Scheme of Study From Fall 2012 (Finial)

Previous
Scheme of Studies
Till Spring, 2012 Semester
Department of Mathematics and Statistics
Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences
International Islamic University, Islamabad
Scheme of Studies for BS in Mathematics (4-years)

1st Semester
GC-101
GC-I02
GC-I03
MATH 101
MATH 111
Functional English I
Introduction to the Use of Computer
Physics-I
Fundamentals of Mathematics
Calculus-I
2nd Semester
3
3
3
3
3
GC-I04
GC-105
GC-106
MATH 112
MATH 121
Functional English II
Physics-II
Introduction to Economics
Calculus-II
Introduction to Linear Algebra
3
3
3
3
3
15
15
rd
th
3 Semester
GC-107
GC-108
Basics of Academic Writing

Islamic Worldview and Civilization-I
4 Semester
3
3
GC-111
GC-112
Understanding of Quran -II

3
Islamic Worldview and Civilization-II 3
GC-109
Psychology
GC-110
Understanding of Quran-I
MATH 213 Calculus-III
MATH 231 Mechanics-I
3
3
3
3
GC-113
GC-114
MATH 232
MATH 241
Introduction to Law
3
Introduction to Management
3
Mechanics-II
3
Elementary Differential Equations with
Applications
3
18
18
6th Semester
5th Semester
GC-115
MATH 314
MATH 322
MATH 342
MATH 351
MATH 361
Computer Language-I
Advanced Calculus
Algebra-I
Ordinary Differential Equations
Differential Geometry-I
Complex Analysis
3
3
3
3
3
3
GC-116
GC-117
MATH 323
MATH 333
MATH 352
MATH 362
Computer Language-II
Pakistani Culture & Society
Linear Algebra
Analytical Mechanics
Introduction to Topology
Real Analysis
18
18
7th Semester
MATH 443
MATH 463
MATH 471
MATH 472
Elective-I
3
3
3
3
3
3
8th Semester
Partial Differential Equations

Functional Analysis-I
Numerical Analysis-I
Statistics and Probability-I
3
3
3
3
3
15
GC-118
Software Tools
MATH 473 Numerical Analysis-II
Elective-II
3
3
3
MATH 491 Project 1 or two electives

( IV & V )
15
Remarks:
At present the codes allotted to the general courses (GC) are temporary. The exact codes will be given with an
approval of concerned faculty or committee later on.
M. Sc in Mathematics
It will be a two years (4 semesters) 72 credit hours degree programme.
Eligibility: BA/B.Sc (14 years of schooling) from a recognized university with at least 50%
aggregate of marks having Mathematics as a major subject.
Scheme of Studies for M. Sc Mathematics
2nd Semester
Ist Semester
GC-110
MATH 314 Advanced Calculus
3
3
GC-111
GC-115
Understanding of Quran-II
Computer Language-I
3
3
MATH 322
MATH 342
MATH 351
MATH 361
Algebra-I
Complex Analysis
3
3
3
3
MATH 323
MATH 333
MATH 352
MATH 362
Linear Algebra
Introduction to Topology
Real Analysis
18
18
th
3rd Semester
GC-116
MATH 443
MATH 463
MATH 471
MATH 472
Elective-I
3
3
3
3
4 Semester
Computer Language-II
Numerical Analysis-I
Statistics and Probability-1
3
3
3
3
3
3
GC-118
Software Tools
MATH 473 Numerical Analysis-II
Elective-II
Elective-III
Elective-IV
Elective-V
18
3
3
3
3
3
3
18
List of Elective Courses BS/M.Sc. Mathematics

1. MATH 424 Elementary Number Theory
2. MATH 425 Algebra-II
3. MATH 434 Analytical Dynamics
4. MATH 435 Fluid Mechanics
5. MATH 444 Integral Equations
3
6. MATH 453 Advanced Topology

7. MATH 454 Algebraic Topology
8. MATH 455 Differential Geometry-II
9. MATH 456 Riemannian Geometry
10. MATH 457 Combinatorics and Graph Theory
11. MATH 464 Measure and Integration
12. MATH 465 Functional Analysis-II
13. MATH 474 Operations Research
14. MATH 475 Optimization Theory
15. MATH 476 Mathematical Modelling and Simulation
16. MATH 477 Statistics and Probability -II
17. MATH 481 Special Relativity
18. CS 111 Programming Fundamentals
19. CS 212 Data Structures and Algorithms
20. CS 314 Theory of Automata
21. CS 322 Computer Communications and Networks
22. CS 361 Computer Graphics
Note: Each Course-I shall be a pre-requisite for its Course-II.
MS/M.Phil in Mathematics
This will be a 2-4 years (4-8 semesters), 30 credit hours degree programme. Students will be
required to carry out 24 credit hours of course work in addition to 6 credit hours of thesis
work.
Eligibility:
To be eligible for selection as a Junior Research Assistant, a candidate:-
(i)
M.Sc. in Mathematics/BS in Mathematics/M.Sc Physics having 16 years

education with at least 60 % marks (annual system) or 2.5/4.0 GPA
(semester system) from a recognized institute / university.
(ii)
Should not have obtained 3rd division in F.A/F.Sc. B.A/B.Sc. M.A. or

M.Sc. provided that any of the conditions (i) and (ii) above may by relaxed
by the President in case of the teachers of the Universities/
colleges/research organizations nominated by them.
Scheme of Studies for MS/M.Phil in Mathematics

1st Semester
4 courses
2nd Semester
12 credit hours
3rd Semester
MATH 692 Project -I
4 courses
12 credit hours
4th Semester
3 credit hours
MATH 692 Project -II
3 credit hours
Details of MS/M. Phil programme are given in Procedure for regulating post graduate studies
in Department of Mathematics.
Ph.D. in Mathematics
This will be a 3 5 years research degree programme. Students having MS (18 years) and M.
Sc (16 years) education will be required to carry out 18 and 42 credit hours course work
respectively in addition to 9 credit hours of thesis work.
The student will have to complete all the requirement of HEC subject to the approval of
academic council of IIUI.
Eligibility:
(a)
(b)
To be eligible for selection as a Senior Research Assistant, a candidate:-
An M. Phil/MS degree or its equivalent to 18 years education in the relevant subject

from a recognized University.
M.Sc. in Mathematics/BS in Mathematics/M.Sc Physics with 16 years
education/MS or M. Phil with at least 65 % marks (annual system) or 3.0/4.0 CGPA
(semester system) from a recognized institute.
(c)
A college/university teacher or a member of the research staff of a Research

organization who has shown undoubted promise for research and holds M.A./M.Sc.
degree, may be recommended by the Admission Committee for admission to Ph.D.
programme.
Details of PHD programme are given in Procedure for regulating post graduate studies in
Department of Mathematics.
Electives Courses for MS/Ph. D. in Mathematics

MATH 526 Ring and Modules-I
MATH 527 Ring and Modules - II
MATH 528 Advanced Linear Algebra
MATH 529 Lie Algebras
6
MATH 536 Newtonian Fluids

MATH 537 Advanced Analytical Dynamics-I
MATH 538 Advanced Analytical Dynamics-II
MATH 539 Non-Newtonian Fluids
MATH 545 Advanced Integral Equations
MATH 546 Advanced Partial Differential Equations
MATH 547 Mathematical Techniques for Boundary Value Problems
MATH 548 Group Theoretic Methods
MATH 549 Perturbation Methods
MATH 558 Topological Vector Spaces
MATH 559 Fixed Point Theory and Applications
MATH 566 Advanced Functional Analysis
MATH 567 Advanced Real Analysis
MATH 568 Advanced Complex Analysis
MATH 569 Advanced Numerical Analysis
MATH 577 Numerical Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations
MATH 578 Numerical Solutions of Partial Differential Equations
MATH 579 Advanced Optimization Theory
MATH 582 Magneto hydrodynamics-I
MATH 583 Magneto hydrodynamics-II
MATH 584 Electrodynamics-I
MATH 585 Electrodynamics-II
MATH 586 General Relativity
MATH 587 Spectrum Methods in Fluid Dynamics
MATH 588 Thermodynamics I
MATH 589 Thermodynamics II
MATH 692 Project I & II
(MS dissertation: 03 credit hours +03 credit hours = 06 credit hours)
MATH 792 Topics in Algebra
MATH 793 Topics in Mechanics
MATH 794 Topics in Differential Equations
MATH 795 Topics in Topology
MATH 796 Topics in Analysis
MATH 897 Topics in Computational Math
MATH 898 Topics in Applied Mathematics
MATH 993 Project (PhD Seminar)
MATH 994 Project (PhD Thesis) (4 credit hours +5 credit hours)
7
Revised
Scheme of Studies
From Fall, 2012 Semester to onward
Department of Mathematics and Statistics
Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences
International Islamic University, Islamabad
Scheme of Studies of BS Mathematics (4 years)

1st Semester
GC-101
GC-102
GC-I03
MATH 101
MATH 102
Functional English I
Physics-I
Calculus-I
2nd Semester
3
3
3
3
3
GC-I04
GC-105
GC-106
MATH 103
MATH 104
Functional English II
Physics-II
Introduction to the Use of Computer
Calculus-II
Introduction to Linear Algebra
3
3
3
3
3
15
15
3rd Semester
GC-107
GC-108
GC-109
GC-110
MATH 201
MATH 202

Physics-III
Understanding of Quran II
Calculus-III
Mechanics
4th Semester
3
3
3
3
3
3
GC-111
GC-112
GC-113
18
MATH 204
3
GC-114
MATH 203
Introduction to Economics
3
Islamic Worldview and Civilization-II 3
Introduction to Law
Psychology
Elementary number theory and
Combinatorics
Elementary Differential Equations
with Applications
3
3
3
18
th
th
6 Semester
5 Semester
GC-115
MATH 301
MATH 302
MATH 303
MATH 304
MATH 305

Advanced Calculus
Linear Algebra
Set Topology
Complex Analysis
3
3
3
3
3
3
GC-116
GC-117
MATH 306
MATH 307
MATH 308
MATH 309
Software Tools
Computer Language-I
Group Theory
Real Analysis
3
3
3
3
3
3
18
18
th
8th Semester
7 Semester
MATH 401
MATH 402
MATH 403
MATH 404
Numerical Method s
Statistics & Probability-I
Elective-I
3
3
3
3
3
GC-118
MATH 400
Discrete Structures
Elective-II
Elective-III
Project 1 or two electives
( IV & V )
3
3
3
6
15
15
Scheme of Studies of M.Sc Mathematics (2 years)

2nd Semester
1st Semester
GC-101
MATH 301
MATH 302
MATH 303
MATH 304
MATH 305
Advanced Calculus
Linear Algebra
Set Topology
Complex Analysis
3
3
3
3
3
3
GC-116
GC-117
MATH 306
MATH 307
MATH 308
MATH 309
Software Tools
Computer Language-I
Group Theory
Real Analysis
3
3
3
3
3
3
18
18
rd
3 Semester
4th Semester
10
GC-110
MATH 401
MATH 402
MATH 403
MATH 404
Understanding of Quran-II
Numerical Methods
Statistics & Probability-I
Elective-I
3
3
3
3
3
3
GC-118
Discrete Structures
Elective-II
Elective-III
Elective-IV
Elective-V
Elective-VI
3
3
3
3
3
3
18
18
List of Elective Courses BS/M.Sc. Mathematics

