameful,

foolish

and

for

the

toll

die, and
of

will

English

easy
due

things
to
to

England,
that
world.

and

repeat.
the

chaos

paid

lads

tell
At

in

have

died,

their

because

thousands,

little

be

them

least

has

half

They

disturbing
come

look

again
across

one

of
of

to

things,
some

little

person
men

that

and

Europe
10

are

or

giants
and

are
see

so

terribly

have

force

will

who

think

who

men

mistakes

worst

our

to

which

hundreds

but

two,

or

listen

elders
little

underestimation
and

not

not

walking

huge

been

outside
realize
in

the

things,

figures, and, to
for other
little lazy minds,
explanation, and say, "Ah,
monstrous

inside

candles
miserable

that

they
end

have

company
difficult
it becomes

England
and

to

see

giants,
for

the
in

it

will

And
of

not

mist

tlie

and

in

And

the
in

folk

sturdy

import
greater
that
is ing
happen-

of

are

else

anything

failed

and

clearsighted

the

first

minds

it

was

half

candles

of

which
that

that

the

nineteenth

in

the

at

that, and, for

Diderot

view

to

and

ing
enslav-

Revolution

French

sprung

maturity
sharpened

century,

and

died

from

it

after. 1795.

their

that

and

France

thought
a

so,

The
nation

every

by

which

ideas
to

came

notably

which

of

the

failure

to

with

money
failure

The

freedom

Dictator

in

If

its importance.

foreseen

grub

ardor

the

lessen
into

defeated

France

else.

most

France,

to

prone

was

of

measure

it

it loses

fail.

will

Revolution

that

mean

substituted

perhaps
the

body,
every-

mistakes,

same

honest-minded

the

that

gave

everybody
poured

it into

excused.

be

their

found

having
they din
the

so

than

world

Dictator

brave

not

make

even

in

although

Europe,

everyone

are

possible

Revolution

in

respect

day.

Rousseau,

did

the

of

its failure

ended
the

future

from

bogies squarely in their turnip faces

not
bogies at all, but the real article,

movements

think

French
in

they

whose

our

I
then

that

Then

explanation

for

those

look

to

!"

people shall
in folly, and

other

and

they leap for the easiest

tav^dry
in
with
bogies made
Germany
yes,

heads

turnip

little atheistical

so

themselves,

save

the

when,

conflict
after

it,

lit and

in
fiercely, successfully guarded
followed
the revolutionary sunset.
Let
the windy
night which
fail.
No
if only in America,
the
revolution
in Engmatter,
land,
what
in France,
that
in Germany
know
it
failed,
men
was
it failed, who
it.
and
how
murdered
Man
betrayed it, who
live by his deeds
much
does
of his
not
so
as
by the purpose
the
deeds.
We
have
of
the
seen
flight
eagles. Nothing
young
if, later in the day, the eagles fall
can
destroy that fact, even
earth
to
one
wings.
by one, with broken
many

It
so

my

the
to

the
close
is so
at
here, where
tragedy
hand,
the
immediate
not
to
of
forget
practical purpose
It is this : to set
down,
as
shortly as possible
the
Soviet
of the
in Russia,
development
power
in Russia
forces
worked
that
and
against
power

is hard

intimate,

writing.
story
show

were

of
what

11

why,
how

the

the

what

explain

to

the

of

end

Soviet

revolution, whatever

form

CIRCUMSTANCES

Revolutions

the

apparent

be

is,
the

mean

and

end

character

of

of any

it.

succeeds

REVOLUTION.

MARCH

definite

not

are

will

THE

OF

Government

Government
may

which

Government

of

Soviet

the

exactly

carried

political acts

by

out

desirinor

unanimous
in
who
a
are
majority in a nation
historians
their
Revolutionaries
definite
and
object.
single
that
character
often
afterwards, but that is
to
give them
try
of man's
general tendency to supply his
only an illustration
with
instinctive
of
acts
pedigrees
irreproachable,
family
honest
but
less
It
would
be
more
dignified
orderly reasoning.
of the politiis a kind
of speeding up
that revolution
cal
to admit
tendencies
times
would
that
in
flux, during which
ordinary
the
in
of years,
noticeable
become
come
course
perhaps only
the
weeks
full fruition
in a few
turns
to
or
days. Revolution
the
in
which
river
slow
into a rapid
of political development
ernment
action
immediate
efifect
the canoe
of Govhas
and
an
slightest
violently to a paddle dipped for a
answers
more
times
than
in ordinary
to the
moment
organized and prolonged
the

effort

its whole

of

Those
in

of

servants

who

autocracy

that

1917, believed
March,
revolt
artificial, premature

an

the

altogether prevent

perhaps
had

the

in

Petrograd

and

crew.

in

by creating
they could

the

and

pressing
sup-

forestall

which

revolt

serious

more

disordei

fomented

future.

were
They
life
but
not
act
political
an
wrong,
of political life.
crush
to
state
Hoping
a
a
political act, they
in which
the
the
old
created
of control
state
slipped
means
their hands
and
became
the
from
of
they
incapable
suppression

they

good

because

of

Their
as

best

to

autocracy
the

servants

would

prevent

revolution

from

immediate

the

autocracy

revolution

expect
is

of

whatsoever.

acts

any

to

reason

made

political opponents
of

the

autocracy.

its
out
carry
the
revolution.

They

Thus,

12

that

the
their

did

the

when
had

take
mis-

same

plan and, therefore,

1917, began, we
March,
the
wrestling with
bourgeoisie,
with
actual
people, both
gambling
of

the

believed

the

days of the
spectacle of the

both
the

far

removed

lives

of

the

with

people, but

create

tryin^^ to
revolution

laughable

to

labor

it
the

of

group

leader,

sent

the

into

to

that

but

sakes,

own

do

to

selves
themIt is

workmen.