1. MATH-406
2. MATH-425
3. MATH-435
4. MATH-409
5. MATH-410
6. MATH-411
7. MATH-412
8. MATH-416
9. MATH-417
10. MATH-421
11. MATH 425
12. MATH-426
13. MATH-427
14. MATH-428
15. MATH-434
16. MATH 434
17. MATH 435
18. MATH 444
19. MATH 453
20. MATH 454
21. MATH 455
22. MATH 456
23. MATH 457
24. MATH 464
25. MATH 465
26. MATH 474
27. MATH 475
28. MATH 476
29. MATH 477
30. MATH 481
31. CS 111
32. CS 212
33. CS 314
34. CS 322
35. CS 361
Continuous Groups
Fluid Mechanics-II
Fuzzy Logics
Advanced Group Theory
Theory of Modules
Decomposition of Modules
Galois Theory
Algebraic Geometry
Algebraic Systems and Coding Theory
Quantum Mechanics
Rings and Fields
Elasticity Theory
Electromagnetism
Theory of Manifolds
Group Algorithms Programming
Analytical Dynamics
Fluid Mechanics-I
Integral Equations
Advanced Topology
Algebraic Topology
Differential Geometry-II
Riemannian Geometry
Combinatorics and Graph Theory
Measure and Integration
Functional Analysis-II
Operations Research
Optimization Theory
Mathematical Modelling and Simulation
Statistics and Probability -II
Special Relativity
Programming Fundamentals
Data Structures and Algorithms
Theory of Automata
Computer Communications and Networks
Computer Graphics
11
Scheme of Studies for MS Mathematics Programs

1st Semester
4 Courses
2nd Semester
12 credit hours
4 courses
3rd Semester
MATH 600
Project I
12 credit hours
4th Semester
3 credit hours
MATH 600
Project II
3 credit hours
Eligibility:
M.Sc/BS-(4years) (Mathematics or Physics) with minimum CGPA 2.50/4.00 or

60% marks in annual system and appropriate NTS/GAT (General) with
minimum 50% score.
List of Core Courses for MS Mathematics Programs
1.
2.
3.
4.
MATH 501
MATH 502
MATH 503
MATH 504
Advanced Mathematical Analysis

Advanced Partial Differential Equations
Advanced Linear Algebra
Advanced Mathematical Methods
12
List of Elective Courses for MS Mathematics Programs

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
MATH 505
MATH 506
MATH 507
MATH 508
MATH 509
MATH 510
MATH 511
MATH 512
MATH 513
MATH 514
MATH 515
MATH 516
MATH 551
MATH 552
MATH 553
MATH 554
MATH 555
MATH 556
MATH 557
MATH 601
MATH 602
MATH 603
MATH 604
MATH 651
MATH 652
MATH 653
MATH 654
MATH 655
MATH 656
Semigroup Theory
Theory of Group Actions
Theory of Several Complex Variables
Topological Vector Spaces
Loop Groups
Nilpotent and Soluble Groups
Commutative Algebra
Banach Algebras
Lie Algebras
Spectral Theory in Hilbert Spaces
Heat and Mass Transfer
Introduction to Modeling and Simulation
Newtonian Fluids
Advanced Integral Equation
Numerical Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations
Electrodynamics
General Relativity
Elastodynamics
Plasma Theory
Variational Inequalities
Theory of Complex Manifolds
C *-Algebras
Von Neumann Algebras
Perturbation Methods
Numerical Solutions of Partial Differential Equations
Cosmology
Solid Mechanics
Numerical Optimization
The Classical Theory of Fields
MATH 600
MS dissertation (06 credit hours)
13
Scheme of Studies for Ph.D Mathematics Programs

1st Semester
3 Courses
2nd Semester
9
3 Courses
3rd Semester
MATH 800
Ph.D. Thesis
4th Semester
9
MATH 800
Ph.D. Thesis
5th Semester
MATH 800
Ph.D. Thesis
6th Semester
9
MATH 800
Ph.D. Thesis
Eligibility:
18 years of education in Mathematics with minimum CGPA 3.00/4.00 or 65%

marks in annual system. GRE/GAT (Subject) with minimum 60% score.
Details of PHD program are given in Procedure for regulating post graduate studies in
Department of Mathematics.
List of Core Courses for Ph.D. Mathematics Programs
1.
2.
MATH 801
MATH 802
Advances in Analysis
Advanced Perturbation Methods
14
List of Elective Courses for MS/PhD Mathematics Program

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
MATH 701
MATH 702
MATH 703
MATH 704
MATH 705
MATH 706
MATH 707
MATH 708
MATH 709
MATH 710
MATH 711
MATH 712
MATH 713
MATH 714
MATH 751
MATH 752
MATH 753
MATH 754
MATH 755
MATH 756
MATH 757
MATH 758
MATH 759
MATH 760
MATH 761
MATH 762
MATH 763
MATH 764
MATH 765
MATH 766
MATH 767
MATH 768
MATH 769
MATH 770
Near Rings
Advanced Ring Theory-I
Fixed Point Theory
Commutative Semigroup Rings
Homological Algebras
Representation of Finite Algebra and Quivers
Theory of Semirings
Ordered Vector Spaces
Banach Lattices
Approximation Theory
Topological Algebras
Fuzzy Algebra
Algebraic Number Theory
Hopf Algebra and Quantum Groups
Advanced Analytical Dynamics-I
Non-Newtonian Fluids
Mathematical Techniques for Boundary Value Problems
Group Theoretic Methods
Advanced Numerical Analysis
Advanced Optimization Theory
Magnetohydrodynamics
Advanced Electrodynamics
Stochastic Processes
Multivariate Methods and Analysis
Nonlinear Differential Equation
Advanced Plasma Theory
Convective Heat Transfer: Viscous Fluids
Finite Elements Analysis
Momentum and Thermal Boundary Layer Theory
Astrophysics
Advanced Elastodynamics
Statistical Mechanics
Advanced Quantum Theory
Nonlinear Waves
15
List of Elective Courses for PhD Mathematics Program

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
MATH 803
MATH 804
MATH 805
MATH 806
MATH 807
MATH 808
MATH 809
MATH 810
MATH 811
MATH 812
MATH 813
MATH 814
MATH 815
MATH 816
MATH 851
MATH 852
MATH 853
MATH 854
MATH 855
MATH 856
MATH 857
MATH 858
MATH 859
MATH 860
MATH 861
MATH 862
MATH 863
MATH 864
MATH 865
MATH 866
MATH 867
LA-Semigroups
Advanced Analytical Dynamics-II
Advanced Magnetohydrodynamics
Spectral Methods in Fluid Dynamics
Advanced Semigroup Theory
Advanced Near Rings
Theory of Group Graphs
Advanced Ring Theory-II
Non-Standard Analysis
Numerical Ranges of Operators on Normal Spaces
Strict Convexity
Advanced Commutative Algebra
Advanced Homological Algebra
Advanced Theory of Semirings
Advanced Heat Transfer
Convective Heat Transfer: Porous Media
Advanced Finite Elements Analysis
Advanced Multivariate Methods and Analysis
Robotics
Group Analysis of Partial Differential Equations
Advanced Nonlinear Differential Equations
Modeling and Simulation of Dynamical Systems
Topics in Fluid Mechanics
Topics in Mechanics
Topics in Differential Equations
Topics in Computational Mathematics
Topics in Applied Mathematics
Topics in Algebra
Topics in Topology
Topics in Analysis
Topics in Complex Analysis
MATH 800
PhD Thesis (9 credit hours)
16
Scheme of Studies and Course Contents of BS/M.Sc Mathematics programs

GC-102
Functional English-I
To provide language support to mixed ability groups of students form
different faculties. To cater to their deficiencies especially in advanced
level grammar related to structure and style. To expose them to reading
strategies of deal with a variety of reading texts, especially in their own
area of studies. To help them improve their vocabulary to cope with
specific texts in English. To equip them with good paragraph writing skills
to form strong paragraphs and provide foundation for essay writing.
Course Contents
. English has three main components:
. Reading.
27 hours
. Paragraph Writing and Introduction to essay writing
12 hours
. Grammar, structure and style
09 hours
Total:
48 hours
Reading: Nine units have been allocated for reading. The units consist of a
variety long and short text from different fields of studies. The rich
vocabulary, from simple to complex concepts in the texts makes them
good reading texts.
List of reading texts
Getting to know your book
The true student
Self-discipline and studies
How to help hard of hearing
Learning to see
What do you know about nutrition
Social factors that shape up our lives
Bread and Cireus
Doodles
Writing
Introduction to paragraph writing.
Writing descriptive paragraphs
Writing narrative paragraphs
Writing process paragraphs
Writing expository paragraphs with emphasis on the following:
. Cause and effect
17
. Comparison and contrast

. Situation-problem-solution
Grammar, Structure and Style
. Any grammar deficiency found in students as a class
. Simple, compound and complex sentence structures
. Coordination
. Parallelism
. Fragments
. Style: choice of words, positioning of the subject, length of sentence
repetition etc.
Recommended Books:
A course book with the above-mentioned objectives and contents has
been developed by the syllabus designing committee especially
constituted for this purpose by the Dean (FLL & II).
GC-103
Physics-I
Objectives:
This course sets the foundation of undergraduate physics. The students
will be able to know about the basic concepts of charge, matter, electric
field and electric potential.
Course Outline:
Vector and scalar field, differential and integral vector analysis. Electric
charge, Electric field, Electric dipole, continuous charge distribution, line
and surface integrals, Gauss's law and its application, conductors and
insulators.
Electrostatic force and electric potential: Potential due to discrete and
continuous charge distribution. Poissons and Laplace equation, capacitors
and dielectrics, DC circuits: Kirchhoff's laws, loop analysis and network
theorems, RC circuit.
Recommended Books:
1. Raymond A. Serway and John W. Jewett, Jr., Physics for Scientists
and Engineers. Vol. 2. 6th Ed Belmont, CA: Thomson-Brooks/Cole,
c2004.
2. Theodore F. Bogart, Jr., Electric Circuits, McGraw-Hill.
3. Halliday, D., Resnick, R., and Krane, K. S., Physics Vol II, John Wiley
and Sons. 5th ed 2004.
4. Cutnell and Johnson, Physics. John Wiley and Sons 6th edition.
5. Giancoli, D., Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Prentice Hall Inc.,
1988.
6. Serway, R. A., Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Saunders Golden
Sunburst Series.
7. Young Hugh D. and Freedman, Roger A., University Physics, Addison
Wesiey, 2003.
8. Purcell, E. M. Electricity and Magnetism, Berkeley Physics Course.
Vol. II 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math,
1984.
9. Griffiths, D. J. Introduction to Electrodynamics, 3rd ed. Upper Saddler
River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998.
18
GC-104
Functional EnglishII
To provide students reading skills and strategies to help them in reading
their subject specified materials. To enhance their writing skills form
simple paragraph to full y developed essay. To equip them with writing
skills e.g. summary writing, job appellations, resume writing , which serve
a practical purpose in professional life. To expose them to texts rich in
vocabulary and varied in context.
Course Contents
English II has four components:
. Reading.
. Essay Writing
. Summary writing
. Job Application, resumes/C.Vs
27 hours
09 hours
06 hours
06 hours
48 hours
Total:
Reading
Nine units have been allocated for reading . They are based on
informative and interesting texts form different fields of life like
education ,sports, health and society. The texts are exploited to help
students learn reading strategies.
List of Reading Texts
The Book of Knowledge
Listening faults
Sports and war
The miracle of Zam Zam
Not just a parrot talk
The weather and how you feel
How to build a healthy response to stress
Social factors that shape our lives
To paint a portrait of a bird (poem)
Essay Writing.
. Different parts of essay: Introduction, body, and conclusion, how
each part is developed and linked
. Descriptive essays
. Expository essays
. Argumentative essays
Summary Writing
. Writing summaries of descriptive, expository and argumentative
texts
. Whats summary writing
. Locating main and important supporting details
. Looking for irrelevant details
. Structure and style wherever necessary
Job Applications
. Types of job applications
. Format
. Language and style in job applications
Recommended Books
19
A course book with the above-mentioned objectives and contents has

been developed syllabus designing committee especially constituted for
this purpose by the dean (FLL & H).
GC-105
Physics-II:
Objectives:
After the completion of the course, the students will be able to;
Apply the basic laws of electricity and magnetism.
Solve problem concerning motion and distribution of charge.
Learn fundamental principles of electromagnetism to continue to
develop solid and systematic problems skill.
Course Outline:
Magnetic fields, moving charge in a magnetic field, magnetic force,
Lorentz force,, Amperes law, vector potential, Biot Savart law,
applications of Ampere and Biot Savart law, magnetic properties of
matter, Gauss's Law for Magnetism, differential form, concepts of
conservation of magnetic flux, Differential form of Gausss Law. Origin of
Atomic and Nuclear magnetism, Basic ideas. Bohr Magneton.
Magnetization, Defining M, B, . Magnetic Materials, Paramagnetism,
Diamagnetism, Ferromagnetism- Discussion. Hysteresis in Ferromagnetic
materials. Faradays law, Lenzs law, mutual and self induction, LR
Circuits, Undriven RLC circuit, phasor representation of driven AC Circuits,
impedance, power and energy,filters, quality factor and resonance,
displacement
current,
Maxwell's
Equations,
wave
equations,electromagnetic radiation.
Recommended Books:
1. Purcell, E. M., Electricity and Magnetism, Berkeley Physics Course,
Vol. 2. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math,
august 1, 1984.
2. Halliday, D., Resnick, R., and Krane, K. S., Pysics Vol II, John wiley
and Sons. 5th ed. 2004.
3. Cutnell and Johnson, Physics, John Wiley and Sons 6th edition.
4. Giancoli, D., Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Prentice Hall Inc.,
1988.
5. Serway, R. A., Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Saunders golden
Sunburst Series.
6. Young Hugh D., and Freedman, Roger A., University Physics, Addison
Wesley, 2003.
7. Griffiths, D. J., Introduction to Electrodynamics 3 rd ed. Upper Saddler
River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998.
GC-106 Introduction to Economics
Nature, scope and importance of Economics, Microeconomics versus
Macroeconomics,
Scarcity and choice, Commodities ( goods and
services). In come and resources, Opportunity costs, Factors of production.
Production possibility frontier.
Demand, Supply and Equilibrium: Concepts of demand and supply. Laws of
demand and supply, Market equilibrium . Shifts in demand and supply
curves and price determination, Concept of elasticity: Own-price Income
20
elasticity and Cross-price Elasticity of Demand, Price elasticity of supply.

Importance and determinants of elasticity.
Consumers Behavior: Utility Theory. Consumers preferences and utility
function, Laws of increasing and diminishing marginal utility .
Classification of goods ( Normal and Inferior goods).
Theory of the Firm: Factors of production and their rewards, Total,
average. And marginal products. Laws of returns. Cost of production. Total,
average, and marginal costs, Revenues of a firm: Total , average, and
marginal revenues, Concept of profit maximization and Cost minimization,
Form and Industry.
Market Structure: Theory of Exchange, Classification of markets,
Competitive markets, Imperfect competition: Monopoly. Monopolistic .
Price and Output determination under different markets.
National Income: Concepts of national income, GDP & GNP, Real vs.
Nominal income, Per capita income, Measurement of national income,
Saving and Personal Consumption.
Money and Banking: Definition of money, Demand for and supply of
money. Commercial banking system, Role of the Central Bank. The
exchange rate and need for foreign currency.
Public Finance: The need for government, Provision of public goods, Public
revenues. Forms and kinds of taxes, Heads of Public expenditure, Budget
and deficit financing.
Macroeconomic Issues: Concept of inflation, unemployment, Balance of
payment, Exchange rate and Business cycles, Role of Public Policies in the
economy ( Monetary, Fiscal , Commercial and Labour Policies): Brief
discussion.
Recommended Books
1. Michel Parkin-Economics-5th Ed. (2004). Addision Wesley.

2. Samualson and Nordhaus- Economics-18th Ed. (2004)- McGraw Hill, Inc.
3. Lipsey and Crystal Economics- (1999) Oxford University Press.
GC-107
Introduction to Basic Academic Writing
Structure and Cohesion
Description, process, procedure & physical
Narrative, Definitions, Exemplification, and classifications.
Comparison and contrast, cause and effect.
Interpretation of Data.
Academic style.
Proofreading.
Surveys Questionnaires and projects.
Presentations
Short presentations using overhead projector and audio visual aids
Introduction to public speaking
Skills involved in presenting
Making a good presentation
Longer presentations using multi-media based on deeper research project
of
Academic nature. 7- 10 mins. For final project.
Language difficulties and types of error
Correction code
21
Research Reports.
Recommended Books
1. Academic Writing Course, R.R Jordan. ( Longman)
GC-108
Introduction to the course, introduction to the Islamic culture and
civilization, fundamental sources of Islamic civilization, role of civilization
in human society, distinguished aspects of islamic civilization, impact of
Islamic civilization upon the world, the world before the advent of the
prophet.(s.a.w), outstanding aspects about the biography of prophet
(p.b.u.h), status of women in the light of search of prophet (p.b.u.h),
history of the Holy Quran, compilation of hadith, nature of the creator,
nature of the creature , eschatology (end of the world).
Recommended Books
1. The emergence of islam, lectures on the development of islamic
worldview, intellectual tradition and polity by Mohammad
hamidullah.
2. English and islam: a clash of civilization by Ratnawati mohd Asraf,
international islamic university Malaysia.
3. What happened in history (penguin, 1942) and man makes himself by
Gordon chide, V.
4. Decline of the west perspectives of world history Spengler, oswald, (1919).
5. Islam the natural way of life by Abdul Hamid Abdul Wahid.
6. Islam and the world (S. Abul hasan Ali Nadvi)
7. Islam between east and west (Alija Izat)
8. Islamic resurgence (Pro. Khurshid Ahmad)
9. Clash of civilization (Huntington)
10.Internet (islamonline.net , sultan.org, soundvision.net, islamweb.net)
GC-109
Physics-III
Objectives:
After the completion of the course, the students will be able to;
State the relationship between temperature and heat.
Analyze thermodynamic charges using law of thermodynamics.
Use equation of state and simple kinematic energy in solving
problems.
Apply the laws of thermodynamics to real world.
Course Outline:
Heat transfer mechanisms, Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics. First law,
Second law: Entropy, Third law of thermodynamics Ideal gas and
temperature, Thermodynamic potentials and Internal energy, Free
energies, Euler and Gibbs-Duhem, The Gibbs Equation, Entropy Changes,
Maxwell relations, Response functions, Relations between partial
derivatives, Conditions for equilibrium, Stability requirements on other fee
energies, Phase transitions, Phase diagrams, Clausius-Clapeyron relation,
Multi-phase boundaries, Binary phase diagram, Van der Waals equation of
state,
Recommended Books:
22
1. Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics Richard E. Sonntag,

Claus Borgnakke and Gordon V. Van Wylen., 6 th ed., John Wiley &
Sons, 1988.
2. Thermodynamics: Processes and Applications: Jr., Earl Logan
fundamentals of Thermodynamics, Richard E. Sunntag, Claus
Borgnakke, Gordon J. Van Wylen.
3. Thermodynamics, Henri J. F. Jansen, 2003.
4. Michael J. Moran and Howard N. Shapiro. Fundamentals of
Engineering Thermodynamics. John wiley & Sons. (any edition)
5. Yunus A. Cengel and Michael A. Boles. Thermodynamics, an
Engineering Approach. McGraw-Hill. (any edition)
GC-111
Introduction to Management
Introduction to management, evolution of management theory, ethics, social
Responsibility and external environment of organizations, planning and decision
making,
Strategic planning, problem solving and decision making, operations
management and Productivity, organizing for stability and change,
coordination and organizational design, Authority, delegation, and
decentralization. Staffing and human resource management, Managing
organizational change and development, managing organizational conflict
and
Creativity, motivation, performance and satisfaction. Leadership, groups
and committees.
Interpersonal and organizational communication. Effective controlling ,
financial control methods and international management, approaches to
management, effective decision making the planning Process, organizing
for action, organizing individuals, human resources, copying with Change,
self management, group
dynamics, communication, motivation,
leadership, Concepts
of control, managing information systems,
presentations. What is entrepreneurship, financial plane, fund generation,
legal aspects.
Recommended Books
1.
Management by Robins S. 5th ed. Prentice-Hall, 1998.
2.
Management by Harold Koontz and Heinz Weihrich M. by Mc
Graw Hill 1998.
3. Management by James A. F. Stoner and Charles Wankel by PrenticeHill, 1986.
4. Entrepreneurship and new venture formation by Thomas W.
Zimmerer and Norman M. Scarvocough by Printice-HAall
International, 1996.
GC-112
Islamic Worldview and Civilization-II
Salient features of islam, functions of devine deen, introduction of muslim
ummah purpose & qualities, decline of mulsim ummah, challenges of
muslim ummah in contemporary world, rise of muslim ummah and its
distinguished qualities, a plea for science in the muslim culture,
achievements of muslims in the field of science, social and family system
of islam, introduction of muslim minorities, statues of muslim women &
issue of hijab, statues of Non muslims in islamic states, jihad
introduction ,importance and relevant conditions, caliphate of man, duties
of caliph (head of state),introduction of sharia & fundamental sources of
islamic law, clash of civilization myth of reality, challenges and future of
23
islamic civilization in contemporary world.

Recommended Books
1. The emergence of islam, lectures on the development of islamic
worldview, intellectual tradition and polity by Mohammad
hamidullah.
2. English and islam: a clash of civilization by Ratnawati mohd Asraf,
international islamic university Malaysia.
3. What happened in history (penguin, 1942) and man makes himself
by Gordon chide, V.
4. Decline of the west perspectives of world history Spengler, oswald,
(1919).
5. Islam the natural way of life by Abdul Hamid Abdul Wahid.
6. Islam and the world (S. Abul hasan Ali Nadvi)
7. Islam between east and west (Alija Izat)
8. Islamic resurgence (Pro. Khurshid Ahmad)
9. Clash of civilization (Huntington)
10.Internet (islamonline.net , sultan.org, soundvision.net, islamweb.net)
GC-113
Introduction to Law
A brief study of basic principles of Law and legal theory coupled with
comparative
Islamic doctrines will
enable students to have a grass root level
comprehension of
the discipline itself. It will develop legal acumen and in-depth capability to
Comprehend basic rules of Law & Society with particular reference to
theoretical
perspective.
Introduction:
I.
Definitions:
(a)
Scope
(b)
State & Law
(c)
Advantages & Disadvantages of Law
II.
Source of Law:
a.
Western
(i)
Legislation
(ii)
Precedent
(iii) Custom
Islamic
(i)
Primary Sources
Quran
Sunnah
(ii)
Secondary Sources
Ijthihad
Ijma-Qiyas
Istehsan Istidlal
III.
Classification of Law
24
(i)
(ii)
Kinds of Law
Public Law, Private Law
Recommended Books
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Jurisprudence by John Salmond.