Cadet

the

Miliukov,

alleging
urging the
actually he
nothing of

been

the

Committee,
shown

that

papers

almost

is

arrested

had
the

with
that

had

streets,

their

for

workmen,

the

Miliukov

be

to

out

come

that

Industries

War

remember

to

statement

pretending

Central

geoisie
bour-

creating
it

year,

autocracy

of patriotic
group
of preventing trouble

capable
than
laughable

more

over

the

was

Socialists

that

because

that

was

The

from

autocracy

back

autocracy
fail.

should

the

Looking

think

The

objects.

which

prevent

to

all.

at

different

revolution

trying

was

whole

entirely

someone

workmen

to

begged

the

kind.

the

accounts
to give detailed
place in which
artificial
the
the
methods
of the
prepared
whereby
autocracy
into
for
turned
a
them,
fireworks, which, unfortunately
very
that
months
It
for
several
volcano.
is
to
enough
genuine
say
revolution
been
the
before
running
kindergarten
they had
in
the
for policemen
classes
of machine-guns
use
just outside
the
been
had
from
cars
kept back
Petrograd, that armored
with
of
front
view
to
moving
a
target practice in the streets
that
the actual
grad
the capital, and
before
weeks
disorders, Petrobeen
turned
fortified
had
into
a
battleground, with
in the garrets of the houses
ambrasures
at points
machine-gun
the
Meanwhile
of
food
shortage,
strategical advantage.
the
in
had
been
serious
steadily
preceding September,
already

This

is

The

emphasized.
in

put

ensuring
the

uniforms,

always

inadequate

Government

dissatisfied
in

the

with

order

great

the

with
of

way

Russia

to

different

successful

Constantinople.
the

Tsar

or

to

bulk
because

increasingly

on

hide
of

account

the

the

fact

nation,

they
difficult

held

complete

the

because

ized,
mobil-

land, thus

distant

not

class

Thus

causes.

been

future.

breakdown

Dissatisfaction

every

Government

the

from

the

by

transport.

common

was

it had

in

ensured

was

had

country

taken

and
nation

the

present

the

of

armed,

for

in the

although

labor

whole

starvation

Starvation
in

the

not

with

the

the

population,
bourgeoisie were

of

it

put

difficulties

that
to
was
waging of the war
give
dissatisfied
aristocracy were
of his inabilityto keep his family in
that
in disorder, the
it was
folk, the
The

dissatisfied

were

the

Government

conditions

of
13

with

the

ment
Govern-

responsible for the

distheir lives.
They were

with

satisfied

above

classes

them

For
in

and

the

of

placid

gathered

stream

while

war,

the

Government

the

for

dissatisfied

revolution

the

with

had

when

united,

were

when

begun,
the

banks

already crumbling
a
single class in

not

was

discontents

speed,

were

there

torrent,

the

When

already

hitherto

with

various

these

matter.

one

had

flux

the

waging

enough.

moment

one

for

dissatisfied

were

it well

waging

not

Government

the

the
the

of

under

pressure
nation
that

the

The

Tsar.

Tsar, accordingly,
he
could,
as
as
a
politely
as
stainlessly
stage
son
perAnd.
in a
of his
character
seeing the bloodless
play.
the
for
end
of
object and
removal,
mistaking his removal
Americans
French
united
and
revolution,
m
English,
the
the
the
moderate,
most
prising
surmost
applauding
biggest,
revolution
world.
The
in the
in
classes
bourgeois
those
and
of the
the
laboring classes, who
fighting countries
the
tamed
been
to
had
a
happy
by reading
newspapers
in
little
troubled
lest
ideas,
were
a
bourgeois
acquiescence
affect
in Russia
their
should
disturbance
the
they having
war,
that
that
for
the
and
fighting
democracy,
forgotten
they were
not

was

left

the

as

enfranchisement
than

victory

main

Russia.

the

They

had

seen

with

streets

their

and

that

when

the

workmen,

line, and, foam

to
wave

pretend

that

on

had

he

the

be

already
who

revolution

crushed
been

bourgeoisie, the

the
it had

crest

the

of

an

power

itself.
14

so

taken

refused

had

to

begun,
Duma,

irresistible
to

party,
into the

out

instead

soldiers

more

control

of

the

easily.
by plain

threw

the

and

an

streets

It

wais

soldiers

them

on

it

already

itself into
tried

wave,

the

of

quarter

fire

for

goes

in

that

the

his

"There
in

crushed

in

of

start

to

people

save
tries
coun-

classes

bourgeois
actual

himself:

to

be

seen

not

had

the
of

said
it will

cossacks

by

was
only
existing organ

had

to

nothing

as

pouring

the

for

fight

to

that

allied

the

confessed

soldiers

from

been

was

the

in

openly

the

it would

risks

when

he

as

and

little later

decided

only

he

and

Revolution,

hour."

in

greater

that,
have

classes

part

no

window

flags

red

masters,

Russian

and

his

from

war

itself

so

should

bourgeois

taken

^liliukov,

revolution.
had

gain,

to

the

in

was

troubled, their disquiet

of the
helpless terror

with

comparison
in

souls

out

of

if the

little

were

set

object

But,

victory.

million

had

they

the

moment,
that

180

of

vainly

direct

the

Already
Miliukov
of

the

to

the

vital

more

newer,

dynasty,

in other

or

the

bourgeois,

transfer

the

words,

Soviet

about

ideas

his

formulating

was

While
forming.
the
preservation

was

organ

of

workmen's

of

the

deputies,

who

those

sought
the

to

their

won

by
opportunism

of

within

weeks

few

all

relics

which

of

THE

the

his

and

first

its

of

cause

PROVISIONAL

that

gently

was

the

necessary
since
for

declared

had

it

met,

the

of

Duma

aside

set

all

revolution,

party

taken
under-

represent

Assembly

like

place

be

should

illustrated
of

nor

who

future,

should

time

then

and

Miliukov

their

task

which

Constituent

the
itself

past, and

been

had

Miliukov

for

the

in

parties

when

republic, and,
already earned
the

that

that

neither

decide

belonged

aside

stood

that

to

assembly
subsequent
history

The

right

but

freedom,

who

stated

constituent

Russia.

the

had

Duma

outworn

had

those

it, not to
profit by it, and had
made

first

at

formulated

had
labor members,
of Duma
merely a small group
revolution
that
the
declared
ideas, had
quite other
to

autocracy

among

Soviet

the

by

had

summoning.

GOVERNMENT

THE

AND

SOVIETS.

There
claimed

to

these

was

Committee
that
had

people,

deputies.

mind
bodies
I

shall

the
of

except

the

bourgeois

and

privileged

of

workmen's

very

best

never

Soviet

the

thousand

there

unprejudiced
the

and

could

every
be
no

observer

as

Russian
in

ever

first

15

to

stand

classes.

The

claim

any

had

workmen

Soviet,

represented
again be

war

the

sort

to

right
of

people.
and
and

I
as

in

of

these

do

not

was

peasant
not

send

to

soldiers.

doubt

of

which

life

sailors'

and

company

so
happy
my
I saw
days when
workingmen
class
sending representatives of their own
I remembered
Shelley's,

those

did

the

first

of

an
by
appointed
thus
indirectly
fully representative of the

It

Duma.

of

the

.first

The

course

to

any

the

which,

was

which

of

Government

the

Every

member

each

nation.

in

these

of

second

bodies,

two

revolutionary

of

body,

lost

anything

From

the

Provisional

the

represent

one

formed

represent

Executive

for

thus

were

of

the
two

think

during
soldiers

another.

chains
your
in sleep had

"Shake
Which
Ye

And

words

Browne's

deluge

was

is not

there

on

the

understand.

ahead.

starvation

anything,

Labor

The

If the

passive
thus

the

of

to

Miliukov

would

have

the

had

Soviets

doomed

Soviets

who,
were

to

not

worse

hand,

was,

the

Kerensky,

than

the

autocracy

it should

and

way,

the

and

war

From

16

the

If the

the

army,

bourgeoisie
masses.

that

that

took

time
the
the

moment

meant

share
future

Government
Bourgeois
only by the good will of

of

in

power

of

the
the

sion
expres-

fit.

the

and

days

at

peasantry,

younger

take.

true

the
of

be
would

the
immediately
tradiction
conof the
imperialistic

Avhich

army,

Government

revolt

be, and

to

would
who

think

his

assured,

real

politics,it

had

be

only

swept

ment
governthat
the

possession of the
into the
revolution,

possession

was

few

the

retain

not

to

was

the

Government,
the
Soviets, and
so

revolution

right

realized

from

profits of

of the

and

it

to

The

whole

within

the

it of

did

saw

other

classes

on

whenever

have

was
a

they

and

the

not

magoric
phantas-

some

the

of

able

evident.

practically
politics it

of

already,
in

did

They

which

on

apart
the

the

however,

in

sake

them,

classes,
demanded

war,

peace.

the

be

to

not

hands

been

secured

the

the

secure

deeper
depended

suppress

might

became

working

from

working

remain

the

between
kind

people,

when

people's will,

then

that

as

two

presence

the

to

had

This,

the

were

in

Government

miracle

the

definitelyimperialistic

army

able

there

definite

Government,

revolution

weapon

be

taken.

allowed

were

wrote

these

of

starving

between

the

army.
if it

Thomas

Sir
"That

fissure, soon
ernment
bodies, the Gov-

affect

not

suddenly

of

before.

pass

are

great

so

visible

to

were

more

gulf

future

he

me

territory for

for

it had

became

was

when

most

taken

did

except

place

to

come

revolution

to

The

The

member,

whose

be

fight to get
gain which
They

to

not

to

suffered

should

steps

want

Soviet.

who

peasants,

that

had

always."

one

and

of

not

dew

you

few,"

Flood,

seems

on

are

applicable

there
became
Immediately
the ideals
wide
gulf, between

the

if

thin^

the

once

fallen

they

"

this

how

thought,

many

that

wondered

and

are

like

earth

to

beginning
country.

of

the

the

tion,
revolu-

peace
their

from

their

hands

the

Governments
that

sword

in
which
Revolution,
the
best
friends, spent
their

In

they
the

right

were

failure

to

obtain

the

from

Allied

war.

shock

Moderate

the

as

between

the

clearer

back

came

against

The

Within

Moscow

to

Party, feeling
the

seek

in

tactics

of

patriotic

an

had

that

be

an

executive)
The

moment

of

the

the

point
of the

Soviets

old
could
that

has

this

fabric

of

leaders

authority

muster

been

to
to

were

that

neither

prevent

unshaken.
18

The

October

huge

confident

made

every

openly

the

ment
Govern-

(no

longer

them.

is this ; that, from

present day the real

make
the

in

when,

Government

Committee
to

these

even

so

they

hold
foot-

new

Soviets, and,
showed
Moscow,
them

that
Soviets

of

the

Executive

moderate

I wish

the

illustration

All-Russian

behind

revolution

had
of

annex

Assembly
minority, treacherously sought
Not
Democratic
Assembly.

the

throw.
over-

it, knowing

under

they
country
for the
ejection of the
single arrangement
the telephone, and, notwithstanding,
over
nor

of

sort

to

which

Party,
a

Allies),

the

of

intended

was

classes

therefore

and

after

from

then
Petrograd,
Bolshevik
the
majority,

Bolshevik

and
support
definite threat

certain
it

weaker

first

October,

ever

classes.

went
Just as the Government
in a Conference,
the
Moderate
so

the

actual

the

struggle

privileged
moral

movement

organization
to

for

mutiny, a
the
privileged

and

slipping

of

the

of

himself

support

artificial

shook

for

support

it in

find

would

became

Soviets, the' Moderate

the

meeting

next

issue

Kornilov

by force of events
already come
weaker
and
bourgeoisie, grew
of the
danger of their policy.
to

by

by Kornilov
strengthened the

merely

become,

the

the

Russia

it should

the

of

in

struggle

handful

guise

telegram

shock

again

it

The

Moscow

to

it.