Early Development of Islamic Jurisprudence by Dr. Ahmad Hassan.
Text Book of Jurisprudence by G.W. Paton.
Islamic Jurisprudence by Imran Ahsan Nyazee
Jurisprudence by W.N. Hibbert.
GC-114
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Psychology
Introduction & Methods of Psychology Nature and Application of

Psychology with special reference to Pakist
Historical Background and Schools of Psychology (A Brief Survey)
Observation
Case History Method
Experimental
Survey Method
Interviewing Techniques
Sensation, Perception and Attention sensation
Characteristics and Major Functions of Different Sensation

Vision: Structure and functions of the Eye.
Audition: Structure and functions of the Ear.
Perception
Nature of Perception
Factors of Perception: Subjective, Objective and Social
Kinds of Perception:
Spatial Perception (Perception of Depth and Distance)
Temporal Perception; Auditory Perception.
Attention
Factors, Subjective and Objective
Span of Attention
Fluctuation of Attention
Distraction of Attention (Causes and Control)
3. Motives
Definition and Nature
Classification
Primary (Biogenic) Motives: Hunger, Thirst, Defection and Urination,
Fatigue, Sleep, Pain, Temperature, Regulation, Maternal Behavior, Sex.
Secondary (Sociogenic) Motives: Play and Manipulation, Exploration and
Curiosity, Affiliation ,Achievement and Power, Competition, Cooperation
Social Approval and Self Actualization.
4. Emotions
Definition and Nature
Physiological changes during Emotions (Neural, Cardial,
Visceral, Glandular), Galvanic Skin Response; Pupilliometrics
25
Theories of Emotion
James Lange Theory; Cannon-Bard Theory
Schachter- Singer Theory
5. Learning & Memory
Definition of Learning
Types of Learning: Classical and Operant Conditioning
Methods of Learning: Trial and Error: Learning by Insight;
Observational Learning
Nature of Memory
Memory Processes: Retention, Recall and recognition
Forgetting: Nature and Causes
6. Thinking
Definition of Nature
Tools of Thinking: Imagery; Language; Concepts
Kinds of Thinking
Problem Solving; Decision Making; Reasoning
7. Personality
Definition
Development of Personality: Biological and Environmental Factors
Recommended Books
1.
2.
3.
4.
Atkinson R.C., & Smith E. E. (2000) . Introduction to Psychology (13th ed),

Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
Hayes, N. (2000) Foundation of Psychology (3trd ed), Thomson Learning.
Lahey, B.B. (2004) to Psychology: An introduction (8th ed). Mc Graw Hill
Companies, Inc.]
5. Leahey, T.H. (1992)
A history of Psychology : Main Current in
Psychological
6. Myers, D.G. (1992) Psychology: (3trd
ed), New York: Wadsworth
Publishers.
7. Glassman, W.E. (2000). Approaches to psychology. Open University Press.
8. Lahey, B.B. (2004). Psychology: An introduction (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc.
9. Myers, D.G. (1992) Psychology: (3trd
ed), New York: Wadsworth
Publishers.
10.Ormord, J E.. (1995). Educational psychology: Developing learners Prentice
GC-115
Land and People : Physical Features of Pakistan (location, mountains and
rivers, climate, mineral recourses). Language and culture. Religions of
people and minorities. Relations with neighboring communities, with
special reference to the Middle East and newly independent republics of
Central Asia.
Historical and Ideological perspective : Advent of Islam in South Asia. Role
of the Muslim Empire and the intellectuals in spreading the message of
Islam. A short review of the Muslim rule (from 712 to 1857). The decline of
the Muslim rule and rise of British colonialism. Muslims efforts to maintain
their socio-political identity with reference to the Aligarh Movement and
other educational movement. Two-Nation Theory and its elaboration by
the stalwarts like Sayyid Ahmad Khan and the leaders of All India Muslim
League (Iqbal, Quaid-I-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and others). Political
and Constitutional developments : Pakistan at the time of independence.
26
Political and constitutional developments. Comparative study of the

constitution of 1956, 1962 and 1973. The amendments in the 1973
constitution.
Achievements and failures : Education. Democratic traditions. Social
welfare. Health care. Development of human resources. Economy.
Recommended Books
1. Following books or their more recent equivalents or manuals, magazines

and journals articles, at the discretion of the instructor:
2. Afzal Iqbal, Islamization of Pakistan.
3. Govt. of Pakistan, Handbook about Pakistan.
4. Kennedy, C., Islamization of Laws and Economy: Case Studies on Pakistan
(Islamabad, 1967).
5. Qureshi, I.H. (ed.), A Short History of Pakistan (Karachi, 1967).
GC-116 Software Tools

Introduction to Matlab and Mathematica and how these can be used to
solve problems in algebra, calculus, linear algebra, statistics and
differential equations.
Recommended Books
1. Getting started with MATLAB7: A quick introduction for Scientists &

Engineers, by Rudra Pratap.
2. A guide to MATLAB: for beginners and experienced users, by Hunt /
Lipsman / Rosenberg.
3. The Mathematica Book, Fourth Edition by Stephen Wolfram.
4. Schaums outline of Mathematica, by Eugene Don.
GC-117
Computer language-I
Historical background, IDE, character set, variables, constants, data types,
input/output, arithmetic operators, logical operators, bit wise operators.
comments, casting, preprocessor directives, decision control statements,
loops, functions, external variables, storage classes, recursion, command
line arguments, arrays, strings, and pointers, structures, array of
structures, unions, files, character display memory, attribute byte, bit
field, equipment list word, graphics, handling larger programs.
Recommended Books
1. Following books or their more recent equivalents, manuals, computer

magazines and journals articles, at the discretion of the instructor:
2. Turbo C Programming for PC by Robert Lafore.
GC-118
Discrete Structures:
Objectives:
After successful completion, the students will be able to;
Understand clear thinking and creative problem solving.
Thoroughly train in construction and understanding of mathematical
proofs.
Exercise common mathematical arguments and proof strategies.
Cultivate sense of familiarity and ease in the working with
mathematical notations and common concepts in discrete
mathematics.
Course Outline:
27
Introduction to logic, quantifiers and conditional statements; proofs, valid

and invalid arguments, Predicates and quantified statements; arguments
with quantified statements, Direct proofs; counterexamples; quotientremainder theorem; floor and ceiling functions; irrationality of some
square roots; infinitude of primes, Mathematical Induction, Strong
induction, Set Theory; set properties; partitions; power sets, Recursively
defined sequences; solving recurrences by iteration, Big Oh notation;
efficiency of algorithms; exponential and logarithmic functions, Relations;
equivalence relations, finite state automata, partial order relations, Trees,
Graphs and graph theory.
Recommended Books:
1. Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications by (K. Rosen)
2. Discrete Mathematics with Applications by Susanna S.
3. Bernard Kolman; Discrete Mathematical structures, 4th ed.
MATH-101
Overview of basic number theory and basic set theory, binary relations, functions, injective,
surjective and bijective functions, inverse image of a function, inverse of a function,
composition of functions, denumerable, non-denumerable, countable and uncountable sets,
partial order relations and equivalence relations, counting the combinations or permutations
of a set. The Inclusion-Exclusion Principle. Mathematical induction and the well-ordering
principle. Complex numbers System, polar form of complex number, De Moivers Theorem.
Exponentional, Trigonometric, Hyperbolic and Logarithmic functions of complex numbers,
complex powers, summation of series. Metric space, open and closed balls, open and closed
sets. Binary operations, groups, subgroups, cyclic groups and cosets.
Recommended Books
1. Sets: Naive, Axiomatic and Applied by D. van Dalen, H.C. Doets and H.
Deswart, Published by Pergamon Press, 1978
2. Finite Mathematics with Applications by A.W. Goodman and J. S. Ratli,
Published by Macmillan Publishing Co.
3. Fraleigh J.B., A first course in Algebra (Addison-Wesley 1982).
4. James W.B., Churchill R.V., Complex variables and applications (Mc-Graw
Hill).
MATH-102 Calculus-I
Real numbers system, algebra of real valued functions and their graphs,
Limits, continuity, differentiation, Applications of derivatives, mean value
Theorems, Maxima and Minima, Concavity, singular points, Higher order
derivatives and Leibniz Rule. Techniques of Integration. Properties of
definite integral, Fundamental Theorem of integral Calculus, Improper
Integrals, Reduction Formulas, Applications of definite integral,
Quadrature, Area in polar coordinates, Lengths of arcs.
Recommended Books
5. Calculus and Analytic Geometry by G.B. Thomas and R.L. Finney, published
by Addison Wesley.
6. Calculus, A new horizon by H. Anton, published by John Wiley and Sons.
7. Calculus by James Stewart, fifth edition, published by Brooks/Cole, 2002.
MATH-103 Calculus-II
Conic sections and polar coordinates, General equation of conic, Ellipse,
Parabola, Hyperbola, Cycloid, Area and Length in polar coordinates, conics
in polar coordinates, Tangents and normal to the conics in rectangular and
28
polar coordinates, pedal equation, Infinite sequences and series,

convergence and divergence of infinite sequences and series, comparison
tests, Ratio and Root tests, integral test, alternating and mixed series,
absolute and conditional convergence of series, power series and its
applications. Taylor and Maclaurin series.
Recommended Books
1. Calculus and Analytic Geometry by G.B. Thomas and R.L. Finney,

published by Addison- Wesley.
2. Calculus, A new horizon by H. Anton, published by John Wiley and sons
3. Calculus by James Stewart, fifth edition, published by Brooks/Cole, 2002
MATH-104 Introduction to Linear Algebra

Systems of linear equations, echelon and reduced echelon forms,
matrices, matrix algebra, invertible matrices, elementary matrices, finding
the inverse of a matrix, vector spaces, subspaces, linear dependence and
independence, basis and dimension, rank, coordinates and transition
matrices, determinants, properties, formula for the inverse of a matrix,
Cramers rule, inner product spaces, norm, Cauchy - Schwarz and triangle
inequalities, orthonormal sets. Gram-Schmidt process, projections, least
squares, linear transformations, kernel and range, similarity, eigenvalues,
eigenvectors, diagonalization.
Recommended Books
1. Linear Algebra and its Applications by David C. Lay, second edition,

published by Addison Wesley, 2000.
2. Linear Algebra with Applications by Gareth Williams, published by Jones
and Bartlett Publications.
3. Introductory Linear Algebra with Applications by Bernard Kobman and
David R. Hill.
MATH-201 Calculus-III
Vector functions, derivatives and integrals of vector functions, functions of
several variables, limits and continuity, partial derivatives, tangent planes,
linear approximations, chain rule, directional derivatives, gradient vector,
maximum and minimum values, Lagrange multipliers. Multiple integrals.
Analytic Geometry of three dimensions. Volume of a solid of revolution,
Area of a surface of revolution.
Recommended Books
1. Calculus and analytic Geometry by G.B. Thomas and R.L. Finney, published
by Addison- Wesley.
2. Calculus, A new horizon by H. Anton, published by John Wiley and sons.
3. Calculus by James Stewart, fifth edition, published by Brooks/Cole, 2002.
MATH-202 Mechanics:
Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are as follows;
To give a comprehensive exposure to students about the
fundamentals of static and dynamics.
To develop analytical skills among the students in dealing with the
problems.
29
To develop the understanding of basic laws governing the static and

dynamics of rigid body and particles.
Course Outline:
Composition of forces, friction, equilibrium, center of mass and gravity,
friction, virtual work, Kinematics, rectilinear motion, projectile motion,
constrained motion.
Recommended Books:
1. Mechanics by Q. K. Ghori, published by West Pakistan Publ.
2. Vector Analysis by Munawar Hussain, published by Caravan Book Publ.,
Lahore.
MATH-203 Elementary Number Theory and Combinatorics:

Objectives:
Upon the completion the students will be able to;
Learn the role of number theory in mathematics and how to do
number theoretic proofs.
Understand prime factorization, linear from of gcd, linear
congruences and system of simultaneous linear congruences
primitive roots module primes with important theorem.
Course Outline:
Divisibility, greatest common divisor and least common multiple,
Euclidean algorithm, Primes, fundamental theorem of arithmetic,
linear Diophantine equations, congruence, linear convergences,
Chineses remainder theorem, divisibility tests, Wilsons theorem,
Fermats little theorem, Eulers phi functions, Eulers theorem, the
sum and number of divisors, perfect numbers and Mersenne primes
Graphs, Trees, Colorings of graphs and Ramsey's theorem, Turan's
theorem (Statements and applications), and extremal graphs,
Systems of distinct representatives, Elementary counting Stirling
numbers, Recursions and generating functions , Partitions, (0,1)matrices, Latin squares.
Recommended Books:
1. Elementary Number Theory and its applications by Kenneth H.
Rosen, fifth edition, Published by Edison Wesley, 2005.
2. A Friendly Introduction to Number Theory by Joseph H. Silverman,
third edition, Published by Prentice Hall 2006.
3. Hardy, G. H.; Wright, E. M. An introduction to the theory of
numbers. Sixth edition. Revised by D. R. Heath-Brown and J. H.
Silverman. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008.
4. Van Lint, J. H.; Wilson, R. M.,A Course in Combinatorics, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 1992.
MATH 204 Elementary Differential Equations with Applications
Introduction, First order equations: Separable equations, homogeneous
equations, linear equations, Bernoullis equation, exact equations,
integrating factors, Ricatti equation, Clairauts equation, orthogonal
trajectories.
Second order equations: homogeneous linear equations with constant
coefficients,
non-homogeneous linear equations with constant
30
coefficients, method of undetermined coefficients, variation of

parameters, Euler-Cauchy equations, some special second order
equations, mechanical and electrical vibrations and other applications to
mathematical modeling, total differential equations, Laplace transforms,
properties, application to initial value problems, power series solutions.
Recommended Books
1. Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems by William

E. Boyce and Richard C. Diprima, fifth edition, published by John Wiley and
Sons, 1992.
2. Differential Equations with Applications and Historical Notes by George F.
Simmons, second edition, published by McGraw Hill, 1991.
3. Differential Equations by C. Ray Wylie, published by McGraw Hill.
MATH-301 Advanced Calculus

The real numbers: algebraic and order properties of R; the completeness
property; cluster points; open and closed sets in R. Sequences, the limit of
a function, limit theorems. Continuous functions on intervals:
boundedness theorem, maximum-minimum theorem and the intermediate
value theorem; uniform continuity.
The derivative: the mean value theorem; Taylors theorem.
Functions of several variables: Limit and continuity of functions of two and
three variables; partial derivatives; differentiable functions.
Multiple Integrals: regions in the x-y plane, iterated integrals, double
integrals, change in the order of integration, transformation of double
integrals.
Line and surface integrals: Jordan curve, regular region, line integral,
Greens theorem, independence of the path, surface integrals, Gauss
theorem.
Recommended Books
1. Bartle, R.G. and Sherbert, D.R. Introduction to Real Analysis, John Wiley &
Sons 1994.
2. Widder, D.V. Advanced Calculus, Prentice-Hall, 1982. Rudin, W Principles
of Real Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 1995.
MATH-302 Linear Algebra

Vector spaces, subspaces, basis and dimension, coordinates, linear
transformations, rank and nullity, algebra of linear transformations,
isomorphisms, matrix representation of a linear transformation, similarity,
linear functionals, dual space, the double dual, transpose of a linear
transformation, algebras, the algebra of polynomials, polynomial ideals,
prime factorization of a polynomial, eigenvalues, characteristic
polynomials, diagonalization, minimal polynomials, Cayley-Hamilton
theorem, invariant subspaces, direct sum decompositions, invariant direct
sums, primary decomposition theorem, rational and Jordan canonical
forms, inner product spaces, linear functionals and adjoints, unitary and
normal operators.
Recommended Books
1. Linear Algebra by Kenneth Hoffman and Ray Kunze, second edition,

published by Prentice Hall, 1971
2. Linear Algebra by Je Shilov, G.E. 1977, Dover Publication , Inc., New York.
3. Linear Algebra with Applications by J.T. Scheick 1997, McGram Hill,
31
MATH-303 Ordinary Differential Equations

Existence and uniqueness of solutions, general theory of linear differential
equations, method of undetermined coefficients, variation of parameters,
power series solutions, ordinary points, regular singular points, Bessel,
hypergeometric, Legendre and Hermite equations and the associated
functions, Fourier series, boundary value problems, Sturm -Liouville
theory.
Recommended Books
1. Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems by William

E. Boyce and Richard C. Diprima, fifth edition, published by John Wiley and
Sons, 1992.
2. Differential Equations with Applications and Historical Notes by George F.
Simmons, second edition, published by McGraw Hill, 1991.
3. Differential Equations by M. Morris and O. E. Brown, published by Prentice
Hall, 1964.
4. Applied Differential Equations by M. R. Spiegel, published by Prentice Hall
1967.
5. Ordinary Differential Equations and Difference Groups by F. Chorlton,
published by Van Nostrand, 1965.
6. Differential and Difference Equations by L. Brand, published by John Wiley
1966.
7. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by D. G. Zill and M. R. Cullen,
published by PWS Publishing Co. 1992.
8. Elementary Differential Equations by E. D. Rainville and P. E. Bedient,
published by Macmillan, 1963.
MATH-304 Set Topology

Metric spaces, open sets, closed sets, convergence and continuity in
metric spaces,
Topological spaces, bases and subbases, product topology, subspace
topology, closed sets and limit points, closure, interior and boundary,
Hausdorff spaces, continuous functions, homeomorphisms, metric
topology, connectedness, path connectedness, components and local
connectedness, compact spaces, compact subspaces of the real line, limit
point compactness, sequential compactness, local compactness, firstcountable and second countable spaces, regular and normal spaces.
Recommended Books
1. Topology by James R. Munkres, second edition, published by Prentice Hall,

2000
2. Elementary Topology by Michael C. Gemignani, second edition, published
by Addison-Wesley, 1972
3. Introduction to Topology Modern Analysis, by J.F. Simmons, lealest edition
McGram Hill, N.Y.
4. An Introduction to General Topology by Paul E. Long, published by Charles
E. Merill Publishing Company, 1971
MATH-305 Complex Analysis

Complex Numbers, basic properties, De- Moivres theorem, roots of
complex numbers, regions in the complex plane, functions of a complex
variable, limits, continuity, derivatives, Cauchy- Riemann equations,
analytic functions, harmonic functions, exponential, trigonometric,
hyperbolic and logarithmic functions, contour integrals, Cauchy-Goursat
32
theorem, Cauchy- integral formula, derivatives of analytic functions,

Liouvilles theorem, maximum modulus principle, sequences and series,
Taylor and Laurent series, residues and poles, Cauchys residue theorem,
application to evaluation of real definite integrals, argument principle and
Rouches theorem, mapping by elementary functions, linear fractional
transformations.
Recommended Books
1. Complex Variables and Applications by James Ward Brown and Ruel V.

Churchill, seventh edition, published by Mc-Graw Hill.
2. Complex Variables by Mark J. Ablowitz and A.S. Fokas, published by
Cambridge University Press.
MATH-306 Group Theory

Introduction to Sets and Structures. Motivation for groups. Finite groups.
Subgroups. Permutations and cyclic groups. Isomorphisms and
homomorphisms, with separate reference to Abelian groups. Cosets,
normal groups, factor groups and simple groups. Series of groups. The
Sylow theorems. Group actions, free groups and group presentations.
Geometric, Analytic and Dynamical, applications. A brief introduction to
continuous groups and to group representations.
Recommended Books
1. Fraleigh, J.B., A First Course in Algebra, Addison-Wesley 1982.

2. Hamermesh, M., Group Theory, Addison-Wesley 1972.
3. Herstein, I.N., Topics in Algebra, John Wiley 1975.
MATH-307 Analytical Mechanics

Review of basic principles: Kinematics of particle and rigid body in three
dimension; Eulers theorem. Work, Power, Energy, Conservative field of
force. Motion in a resisting medium. Variable mass problem. Moving
coordinate systems, Rate of change of a vector, Motion relative to the
rotating Earth. The motion of a system of particles, Conservation laws.
Generalized coordinates, Lagranges equations, Hamiltons equations,
Simple applications. Motion of a rigid body, Moments and products of
inertia, Angular momentum, kinetic energy about a fixed point; Principal
axes; Momental ellipsoid;
Equimomental systems. Gyroscopic
motion, Eulers dynamical equations, Properties of a rigid body motion
under no forces. Review of material.
Recommended Books
1. Principles of Mechanics by F. Chorlton, published by McGraw Hill,
N.Y, 1983.
2. Mechanics by K. R. Symon, published by Addison Wesley, 1964.
3. Classical Mechanics by H. Goldstein, published by Addison Wesley,
2nd Edition, 1980.
4. Principles of Mechanics by J. I. Synge and B. A. Griffith, published by
McGraw-Hill, N.Y., 1986.
5. Mechanics for Engineers by F. P. Beer and E. R. Johnston, Vols.I&II,
published by McGraw- Hill, N.Y, 1975.
MATH-308 Partial Differential Equations
Partial differential equations of the first order
mathematical modeling of heat, Laplace and
and applications,
wave equations,
33
classification of second order partial differential equations, reduction to

canonical form and the solution of second order partial differential
equations, technique of separation of variables with emphasis on heat,
Laplace and wave equations, Laplace, Fourier and Hankel transforms for
the solution of partial differential equations and their application to
boundary value problems.
Recommended Books
1. Elements of Partial Differential Equations by I. N. Sneddon, published by McGraw Hill, 1987

2. Introduction to Partial Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems
by R. Dennemyer, published by McGraw Hill, 1968
3. Boundary Value Problems and Partial Differential Equations by M. Humi and
W. B. Miller, published by PWS-Kent publishing company, 1992
4. Techniques in Partial Differential Equations by C. R. Chester, published by
McGraw Hill, 1971
5. Elementary Applied Partial Differential Equations byR. Haberman, published
by Prentice Hall 1983.
6. Partial Differential Equations of Applied Mathematics by E. Zauderer,
published by John Wiley, 1983.
MATH-309 Real Analysis

The Riemann Integral: Upper and lower sums, definition of a Riemann
integral, integrability criterion, classes of integrable functions, properties
of the Riemann integral.
Infinite Series: Review of sequences, the geometric series, tests for
convergence, conditional and absolute convergence. Regrouping and
rearrangement of series. Power series, radius of convergence.
Uniform Convergence: Uniform convergence of a sequence and a series,
the M-test, properties of uniformly convergent series. Weierstrass
approximation theorem.
Improper Integrals: Classification, tests for convergence, absolute and
conditional convergence, convergence of f(x) sinx dx, the gamma
function. Uniform convergence of integrals, the M-text, properties of
uniformly convergent integrals.
Fourier Series: Orthogonal functions, Legendre, Hermite and Laguerre
polynomials, convergence in the mean. Fourier-Legendre and FourierBessel series, Bessel inequality, Parseval equality. Convergence of the
trigonometric Fourier series.
Recommended Books
1. Bartle, R.G. and Sherbert, D.R., Introduction to Real Analysis, John Wile
Sons 1994.
2. Widder, D.V., Advanced Calculus, Prentice Hall 1982.
3. Rudin, W., Principles of Real Analysis, McGraw-Hill 1995.
4. Rabenstein, R.L., Elements of Ordinary Differential Equations, Academic
Press, 1984.
MATH-401 Differential Geometry -I