Soviets
the

in
(made
supported

Soviets.

struggle in which
class and
working

went

without

the

also

was

wished

shook

every
continuance

the

astrous
dis-

the

with

it

the

their

of

into

advance,

Government

the

classes,

between

Social

the

many

Government

emphasized

Bolsheviks

Government

The

the

in

Party

became,

that

to

for

into

lives.

weakened

retreat,

countries

Each

the

Galician

the

of

Galician

their

putting

be

at
rate, they had
proved that
any
calculation.
The
struggle for peace,

it, shook

adventure

with

would

necessary
had, like

they
of

years

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in

was

cause

country,

own

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the

first

authority

Revolution

did

give authority

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by

illustration
Soviets

cleared

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away
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from

IS

The

practice guided
''Dictatorship of the
in speaking of the

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discuss
been

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deputies

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local

Assembly
Central

five

of

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decrees

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as

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on

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to

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dismisses

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by
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elects

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issued

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electors.

approximately

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passed

tion
elec-

All-Russian

an

Assembly

actual

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up

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Assembly.
appoints and

the

man,
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in the

vote

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to

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can

Every

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expresses

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Council

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This

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principle
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Government

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the

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choose

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of

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in

his

was

definite

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Soviet

following

in Russia
to

had

There
Assembly.
changes or readjustments

deputies corresponding

of

The

the

with

peasant

every

of

one

supporters

or

seriously

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Constituent

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by

Proletariat"

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opponents

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SOVIETS?

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small, formal
parts in the machine,

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ment
Govern-

true

Government

THE

OF

of

working-

Revolution

smoke

that

the

already possessed.

it

REPUBLIC

formulation

actual

as

the

open

in

about

the

hid
the

that

authority

an

public

October

that

and

seen

was

of

matter

of

world,

it

THE

The

growths

waste

struggle died away,

merely to formulate

WHAT

them.

elected

who

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was

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always

opinion brought
change of opinion in

the

by

soldiers

had

of

change

themselves

and

men

the

of

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nature.

very

That

Soviets.

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to

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during

All-Russian

of Soviets, the
Assembly
bly
the Assemautomatically resigns, and
its approval
what
of
or
disapproval

representatives

and

the

period since
electing a new

and,
Assembly,
in
political character

the

the

Council

previous

of

sian
All-Rus-

Committee,
the
to
corresponds

Executive

accurately
19

by

coloring of the Assembly,

shall
accurately reflect the

party
organ

limit

No

necessary
the
from

substituted

the

to

finding

of

opinions, and, on
expeditiously laid
to
becoming
ghosts, they cease
themselves

as

it

shall

be

that

ensures

be

shall

people

Soviet

the

Just as
law-givers

in
in

their

atom

on

So

centre.

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atoms

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also

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centre,

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of

act

also

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the

of

Council

the

it

The

remotest

influence

the

on

affects

Soviets

the
the

of

actual

people, just
theory the
provides for

Soviets,

the

as,

rule.

the

its

through

soon

to

amiable

so

without

not

The

periphery.

minutest

in

find

ghosts

that

with

of

ghosts

as

direction.

contrary

the

those

ensures

of

seems

is free

country

by

right

touch

drawn
with-

are

this

graves

the

law-givers,
is

periphery

the

have

instead

own

inter-communication

their

closest

deed

the

governed
other
hand,

constitution
the

electorate.

whenever

Thus

in

controlling

the

of

itself
the

dead

the

Deputies

them

for

electorate.

local

danger

feeling

re-election.

local

to

set

others

and

its

is

that

ensures

the

means

missaries
Com-

People's

with
its own
judged and interpreted in accordance
No
other
local conditions
form
of govby each local Soviet.
ernment
with
this
diverse
Russia
could
huge
give
entity of
with
and
its varying climates
its plains, its steppes, its
races,
is

wild

the

mountains,
it needs.

which

the

from

together
laws,

whose

loose

for

Urals
in

the

shepherd

All-Russian

and

one

Soviet

each

special

needs

of

of

its

constitution

from

know

not

steel

another,
in

its

out

are

Those

unfairness

forget

or

in

what
of
have

is

one

particularly apt

other

assistance

countries

is

and

happening
excluding the bourgeoisie
never

too

for

the

community.

own

whole-hearted

democrats

understand

bands,

way

under

realized

that
20

in
in

their

the

Russia.

for

particularly apt for a country in a time

It affords
real
a
dictatorship to the class that
and
such
since
dictatorship is necessary,
one
no
class that is being ousted
of the
from
members
domination

the

instruments

own

is also

of

sit

can

that

and

but

Cossack

Yenisei

the

are

approve,

fashion

the

Caucasus,

the

Assembly,

throttling
can

interpretation

of

autonomy

fisherman

the

principles they

which

This

and

local

free

The

its

of

is in

revolt,

could

expect

from

its

who

eyes,

exclaim

from

power.

of

place

undoing.

own

Russia

object

It

revolution.

the

do
at

not

the

They
social

revolution

is to

put

end

an

existence

the

to

of

bourgeois

or

If exploitation
powerless.
class
there
be no
of exploiters, and
then
is destroyed
can
the
from
is
the
of
exclusion
bourgeoisie
government
present
of
rendering less painful the
hastening and
a
means
merely
transition
his parasitic position to the
of the
bourgeois from
his fellow-workers.
honorable
of
equality with
more
position
conditions
Once
the
of parasitism, privilege and
exploitation
have
been
of the
destroyed, the old divisions
class-struggle
will have
automatically disappeared.

exploiting class,

the

By
all
to

the

foreign
privileged

accustomed

to

have

in

it

make

to

things it has

of

nature

observers

the

They

merely

not

of

their

associate

in

events

Russia

the

have

belonged

it difficult

found

have

been
Russia.

in

privileged classes

their
from
escape
their eyes.
Those

to

in

class

practically

respective countries, and

with

consequently

that

happened

so

judging the story happening before

from
the Allied
sent
countries, less with the idea
working-men
revolution
than
what
the
the
of studying
of telling it to do
Allies
have
been
also
chosen
and
wanted,
men
especially
of the clear
and
mandates
deprived by their very
open
eyes
mind
have
had.
had
Socialists
they should
especially who
dreamed
revolution
of
it
found
difficult
to
long
particularly
the
which
recognize in this cloudy tremendous
struggle
thing
their
dreams
softened.
had
able
remarkhas been
Nothing
more
less
than
that
the
fact
observers
all
the
of
or
surprising
here
abroad
those
from
the thing clearest
sent
have
men
seen
who
been
standards
and
of
life have
by their upbringing
from
the
furthest
revolutionary movement.
I
the
so

do

not'