Historical background, Curve theory: Regular curve, reparametrization, arc
length, tangent, normal and binormal lines, tangent, normal and rectifying
planes, curvature and torsion, Frenet-Serret formulas and their
applications, spherical images, involutes and evolutes, Bertrand curves.
Surface theory: tensors, Christoffel symbols and their applications.
34
Local surface theory: First and second fundamental forms and their
applications, Gaussian and mean curvatures.
Recommended Books
1. Elements of Differential Geometry by R. S. Millman and G. D. Parker,

published by Prentice Hall, 1977
2. Lectures on Classical Differential Geometry by D. J. Struik, published by
Addison-Wesley, 1977
3. Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces by M. P. Do Carmo, published
by Prentice Hall, 1985
4. Elementary Differential Geometry by B. O. Neil, published by Academic
Press, 1966
5. Introduction to Differential Geometry by A. Goetz, published by Addison
Wesley, 1970
6. Vector and Tensor Methods by F. Charlton, published by Ellis Horwood,
1976
MATH-402 Functional Analysis-I

Metric spaces, open sets, closed sets, convergence, completeness,
normed spaces, Banach spaces, linear operators, bounded linear
operators, linear functionals, dual space, inner product spaces, Hilbert
spaces, orthogonal complements and direct sums, Riesz representation
theorem, Hilbert adjoint operator, self adjoint, unitary and normal
operators, Hahn-Banach theorem, reflexive spaces, Baire Category
theorem, Uniform boundedness theorem, open mapping and closed graph
theorems.
Recommended Books
1. Introductory Functional Analysis and Applications by E. Kreyszig, published

by John Wiley and Sons
2. Elements of Functional Analysis by L. Maddox, published by Cambridge
University Press
3. Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis by G. F. Simmons, published
by McGraw Hill
MATH-403 Numerical Methods

Number systems and errors: Loss of significance and error propagation,
condition and instability, error estimation, floating point arithmetic.
Interpolation by polynomials: existence and uniqueness of the
interpolating polynomial, Lagrangian interpolation, the divided difference
table, error of the interpolating polynomial, interpolation with equally
spaced data, Newtons forward and backward difference formulas,
Bessels interpolation formula, Hermite interpolation. Solution of nonlinear equations: Bisection method, iterative methods, secant method,
fixed point iteration, Newton -Raphson method, order of convergence of
Newton-Raphson and secant methods. System of linear equations: Gauss
elimination method, triangular factorization, Crout method. Iterative
methods: Jacobi method, Gauss-Seidel method, SOR method, convergence
of iterative methods.
Numerical Differentiation: Numerical differentiation formulae based on
interpolation polynomials, error estimates. Numerical Integration: NewtonCotes formulae, trapezoidal rule, Simpsons formulas, composite rules,
Romberg improvement, Richardson extrapolation, error estimates of
integration formulas, Gaussian quadrature.
35
Recommended Books
1. Elementary Numerical Analysis by S. D. Conte and C. Boor, published by

McGraw Hill, 1972
2. Elements of Numerical Analysis by F. Ahmad and M. A. Rana, published by
National Book Foundation, Islamabad, 1995
3. Numerical Analysis for Engineers and Physicists by R. Zurmuhl, published
by Springer Verlag, 1976
MATH-404 Statistics and Probability-I

Introduction to statistics: Frequency distribution and graphical
presentation of data, Measures of central tendency, Arithmetic Mean,
Median, Mode, Geometric Mean, Harmonic Mean, Measures of Dispersion,
Absolute measures and relative measures, Range, Quartile deviation,
Mean deviation, Standard deviation, Variance, Coefficient of variation.
Probability: Random experiment, Mutually exclusive and Not-mutually
exclusive events, Conditional probability, Independent and dependent
events, Laws of probability and their applications, Independent repeated
trials with only two outcomes, Bayes theorem (derivation and
application).
Random Variable: Discrete and continuous random variables, Distribution
function, Probability density function, Joint distributions, Bivariate
distribution function and bivariate probability functions, Marginal
probability functions, Conditional probability functions. Independence of
random variables, Mathematical expectation of a random variable, laws of
expectations, Variance, covariance and correlation defined by expectation,
Moment generating function and Characteristic function.
Central limit theorem, limiting distributions and stochastic convergence.
Regression and correlation analysis, Probabilistic and deterministic
models, Simple and multiple linear regressions, Method of least squares,
intercept and slope, Standard error of estimate, Correlation coefficient and
its properties. Partial and multiple correlations.
Recommended Books
1
Mood, A. M. Graybill, F. A. Boes, D.C introduction to the theory of
Statistics 3rd Ed., (McGraw-Hill Book Company New york, 1974)
2
Degroot, M. H. Probability and Statistics, 2nd Ed., (Addison-Wesley
Publishing Company, USA, 1986)
MATH-406 Continuous Groups:
Objectives:
Upon successful completion of this course students will be able to
Demonstrate knowledge of the syllabus material;
Use the definitions continuous groups, Lie groups and related topics
to identify and construct examples and to distinguish examples from
non-examples;
Classify groups of low dimensions;
Apply the techniques of finding curvature of invariant metrices on

Lie groups and homogeneous spaces.
36
Course Outline:
Continuous Groups; Gl(n,R), Gl(n,C), So(p,q), Sp(2n); generalities on
continuous groups; groups of isometries, classification of two and three
dimensional Euclidean space accoding to their isometries; introduction to
Lie groups with special emphasis on matrix Lie groups; relationship of
isometries and Lie group; theorem of Cartan; correspondence of
continuous groupswith Lie algebras; classification of groups of low
dimensions; homogeneous spaces and orbit types; curvature of invariant
metrics on Lie groups and homogeneous spaces.
Recommended Books:
1. Bredon, G.E., Introduction to compact transformation groups,
Academic Press, 1972.
1. Eisenhart, L.P., Continuous groups of transformations, Priceton U.P.,
1933.
2. Pontrjagin, L.S., Topological groups, Princeton University Press, 1939.
3. Husain Taqdir., Introduction to Topological Groups, W.B. Saunders
Company, 1966.
4. Miller Willard, Jr., Symmetry groups and their application, Academic
Press New York and London 1972.
MATH-425 Fluid Mechanics-II:
Objectives:
This course is designed;
To give the students clear concepts equation of motion of viscous
fluids.
To develops skill of applying equation of motion to real problems.
To familiarize the students about the flow of fluid in rotating frame.
To introduce the concept of boundary layer flows.
Course Outline:
Constitutive equations; Navier-Stokes equations; Exact solutions of
Navier-Stokes equations; Steady unidirectional low; Poiseuille flow;
Couette flow; Unsteady unidirectional low; sudden motion of a plane
boundary in a fluid at rest; Flow due to an oscillatory boundary; Equations
of motion relative to a rotating system; Ekman flow; Dynamical similarity
and the Reynolds number; Flow over a flat plate (Blasius solution);
Reynolds equations of turbulent motion, Backingum Pi Theorem,
Similarity Transformations.
Recommended Books:
1. L.D. Landau and E.M. Lifshitz., Fluid Mechanics, Pergamon Press,
1966.
2. Batchelor, G.K. , An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics, Cambidge
University Press,1969.
3. Walter Jaunzemis, Continuum Mechanics, MacMillan Company, 1967.
4. Milne-Thomson, Theoretical Hydrodynamics, MacMillan Company,
1967.
37
MATH-435 Fuzzy Logics:

Objectives:
Upon successful completion, the students will be able to;
To provide machinery for carrying out approximate reasoning when

available is uncertain, incomplete or vague.
Demonstrate the basics of fuzzy logic and fuzzy set theory.
Apply in the field of engineering, psychology, economics and
sociology.
Course Outline:
Examples of fuzziness, Modeling of fuzziness, Operations on fuzzy Sets, Fuzziness as
uncertainty, Boolean algebra and lattices, Equivalence relations and partitions, Composing
mappings, Isomorphism and homomorphisms, Alpha cuts, Images of alpha level sets, Fuzzy
quantities, Fuzzy numbers, Fuzzy intervals, t norms, Generators of t norms, Isomorphisms
of t norms, Negations, t conorms, Strict De Morgan Systems, Nilpotent De Morgan
Systems, Nonuniqueness of negations in strict De Morgan Systems, Fuzzy implications,
Averaging operators and negations, Averaging operators and nilpotent t-norms, De Morgan
systems with averaging operators, Power of t-norms, Sensitivity of connectives, Binary fuzzy
relations, Operations on fuzzy relations
Recommended Books:
1. Fuzzy Logic by H.T. Nguyen and E. A. Walker
2. Introduction to the Basic Principles of Fuzzy Set Theory and some of its Applications
by E. E. Kerre
3. Fuzzy Set Theory and its Applications by H. J. Zimmermann.
4. Fundamentals of Fuzzy Sets by D. Dubois and H. Prade
MATH-409 Advance Group Theory:

Objectives:
Upon successful completion of this course students will be able to
Demonstrate knowledge of the syllabus material;
Use the definitions studied in this course to identify and construct

examples and to distinguish examples from non-examples;
Know about use of group actions and the related topics in

application point of view.
Write about group theory in a coherent, grammatically correct and

technically accurate manner.
Course Outline:
Actions of Groups, Permutation representation, Equivalence of actions,
Regular representation, Cosets spaces, Linear groups and vector spaces,
Affine group and affine spaces, Transitivity and orbits, Partition of Gspaces into orbits, Orbits as conjugacy class Computation of orbits, The
classification of transitive G-spaces Catalogue of all transitive G-spaces up
to G-isomorphism, One-one correspondence between the right coset of Ga
and the G-orbit, G-isomorphism between coset spaces and conjugation in
38
G, Simplicity of A5, Frobenius-Burnside lemma, Examples of morphisms,

G-invariance, Relationship between morphisms and congruences, Order
preserving one-one correspondences between congruences on and
subrroups H of G that contain the stabilizer G, The alternating groups,
Linear groups, Projective groups, Mobius groups, Orthogonal groups,
unitary groups, Cauchys theorem, P-groups, Sylow P-subgroups, Sylow
theorems, Simplicity of An when n>5.
Recommended Books:
1. J.S. Rose, A Course on Group Theory, Cambridge University Press,
1978.
2. H. Wielandt, Finite Permutation Groups. Academic Press, 1964.
3. J.B. Fraleigh, A Course in Algebra, Addison-Wesley 1982.
MATH-410 Theory of Modules:
Objectives:
Upon successful completion of this module students will be able to
Write precise and accurate mathematical definitions of objects in

module theory;
Use definitions to identify and construct examples of modules,
submodules, quotient modules and all related topics and to
distinguish examples from non-examples;
Validate and critically assess mathematical proofs of the topics

covered and discussed;
Use a combination of theoretical knowledge and independent

mathematical thinking to investigate questions in module theory
and to use them for practical applications;
Course Outline:
Motivations to modules. Submodules, quotient modules, finitely generated
and cyclic modules, exact sequences and elementary notions of
homological algebra, Noetherian and Artinian rings and modules, radicals,
semisimple rings and modules.
Recommended Books:
1. Adamson, J., Rings and modules.
2. Blyth, T. S., Module theory, Oxford University Press, 1977.
3. Fraleigh J.B., A first Course in Algebra (Addison-Wesley 1982).
4. Herstein, I.N., Topics in Algebra (John Wiley 1975).
5. Hartley, B., and Hawkes, T.O., Ring, Modules and Linear Algebra,
Chapman and Hall, 1980.
MATH-411 Decomposition of Modules:
Objectives:
After completion of the course, the students will be able to;
Decompose a module as a direct sum of its sub modules.
39
Relate linear algebra and group theory to modules.