Soviet
in

few,

settlement,

building

up,

industrial

socialization

eventual

here

letters, and
the
the

two

events

Soviet

friends.

which

Government
These

Assembly,
least, in

and
a

were

the

separate

efforts

famine

of

organization
not

have
to

the

time

which

for

been

most

those

who

dissolution

negotiations

which

between
21

of

for

in

eco-

the

the

many

take

blackening

have

should

Russia

an

war,

therefore

misused

ended,

in

work

facilitate

of

table
equi-

an

material

one.

have

towards

shall
is

of

program

of

and

which
This

Russia.

of

peace

whole

extraordinarily interesting

stress

have

the

minutes,

their

detail

their
the

under

and

nomuc

in

spend

to

or

discussing

land

recapitulate

.to

propose

Government,

been

its

Constituent

temporarily

and

the

Central

at

Empires.
happened
Soviets

take

these

in

each

case

THE

in

suppose

the

served
that

the

will

be

different

what

flung

at

the

ing
misunderstand-

to

ASSEMBLY.

America,

people who
Soviet

the

its

possible
light on

to

that

The

of

tion
usurpa-

will
representing
special pleading, it

any
facts
which

bring together

best

the

not

without

that

of

ion
public opin-

government

and

that

events

persuade

to

was

by force,
think

anxious

were

the

of

one

dissolution

the

England,

was

Government

own

people.

in

as

Assembly

holding
of

either

due

were

CONSTITUENT

Constituent

the

them

reproaches

the

why

show

to

try

malice.

to

or

and

events,

and

of

account

on

two

put

fact

that

task.

It

entirely

an

the

parties
in murdering
eight months
Constituent
the
Assembly,
putting off day by day in
the
that
would
hopes
change, and that the revolution
country
would
ing
come
crawling home
asking for a quiet life, and leavthe
the
do
work
of government,
be
should
to
gentlemen
the
short
bly
Assemthe
the
of
sailor
who
set
told
against
speech
it had
talked
tired, and that
enough, that its guards were
time
It should
that
be remembered
to go
to bed.
really it was
the
Constituent
for
neither
in
end
Assembly
was
an
party
For
it represented
each
itself.
a
political instrument,
party
opposed

not

w^hich

it

such
The
kov's
the

end,

of

plan
first

jugglery

of

days
with

The

this

March,

future

declaration

choking

the

its

the

of

have
idea

by
of

not

it would

opposed

exhilarating days
the
an
Assembly
effect

of

mere

spent

tool,

was

forward

put

the

in

use

had

invented.

was

first

was

which,

It

further

when

those

Bolsheviks

political aim.

away

for

the

to

event.

damaged

of

Soviet,

to

revolution

could

at

the

means

at

the

to

be

point where

which

tram-car

the
22

Cadet

without
decided.

Party

Miliu-

in
Miliukov,
of
quick

belated

profit by the elemental

uprising of
secure
an
exchange of authority out of the hands
the
into
hands
of the bourgeoisie.
bureaucracy
was

be

not

birth.

to

revolution

that

impossible

revolution, tried by
and
abdications, a
a
regency,
of

body
Soviet, in

very

The

1917, declared
make

bly
Assem-

the

by

realization.

was

purpose

Constituent

Russia

thrown

was

the

the

tion,
constitu-

For

would
wished

to

masses

of the

Tsar's

him,
stop
to

the
veniently
con-

alight.

idea

The
label

that

on

clear

It became

the

would

they

it

clear

was

chosen.

had

passengers

that,

the

of

were

to

postpone

the

destruction
until

reforms)
whose
the

to

postpone

of

their

next

hope

of

and

would

of

had

reforms

as

the

Soviet,
in the

agreeable

to

it

in

party

Assembly

natural
the

land

the

as

themselves.

was

(1)
the

of

concerned

most

(such

so

roar

was

wearied

Constituent

left

members

bourgeoisie

the

able
amen-

Assembly,
its

unheard

be

the

erately
parties delib-

once,

electors

attitude

be

Constituent

privileges

all, the

of

so

tired

at

at

stopping anywhere
of moving

it

those

summon

this

held

most

such

be

would

bourgeoisie

the

own

could

they

character

Soviets, and,

until

elections

(2)

Soviets, and

The

meet

with
practically identical
that the voice
of the bourgeoisie would
aim
The
of
of the
masses.
waking
the

stop

bourgeois

be

would

not

be

The

tion.
destina-

car

prevent

to

it to

big

good

further

would

should

glad to
alighting
on
the meeting

postponed
since

it had

stop anywhere

be

peaceable

and

once

like

was

the

that

keep it moving

to

until

else
that

at

Miliukov

point that
bourgeoisie was

that

showing

tram-car

the

Assembly

Constituent

the

of

While
that

the

Soviets, should

the
showing
up
their
stances
circumduplicity of
bourgeois opponents.
Gradually
The
transferred
changed.
bourgeosie lost hope, and
their
Moderate
Soviets,
majority in the
allegiance to the
realize
the
because
that
increase
marked
of
to
they began
Bolshevism
their
heralded
from
something,
point of view,
than
the
it would
have
Constituent
even
worse
Assembly
as
in April or
been
The
May.
extremely flexible representation
Soviets
show^ed
that
the
of the
masses
were
"coming nearer
the
the
and
rather
of
to
Bolsheviks,
to
nearer
position
or
?
use

the

readiness
manifest

indeed

Assembly

Constituent

to

failure

of

anything

of

Bolshevik

coalition

that

became

members
real

the

else

Assembly
moderate

the

support

the
now

Soviet

in

view

to

get

desired.