Learn invariance and canonical forms and conjugacy classes in
general linear group.
Course Outline:
Rings and modules, decomposition of modules, decomposition theorem,
the primary decomposition theorem, The primary decomposition, Abelian
groups as Z-modules, Abelian groups, Sylows theorem, linear
transformation and matries, invariants and the Jordan canonical form, the
rational canonical form theorem - (linear transformation version), The
Jordan canonical form theorem, conjugacy classes in general linear
groups.
Recommended Books:
1. Blyth, T., Module theory, O.U.P., Oxford, 1977.
2. Hartley, B. and Hawkes, T., Rings, modules and linear algebra,
Chapman, G., Lecture
Nortes on Modules, Michigan University
Press.
MATH-412 Galois Theory:
Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are;
To make a connection between field theory and group theory.
To describe how the various roots of a given polynomial equation are
related to each other.
Course Outline:
Basics:
Integral domains and Fields, Homorphisms and ideals, Quotient Rings,
Polynomial rings in one indeterminate over Fields, Prime ideals and
Maximal ideals, irreducible Polynomials.
Field Extensions:
Algebraic and Transcendental field extensions, Simple Extensions,
Composite Extensions, Splitting Fields, The Degree of and Extension, Ruler
and Compass Constructions. Normality and Separability.
Finite Field Extensions:
Circle Division, The Galois Group, Toots of Unity, Solvability by Radicals,
Galois Extensions, The Fundamental Theorem of Galois Theory, Galoiss
Great Theorem, Algebraically Closed Fields.
Recommended Books:
1. Joseph Rotman, Galois Theory, Springer-Veriog, New York, Inc.
(2005)
2. Lan Steward, Galois Theory, Chapman & Hall, New York (2004)
3. David S. Dummit and Richard M. Foote, Abstract Algebra, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York (2002).
MATH-416 Algebraic Geometry:
Objectives:
After the completion of the this course, the students will be in position to;
40
Combine techniques of abstract algebras especially commutative

algebra with language and the problem of geometry.
Gain an understanding of algebraic varieties, geometric
manifestations of solutions of systems of polynomial equations.
Explain dimensions, tangent spaces, smoothness and completeness.
Course Outline:
Algebraic varieties: Affine algebraic varieities, Hibert basis Theorem,
Decomposition of variety into irreducible components, Hiberts
Nulttstellensatz, The Sectrum of a Ring, Projective variety and the
homogeneous Spectrum.
Functions and Morphisms: Some properties of Zariski topology, Rings and
modules of franctions and their properties, Coordinate ring and polynomial
functions, Polynomial maps, Regular and rational functions, Morphisms,
Rational maps.
Dimension: The Krull dimension of Topological Spaces and Rings, Prime
Ideal Chain and Integral Extensions, The Dimension of Affine Algebras and
Affine Algebraic Varieties, The Dimension of Projective Varieties.
Applications: The product of varieties, On dimension, Tangent space and
smoothness, Completeness.
Recommended Books:
1. O. Zariski and P. Samual, Commutative Algebra, Vol. 1, Van
Nostrand, Princeton, N. J., 1958.
2. M.F. Atiyah and I. G. Macdonald, Introduction to Commutative
Algebra, Addison Wesley Pub. Co., 1969.
3. I.R. Shafarevich, Basic Algebraic Geometry, Springer Verlag, 1974.
4. R. Hartshorne, Algebraic Geometry, Springer Verlag, 1977.
5. E, Kunz, Introduction to Commutative Algebra and Algebraic
Geometry, Boston; Basel; Stuttgrat: Birkhauser, 1985.
MATH-417 Algebraic Systems and Coding Theory:
Objectives:
After the completion of the this course, the students will be in position to;
To relate algebra to coding theory.
To make applications of algebraic structures, groups, rings and fields
and vector spaces.
Course Outline:
An introduction to the use of abstract methods in mathematics, using
algebraic systems that play an important role in many application so
mathematics. Abelian groups, Commutative rings with identity, fields,
Ideals, Polynonial rings, Principal Ideal domains, arithmetic of integers
mod n and finite fields. Vector spaces over arbitraty fields, Examples of
Algebra of Polynomial rings over an arbitrary field, subspaces, bass, linear
transformations. Eigenvalues, eigenvectors, eigenspaces, Characteristies,
Polynomial, Minimal Polynomial, Linear Transformation as a matrix
operator, geometric and algebraic multiplicity and diagonalisation.
Groups: subgroups, cosets, Lagranges theorem, homomorphisms.
41
Applications to coding theory will be chosen from: linear codes, encoding

and decoding, the dual code, the parity check matrix, syndrome decoding,
Hamming codes, perfect codes, cyclic codes, BCH codes.
Recommended Books:
1. John B Fraleigh, A First Course in Abstract Algebra, 5th edition,
Addison-Wesley, 1994.
2. Richard Laatsch, An Introduction to Abstract Algebra, McGraw-Hill,
1968.
3. Max D Larsen, Introduction to Modern Algebraic Concepts, AddisonWesley, 1969.
4. F.J. Budden, The Fascination of Groups, Cambridge University Press,
1972.
5. Joel G Broida and S Gill Williamson, A comprehensive Introduction to
Linear Algebra, Addison-Wesley, 1989.
6. Hill, Raymond, 1942, A first course in coding theory, Oxford
University Press, 1986.
7. McEliece, Robert J, The theory of information and coding,
Cambridge, U.K; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
8. Roman, Steven, Introduction to coding and information theory, New
York: Springer, 1997.
9. Assmus, E.F, Designs and their codes, Cambridge: Cambridge
10.
Hamming R. W. (Richard Wesley), 1915-Coding and
information theory / Richard W. Hamming, Englewood Cliffs N.J:
Prentice-hall, 1986.
MATH-421 Quantum Mechanics:
Objectives:
On completing the course, the students will be able to;
Know about quantum mechanical operator, Eigen states, potential
barrier, potential well, angular momentum and spin.
To explain the behavior of matter and its interaction with energy on
the scale of atoms and atomic scales at basic level.
Understand the wave and particle nature of entities.
Course Outline:
Basic postulates of quantum mechanics. State vectors. Formal properties
of quantum mechanical operators. Eigenvalues and eigenstates, simple
harmonic oscillator. Schrodinger representation. Heisenberg equation of
motion Schrodinger equation. Potential step, potential barrier, potential
well. Orbital angular momentum. Motion in a centrally symmetric field.
Hydrogen atom. Matrix representation of angular momentum and spin.
Time independent perturbation theory, degeneracy. The Stark effect.
Introduction to relativistic Quantum Mechanics.
Recommended Books:
1. Fayyazuddin and Riazuddin, Quantum Mechanics, World Scientific
1990.
2. Merzbacher, E., Quantum Mechanics, John Wiley 2nd Ed. 1970.
3. Liboff, R.L., Introductory Quantum Mechanics, Addision-Wesley 2nd
Ed. 1991.
42
4. Dirac, P.M.A., Principles of Quantum Mechanics, (Latest Edition),

Oxford University Press.
MATH 425 Rings and Fields
Difinitions and basic concepts, homomorphisms, homomorphism theorems, polynamical
rings, unique factorization domain, factorization theory, Euclidean domains, arithemtic in
Eclidean domains, extension fields, algebraic and transeendental elements, simple extension,
introduction to Galois theory.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1) Fraleigh, J.A., A First Course in Abstract Algebra, Addision Wesley Publishing
Company, 1982.
2) Herstein, I.N., Topies in Algebra, John Wiley & Sons 1975.
3) Lang, S., Algebra, Addison Wesley, 1965.
4) Hartley, B., and Hawkes, T.O., Ring, Modules and Linear Algebra, Chapman and
Hall, 1980.
MATH-426 Elasticity Theory:
Objectives:
Upon the completion of the course, the students will be able to;
Analyze linear elastic under mechanical and thermal behavior.
Understand wave propagation, tensor analysis of stress and strain
and solid mechanics.
Course Outline:
Cartesian tensors; analysis of stress and strain, generalized Hookes law;
crystalline structure, point groups of crystals, reduction in the number of
elastic moduli due to crystal symmetry; equations of equilibrium;
boundary conditions, compatibility equations; plane stress and plane
strain problems; two dimensional problems in rectangular and polar coordinates; torsion of rods and beams.
Recommended Books:
1. Sokolinikoff., Mathematical theory of Elasticity, McGraw-Hill, New
York.
2. Dieulesaint, E. and Royer, D., Elastic Waves in Solids, John Wiley and
Sons, New York, 1980.
3. Funk, Y.C., Foundations of Solid Mechanics, Prentice-Hall, Englewood
Cliffs, 1965.
MATH-427 Electromagnetism:
Objectives:
After the successful completion of this course, the students will be able to;
Gain the knowledge of electrostatic energy, magnetic energy,
maxwells equations, electromagnetic waves, radiations and motion
of electric charges.
Learn fundamental principle of electromagnetism to continue to
develop solid and systematic problems solving skills and to lay the
foundations for further studies in physical science.
43
Apply basic law of electricity and magnetism.
Course Outline:
Electrostatics and the solution of electrostatic problems in vacuum and in
media, Electrostatic energy, Electric currents, The magnetic field of steady
currents, Magnetic properties of matter. Magnetic energy, Electromagnetic
Induction, Maxwells equations, Boundary Value Potential Problems in two
dimensions, Electromagnetic Waves, Radiation, Motion of electric charges.
Recommended Books:
1. Reitz, J.R. and Milford, F.J., Foundation of electromagnetic theory,
Addision-Wesley, 1969.
2. Panofsky, K.H. and Philips, M., Classical Electricity and Magnetism,
Addision-Wesley, 1962.
3. Corson, D. and Lerrain, P., Introduction to Electromagnetic fields and
waves, Freeman, 1962.
4. Jackson, D.W., Classical Electrodynamics, John-Wiley.
5. Ferraro, V.C.A., Electromagnetic theory, The Athlone Press, 1968.
MATH-428 Theory of Manifolds:
Objectives:
After completing the course, the students will be in position;
To introduce a notion of abstract smooth manifold.
To develop skill in manipulation of differential objects.
To generalize the concept of curves and surfaces.
To apply the subject to general relativity, modern physics and partial
differential equations.
Course Outline:
Manifolds and smooth maps; Derivatives and Tangents; The inverse
function theorem and Immersions; Submersions; Transversality, homotopy
and stability; Embedding manifolds in Euclidean space; Manifolds with
boundary; One manifolds and some consequences; Exterior algebra;
Differential forms; Partition of unity; Integration on manifolds; Exterior
derivative; Cohomology with forms; Stokes theorem; Integration and
mappings; The Gauss-Bonnet --theorem; Lie groups as examples of
manifolds; Their Lie algebras; Examples of matrix Lie groups and their Lie
algebras.
Recommended Books:
1. Guillemin, V. and Pollock, A., Differential Topology, Prentice-Hall, Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1974.
2. Boecker, T. and Dieck, T., Representations of Compact Lie groups,
Springer Verlag,1985.
3. Bredon, G.E., Introduction to Compact Transformation Groups,
MATH-434 Group Algorithm Programming:
Objectives:
On completing the course, the students will gain the ability to;
44
Use GAP in research and teaching for studying groups and their
representations, rings, vector, spaces, algebras and combinatorial
structures.
Understand parallel computing, number theoretic algorithms.
Apply GAP in computer science for software engineering
applications regarding binary trees, flavor graph, graph coloring and
spanning trees.
Course Outline:
Algorithms and its Analysis Basic concepts and its applications.
Mathematical Foundations: Growth of functions, Asymptotic functions,
Summations, Recurrences, Counting and probability.
Divide-and-Conquer algorithms; General method and its analysis, Binary
search and its analysis, Merge sort and its analysis, Quick sort and its
analysis, Insertion sort and its analysis.
Advanced Design and Analysis Techniques: Dynamic Programming, Greedy
algorithms and its applications in scheduling, Generating functions and its
application in Recurrences, Permutation Algorithms and its application in
sorting, Amortized analysis, Worst-case analysis, Average case analysis.
Graph algorithms: Basic search techniques, Algorithmic binary tees and its
application, breadth-first search, Depth-first search, Planner graphs, Graph
colouring, Minimum Spanning Trees, Single source shortest paths.
Special Topics:
Algorithms for parallel computers. Matrix Operations. Polynomials and the
FFT. Number-Theoretic algorithms. NP-completeness. Approximations
algorithms.
Encyption/Decryption algorithms.
Recommended Books:
1. Thomas H. Cormen and Charles E, Leiserson, Introduction to Algorithms,
MIT Press, McGraw-Hill (2nd Edition) 1990.
2. H. Sedgwick Analysis of Algorithms, Addison Wesley, (1st Edition) 1995.
3. K. Rosen., Discrete Mathematics and its Applications, McGraw Hill,