masses

the
the

leaders

government

the

in

of

means

as

last

active

hope

Executive,

The
of

the
who

of

the

peace

or

ent
Constitu-

original
felt

the

political masses
slipping
from
their
the
October
beneath
At
feet.
point came
the
when
credited
disa
Revolution,
coalition, already a ghost, and
Bolshevik
laid
in
its
Immense
ghost, was
grave.
in
Soviets, and then
majorities in the Petrograd and Moscow
All-Russian
the
the
that
of Soviets, proved
mass
Assembly

ground

of

support

this

23

active

of
the

political opinion
that

step
Then

followed

(organized
which

and

there

revolution

takes

preceding
Finis

end

every
itself

with

of

difficult

these

let alone.

be

to

in

part

the

Constituent

the

elections

mean

encouraged.
is willing

he

would

man

which

knew

vaguely
that

heard

be

that

its votes

put
heard

the

to

word

Constituent

The

political debate,

to

the

in

their

side

the

Should

the

deadweight

conscious
of

the

artfully fashioned
with
The

which

question

of the
acceptance
the
relieved
Bolsheviks

responsibility.
cowards.
not

But

the

looking

(at

Bolsheviks
for

easy

at

the

have
were

ways
24

the

the

been

charity
It

New

not

out,

very

whom

plain

submit

of

one.

the

to

deadweight
form

were

the

very

ing?
work-

difficulty,

extreme

easy
afraid of

were

Assembly,
men

Assembly
Year) of
an

of

moment
an

was

the

that

successfully
of

moment

been

of

country

into

Constituent

would

to

that

work.

was

the

at

if that

even

themselves

when

It

the

enemies

put

was

result

question

of

unconscious,
had

real

any

form

of

up

The

their

belief

deserving

do

to

in the

made

workers

by
they

to

the

And

legacy

dim

should
quiet life, and
the
much
spirit of the

to

faced, almost

was

with

ver}'

ready

fairly bad, and it had

It therefore
terrible people.
were
whom
it
of those
people against

particular.

nation

took

was

of

sort

in

give alms
most
unwilling
bourgeoisie were

the

on

in

voted

which

Soviets

to

coming
own,
was
majority in which
they had
just overthrown.
to

were

the

people, during

mass

the

return

It

Bolsheviks

nothing
of

part

the

the

of

Assembly

would

who

tool

who

end

living politics

rich

had

an

that

fact

the

forward

end

indifferent

This

be

live

people

The

everybody

for

lesson-book.

politicallife, an

to

therefore

also

lies in

of

look

to

come

in

Revolution)

In
revolution.
to
anyhow
it is only a small
minority that really concerns
country
with
that
scious
minority is a big unconpolitics. Outside
itself
which
does
of
not
concern
mass
voting material,
its government
active
asks
politics, and
nothing from

those

for

numbers

great
had

for

meant

for

vote

months

end

even

except
little

very
it, and that

the

at

Assembly
an

Assembly

Bolsheviks.

majority against
It
perfectly simple.
uncomfoi;table
thing

eight

October

the

before

Constituent

the

of

the

this is

is
in

part

elections

canvassed

of

of

fully approved

country

taken.

the

was

explanation
a

been

had

the

in

have

would

tremendous

way

out,

for

responsibility,

confident

that

the

sought

obtained

and

They hoped
better

than

find

They,

peace

What
of

all Governments

followed?

their

negotiations
of

The

the

weakest

took

home

came

be

to

seemed

went

which

Daniel

exhibiting

to

the

neither
a

conqueror

revolution
the

with
German

strikes, both
to

say

in Austria
that

Brest

to

had

to

he

and
would

the

with

of

him

the
a

of

world

peace

had

classes,

head

the
the

what

they

peace

destroy

to

tion
delegato

as

at

of

one

deprived

conclude

spurious

working

Trotzky

classes

of

daring

most

Goliath.

his

the

the

possibility
inability

in which

now

attempted

such

for

should
to

peace
itself illustrate in their

Government

He

the

tortured

He

utter

Government

when

sought

had

in

first Russian

Soviet

conquered.
Germany, or obtain

people.

tion
posiof

with
peace
formula
would

outstretched

their

working

their

at

even

that

them,

The

mirage.

Allies

German
him

the

nor

in

had

tiation.
nego-

obtain

to

Russian

hand

claw.

situation

governments

present

by making

anyone

any

the

be

the

army,

fading
delegation

Allies

of

unrecognized, ignored,
Germans
struggle singlehanded. The

new

like

of

their

the

this

absence

of

of

in

basis

if the

ditions
con-

expressed

Allies
the

left

the

to

as

formula

the

Allies

with

exhausted

word

her

failure

a
on

peace

grasping

be

reinforced

about

done

to

plans with

The

confer

to

their

promised

of

in

detail
every
man
of the Ger-

from

been

line, and

became

friendship

The

interested

withdrawing
facing a continuance

in

merely

of

their

bolder

that

that

so

Allies,

continue

to

was

instead

of

Russian

have

attainable.

been

now

were

answer

and

Germany
believe

would

the

first German

this

joined them,

whole

which
make

to

Germans

as

have

was

armistice, every

the

Bolsheviks

late hour

the

in

ready

the

over

came

peace,

themselves

war

possibility,
general aim.

Step by step, they published

replies. Then

that

its

their

of

world,

the

in

all governments

for
for a general peace,
proposal was
victory. Their
for
which
a year.
Russia, in agony, had been awaiting

German

the

of

That

them

pleased

rejected by

convinced

them.

ity
possibil-

the

have

would

was

workers,

Revolution.

Social

the world

of

peace

overthrow

rise and
least

workers

sheviks
Bol-

the

of

first aim

Universal

nothing

such

the

that

so

be,

and

that

The

peace.

the

to

peace,

to

alike,
should

will

always

illustrate

to

honorable

of

it

as

was,

separate

bring
Russia
tiations
nego-

wishes
disregard for the expressed
did actually succeed
in causing huge
in Gemiany,
it is impossible for
and
have
in hitting
not
finallysucceeded
26

the

Goliath

the eyes with

opposed to him fairly between
the only weapon
this shining pebble of an
at his
Idea, which
was
his aim
had
been
deflected,
command,
not
if, at the last moment,
and

the

in the

Force

target shifted
Ukraine

natural
their

of

were

of the

development
to

country

themselves,

Germany

lose

to

of

in their

means

These

Soviets.
than

handful

of the

by the treachery
resistingby every

reins

of

the

power

preferring

men,

the

who

men

sell

to

government

negotiations, thereby breaking the

Trotzky opposed to the Germans.
unity of the ideal front which
that with
The
Germans
saw
they could come
part of that front
their
in
the
to
terms.
tone
Instantly
negotiations
immediately
Russians
their
the
that
persuaded
They
changed.
own
people
themselves
for not
to blame
were
getting the peace they required,
that a just peace
and
while
Meanwas
only possible with the Ukraine.
the soldiers
and
the workers
of the Ukraine
were
gradually
when
their own
that
obtaining complete power
so
over
country,
the
with
concluded
Ukraine, the soactually Germany
peace
that
attached
whose
called
to
signatures were
government
treacherous
quarters
headwere
actually in asylum in German
agreement
and unable
to return
to their own
supposed capital except
the protection of German
under
Soviet
bayonets. The
triumphed
declared
Russia.
The
mans,
Gerin the Ukraine, and
its solidaritywith
dressed
like the Allies, preferred to recognize the better
in the name
with them
who
were
ready to conclude
peace
persons
that
them.
which
disowned
From
of a country
had
definitely
the
failure.
Brest
doomed
to
moment
negotiations were
peace
last desperate appeal to the workers
of Germany.
a
Trotzky made
robber's
demobilize
will not sign your
but we
He
said, "We
peace,
Will
the
that
Russia
declare
is
and
at
our
no
war.
longer
army
defenseless
tion?"
revoluGerman
a
people allow you to advance
on

The
but

in

Germans
small

advance,

army

meant

danger
only

to

the

separate

did

groups

advance,
of

and

were

peaceful
smallest

first in

had

soldiers, to
shot.

because
little,
the

at

who

not

volunteers

German

Many

matter.
to

opened

The

their

regular regiments,
no
scruples in the

eternal

honor,

demobilization

it had

long
population in

ceased
its

to

rear.

of
be

the

refused
Russian

anything

The

but

Soviet

had

force, and that, as yet, unorganized,

very
enthusiasm
without
with
but
confidence, utterly unpractised in
of
warfare, consisting chiefly
who,
workmen,
natural,
as
was
were

the

first to

real

understand

what
27

it

was

they had

to

defend.

It

became

soon

Soviet

clear

that

serious

was

faced

Government

resistance
with

choice

quite unequal struggle, or to sign a peace

thought that the
they disapproved.
Many
best served
by their deaths, and were
ready
the

efficacy

secession
of

other

such

rhetorical

the

from

Russia

of

the

of

reached

countries

would

the

could

limited

be

done

territory,of

the

the

be

would

Soviet

had

as

by Russia, when, in his opinion, revolution

held
of the World
He
that, for the future
that

the
until

exhaustion

same

Lenin

would

continuation
such

time

Government,

as

as

reached

been

inevitable.

be

even

the

that

the

Revolution,

preservation,

be

doubted

believed

ensure

imperialistic groups

the

struggle by

would

war

of

revolution
die.

which

agreement
to

in

collapse

to

and

gesture,

The

impossible.

was

in

best

seriously

nucleus

of

lution,
revo-

possibilityof revolution, until that

should
when
the workers
of Russia
be
moment
joined by the
the majority first of
workers
of the world.
His opinion carried
then
the Executive
of the 4th All-Russian
Assembly.
Committee,
with
the
Russian
offer
The
to
Germans
a
sign peace
replied to
ironic
of
the
Russian
declaration
which
statement
was
an
parody
will not
Russians
had
The
but
Brest.
said, "We
at
sign peace,
''We
The
Germans
but
the war
is ended."
to peace,
said,
agree
the

illustration

an

as

continue."

shall

war

of the

moved
to Moscow
indeed, while the Soviet Government
the
the
Germans,
using in the south
pretext of the Ukrainian
Finnish
ment,
Governthat of the Bourgeois
Rada, and in the north
and
advanced
to the outlet of the Don,
through the Ukraine
And

in the
so,

as

north
I write

THE

whole

the

of
the

Soviets
move

the

to

now

October
Soviet

the

Russian

ALLIES.

THE

Revolution

the

on,

is the

of

deep roots
the working

attitude

of

the

has

when

it.
the
power

been

Whereas

the

the

majority was
only when
28

has

Bolsheviks

will

them, much

foresee.

Government
and

stands

matter

people,
conscious, responsible part

oppose

for

read

you

AND

the

that

fact

peasantry,

who

final

the

of

government

time

impossible

of

moment

of

The

Petrograd.

GOVERNMENT

the

From

it is

that

SOVIET

illustration

and

gates of
very
lines.
By the

these

happened

have

the

the

to

defeated

worked

best

natural
in

the

classes
ities
minor-

steadily in

against them, and made

that they had
assured
an

their
over-

see

their

in

Russia

that

prove

the

In

it. German

supported that anti-Soviet

efficacious, contribute
was
to

victorious

the

other.

Germans

to

to
gone
mistake.

the

share

our

from

in

in

of

bread

and

Russia

help

minority
coal

to

We

for

help

Germany
Sea

Coast
the

helped

we

that

iron

and

terventi
in-

Allies,

our

as

Black

the

for

the

far

so

obtaining

end

one

and

and

it inside

organization
destroyed

then

help. We,

Ukrainian

the

Ukrainian

secure

have

otherwise

helping

their

minority, and,

progress

In

Ukraine,

invited

they

months

German

bayonets,

the

of

that

government

six

for

stood

that

and

given,

movement
against
any
anti-Soviet
minorities
asked

Soviets

the

destroyed

many

opponents

by
the

received

be

not

has

Soviet

Ukraine

and

mock

The

unshaken

absolutely

Russia.

help should

such

it.

deserve

not

the

their

them,

in the Soviets, not even

not
hope of regaining power
from
itself, but in some
extraordinary intervention
the
Soviet
Government
for
foreign help against
By asking

they
more,

behind

Soviets

the

best

without.

do

in

majority

whelming

In

recuperate.
least moral

would

Finland

repeated
help to the
gave
the
Red
White
to
they were
Finns, simply because
opposed
Finns, who
supported by the Soviets, not realizing that the
were
we

White
of

Finns

the

Finland
enemy
mistake
cannot

Finns

which

external

bound

to

German
the

Russia

government

help,

and

will, for

that

take

help

be

American
Blockade

And,
that
obtain

of

the

apart

defea'i

the

in

the

of

Gennany
such
allow

the
is

command
her

to

in

be

only party

in

perpetual need

in
of

Government

that

Russia

of

and,

is

in

reciprocally,could

integral part

an

it,

Government

its protector.
Remember
Eastern
less
Europe,
no
is

the

for

beneath

mass

non-Soviet

any

be

geography,

Remember

socialistic

by Germany
as

will
reasons

the

Soviet

Navies,

Central
from

simple

that

welcomed

British

and

w^hich

of

the

of

regard Germany
revolutionary movement

run

defeat

Germany.

conscious

Remember

danger.
would

from

but

long

that

and

bound,

was

existence

mere

Russia

to

the

witnessed

we

autocracy,

serious

not

Germany,

by its socialistic nature, to be an

of imperialisticGermany.
Do
let us
the same
make
not
in Russia.
If the Allies
lend
help to any minority that
overthrow
the Soviets
without
them, they will be imposing
Free

on

of

Red

of

the -pawns

were

at

of

that
than
the

the
the

Allied

Empires.
immediate

business

seeking by

every
Russian

over

dictate

her

will
29

to

of

means,
resources

Russia's

the

ber
remem-

war,

open
as

and

secret,

will

in

people.

Remem-

the

that

ber

of

glad
to

give

Soviet

your

control

you

prevent

foreign

power.

do

indeed

things, if

"men

glad even
if only to
of a single

Russia

need,

you

to prompt
need, such selfish motives
you
who, if they fail, will fail from
having

not

be

resources,

within

dominion

ultimate

all these

Remember

her

of

part

some

over

that ominous

be

this, would

of
fully aware
Government,
co-operation, would
help, of your

the

I think

as

the

to

you

of

support

hoped

much.

too

his

is in

some
Every true man
sort, until
harden, the potential builder of a New

youth dies and his eyes

time
Jerusalem. At some
of us has dreamed
of laying his brick
in such
other, every one
or
that
builded
here
if this thing
is being
with
And
work.
a
even
have
ourselves
blood
is not
the golden city that
and
tears
we
of
it is still a thing to the sympathetic understanding
dreamed,
which
is bound
he owes
of us
each
to his own
one
by wliatever
all
the
each
And
if
each
of
nation,
more
one
youth.
us, then,
it owes
first daring days of its existence, when
to those
by what

all the

world

was

have
a

young

and

with

in

that
this letter

gratitude

with

have

hours

him

said.

I write

your

Emerson

own

to

whom

pen,

and

the

with

today,

not

stand

for

from

heaven

of

it; and

the
the

is the

over

America

now

who
to

edge
knowl-

is to

carry

that

much

say

w^aiting for

messenger

my

the

my

other, incoherent, incomplete as it

I will end
I began, with
a
as
tion
quota-

? you

shall

what

be

unproven

of

all the

newspapers,

first defame

at

dominion

with

Moscow
failed

I have

property,
power,
of every
new
thought, every
proceeds out
project, which
All

would

friends

of

to

scholar, what is the man

thought of his time?
new

every

who

their

is tlie

"What

course

my

leaves

man

now
or

men

break

America,

to

and
somehow
manuscript
end.
it
to an
is, must
bring
from

the

ica
Amer-

birth.

pride?

to

the

its presumptuous
in America
men

re-establish

to

and

speed

at

few

aid

were

those

Are

Well, writing

upon

there

foreign

in

nation.

back

would

askance

once,

brought

revolted

looks

looked

good

times, but

of

Have

but

asylum
opinion, every

; but

the

and

of
you

30

patron
untried
ing.
seek-

honest

will

to-day
who

hold

Everlasting,

highest compliment man

ever
him
its
to
disguised
sending

angels."

leisure,

and

will

pitality
hos-

for

you

the

tongues

is noble

for,

are

of
not
to

receives
and

credited
dis-

No
that

ask

them

only

shall

men

and

that

see

look
the

in which

way

resolutely turns

live

heart

those

.are

lights

who

only

surrounds

struggling, in the
lights which

those
is among
before
him
sees

other

men

libel that

somewhere

and

beyond

if

will

Soviet

the

made

have

he

which

from

clean
fail,
Russia,
they
for an
ideal which
clean
will
hearts, having striven
the less have
them.
Even
if they fail,they will none
in

Government
shields

among
These

away.

fog
they

struggle

honest

angels..

are

of

the

which

for

can

and
not

Bolsheviks

through

ideal

they

of

young
every man
the road, and
on

the

that

contends

one

must

fail

with

I can
daring than any other which
history more
remember
history of humanity.
They are writing it amid
all the meaner
showers
of mud
from
spiritsin their country, in
in my
and
the thing is over,
their
and
own.
But, when
yours
enemies
have
will
mud
vanish
like
black
the
triumphed,
magic

written

at

noon^

of
page
in the

that

and

glittering
Petrograd.
And

judge your
hindrance

in

page

the

when,

country

they

when

sun

in

gave

will be

after
and
to

white

as

looked

and

race

writing

of

May,

1918.

31

of

snows

my

that

Russia,
in

windows

page

mine, by

it.

ARTHUR

Moscow,

the

from

read

men

years,

mine, your
the

as

RANSOME.

they
the

will

help

or

TOCl"I^STDMO(il"
Devoted

Edited

L.

by

C.

Published

PRICE,

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WE

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Letter

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