(5th Edition) 1999.
MATH 434 Analytical Dynamics (Cr.3)
Constraints, generalized co-ordinates, generalized forces, general equation of dynamics,
Lagranges equations, conservation laws, ignorable co-ordinates, Explicit form of Lagranges
equation in terms of tensors. Hamilton principle of least action. Hamiltons equations of
motion, Hamilton-Jacobi Method. Poisson Brackets (P.Bs); Poissons theorem; Solution of
mechanical problems by algebraic technique based on (P.Bs) Small oscillations and normal
modes, vibrations of strings, transverse vibrations normal modes, forced vibrations and
damping, reflection and transmission at a discontinuity, longitudinal vibrations, Rayleighs
principle.
Recommended Books
1) Textbook of Dynamics by F. Chorlton, published by Van Nostrand, 1963.
2) Mechanics by W. Chester, published by George Allen and Unwin Ltd. London, 1979.
3) Classical Mechanics by H. Goldstein, published by Cambridge University, 1980
4) Methods of Analytical Dynamics by G. Meirovitch, published by McGraw-Hill,
1970.
45
MATH 435 Fluid Mechanics-I (Cr. 3)

Real fluids and ideal fluids, velocity of a fluid at a point, streamlines and pathlines, steady
and unsteady flows, velocity potential, vorticity vector, local and particle rates of change,
equation of continuity, acceleration of a fluid, conditions at a rigid boundary, general analysis
of fluid motion, Eulers equations of motion, Bernoullis equation, steady motion under
conservative body forces, some potential theorems, impulsive motion, sources, sinks and
doublets, images in rigid infinite plane and solid spheres, axi-symmetric flows, Stokes
stream function, complex potential for two dimensional irrotational, incompressible flow,
complex velocity potential for uniform stream, line sources and line sinks, line doublets and
line vortices, image systems, Miline Thomson circle theorem, Blasius theorem, use of
conformal transformation and Schwartz-Christoffel transformation in solving problems,
vortex rows, Kelvins minimum energy theorem, uniqueness theorem, fluid streaming past a
circular cylinder, irrotational motion produced by a vortex filament, Helmholtz vorticity
equation, Karmans vortex-street.
Recommended Books
1) Textbook of Fluid Dynamics by F. Chorlton, published by Van Nostrand, 1967
2) Theoretical Hydrodynamics by M. Thomson, published by Macmillan Press, 1979
3) Continuum Mechanics by W. Jaunzemics, published by Macmillan Company, 1967
4) An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics by G. K. Batchelor, published by Cambridge
University Press, 1969
5) Fluid Mechanics by L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, published by Pergamon Press,
1966.
MATH 444 Integral Equations (Cr. 3)
Integral equations, formulation of boundary value problems, classification of integral
equations, method of successive approximation, Hilbert-Schmidt theory, Schmidts solution
of non-homogeneous integral equations, Fredholm theory, case of multiple roots of
characteristic equation, degenerate kernels, introduction to Wiener-Hopf technique.
Recommended Books
1) Linear Integral Equations by W. V. Lovitt, published by Dover, 1950
2) Integral Equations by F. Smith, published by Cambridge University Press
3) Integral Equations by F. G. Tricomi, published by Interscience, 1957
4) Methods based on the Weiner-Hopf technique by B. Noble, published by Pergamon
Press, 1958
5) Introduction to Integral Equations with Applications by J. Jerri Abdul, published by
Marcel Dekker, 1985
MATH 453 Advanced Topology (Cr.3)
Urysohn lemma, Urysohn metrization theorem, Tietze extension theorem, Tychonoff
theorem, Stone-Cech compactification, further metrization theorems, paracompactness,
complete metric spaces, Baire spaces.
Recommended Books
1) Topology by James R. Munkres, second edition, published by Prentice Hall, 2000
2) A First Course in Algebraic Topology by C. Kosniowski, published by Cambridge
University Press
3)
Algebraic topology, A First Course by M. J. Greenberg, published by
Benjamin/Commings
MATH 454 Algebraic Topology (Cr.3)
Quotient topology, homotopy of paths, the fundamental group, covering spaces, fundamental
group of the circle, retractions and fixed points, Borsuk-Ulam theorem, deformation retracts
46
and homotopy type, fundamental groups of various surfaces, direct sums of Abelian groups,
free products of groups, free groups, Seifert-van Kampen theorem and applications.
1) Kosniowski, C., A first course in algebraic topology, Cambridge University Press, 1980.
2) Greenberg, M.J., Algebraic topology, A first course, Benjamin/Commings, 1967.
3) Wallace, A.H., Algebraic Topology, Homology and Cohomology, Benjamine, 1968.
MATH 455 Differential Geometry-II (Cr.3)
Definition and examples of manifolds, differential maps, submanifolds, tangents, coordinate
vector fields, tangent spaces, dual spaces, multilinear functions, algebra of tensors, vector
fields, tensor fields, integral curves, flows, Lie derivatives, brackets, differential forms,
introduction to integration theory on manifolds, Riemannian and semi-Riemannian metrics,
flat spaces, affine connections, parallel translations, covariant differentiation of tensor fields,
curvature and torsion tensors, connection of a semi-Riemannian tensor, Killing equations and
Killing vector fields, geodesics, sectional curvature.
Recommended Books
1) Tensor Analysis on Manifolds by R. L. Bishop and S. I. Goldberg, published by
Dover, 1980
2) Riemannian Geometry by M. P. Do Carmo, published by Birkhauser, 1992
3) Differential Forms and Variational Principles by D. Lovelock and H. Rund, published
by John Wiley, 1975
4) Differential and Riemannian Geometry by D. Langwitz, published by Academic
Press, 1970
5) Manifolds, Tensor Analysis and Applications by R. Abraham, J. E. Marsden and T.
Ratiu, published by Addison Wesley, 1983
MATH 456 Riemannian Geometry (Cr.3)
Geodesics and their length minimizing properties, Jacobi fields, equation of geodesic
deviation, geodesic completeness, theorem of Hopf-Rinow, curvature and its influence on
topology, theorem of Cartan-Myers and Hadamard geometry of submanifolds, second
fundamental form, curvature and convexity, minimal surfaces, mean curvature of minimal
surfaces, calculus of differential forms and integration on manifolds, Theorem of Stokes,
elementary applications of differential forms to algebraic topology.
Recommended Books
1) M.P., Riemannian Geometry by M. P. Do Carmo, published by Birkhauser, 1992
2) Riemannian Geometry by S. Gallot and J. Lafontaine, published by Springer-Verlag,
1990
3) Differential forms in algebraic topology by R. Bott and M. tu, published by SpringerVerlag, 1987
MATH 457 Combinatorics and Graph Theory (Cr. 3)
Counting, pigeonhole principle, permutations and combinations, probability, permutations
and combinations with repetition, recurrence relations, generating functions, principle of
inclusion-exclusion, graphs, adjacency matrices, incidence matrices , isomorphism of
graphs, paths, connectivity , Euler and Hamilton paths, Dijkstras shortest path algorithm,
planar graphs, Eulers formula, graph coloring, applications, trees, applications, spanning
trees.
Recommended Books
1) Discrete Mathematics and its Applications by Kenneth H. Rosen, fifth edition, published by
McGraw Hill, 2005.
2) Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics by Ralph P. Grimaldi.
47
MATH 464 Measure and Integration (Cr.3)

Measure Spaces: Definition and examples of algebras and algebras, basic properties of
measurable spaces, definition and examples of measure spaces, outer measure, Lebesgue
measure, measurable sets, complete measure spaces.
Measurable Functions: Some equivalent formulations of measurable functions, examples of
measurable functions, various characterization of measurable functions, property that holds
almost everywhere, Egorovs theorem.
Lebesgue Integration: Definition of Lebesgue integral, basic properties of Lebesgue integrals,
comparison between Riemann integration and Lebesgue integration, L2-space. The RieszFischer theorem.
Recommended Books
1) Real Analysis by H. L. Royden, third edition, published by Prentice Hall, 1988
2) Measure Theory by D. L. Cohn, published by Birkhauser, 1980
3) Measure Theory by P. R. Halmos, published by D.Van Nostrand, 1950
MATH 465 Functional Analysis-II (Cr.3)
The Hahn-Banach theorem, principle of uniform boundedness, open mapping theorem,
closed graph theorem; Weak topologics and the Banach-Alouglu theorem, extreme points and
the Krein-Milman theorem.
The dual and bidual spaces, reflexive spaces, compact operators, Spectrum and eigenvalue, of
an operator, elementary spectral theory.
Recommended Books
1) Introductory Functional Analysis and Applications by E. Kreyszig, published by John
Wiley, 1973
2) Introduction to Functional Analysis by A. E. Taylor and D. C. Lay, published by
John Wiley
1) Functional Analysis by H. G. Heuser, published by John Wiley, 1982
2) Elements of Applied Functional Analysis by C. W. Groetsch, published by Marcel
Dekker, 1980
MATH 474 Operations Research(Cr.3):
To provide an appreciation of a number of different techniques used in operations research
and their application. In particular the formulation and solution of linear programming
problems, queuing systems reliability analysis, probalistic risk analysis. To provide an
understanding of their probabilistic and theoretical backgrounds. This course includes the
formulation of a linear programming problem; solving a problem using the appropriate
solution method i.e. either the primal or dual simplex algorithm;
Recommended Books
1) Operations Research, an Introduction, 6th edition, published by Prentice Hall
2) Introduction to Operations Research by F. Hillier, 6th edition, published by McGraw
Hill, 1995
MATH 475 Optimization Theory (Cr. 3)
Introduction to optimization, relative and absolute extrema, concave and unimodal Functions,
constraints, mathematical programming problems, optimization of one, two and several
variables functions and necessary and sufficient conditions of their optima, optimization by
equality constraints, direct substitution method and Lagrange multiplier method, necessary
and sufficient conditions for an equality constrained optimum with bounded independent
variables, inequality constraints and Lagrange multipliers, Kuhn-Tucker Theorem,
multidimensional optimization by gradient method, convex and concave programming,
48
Calculus of variation and Euler-Lagrange equations, functionals depending on several

independent variables, variation problems in parametric form, generalized mathematical
formulation of dynamics programming, non-linear continuous models, dynamics
programming and variational calculus, Control theory.
Recommended Books
1) Introduction to Optimization Theory by B. S. Gotfried and J. Weisman,
published by Prentice Inc. New Jersey, 1973
2) Differential Equations and the Calculus of Variations by L. Elsgolts, published by
Mir Publishers Moscow, 1970
3) Introduction to Nonlinear Optimization by D. A. Wismer and R. Chattergy, published
by North Holland New York, 1978
4) Mathematical Optimization and Economic Theory
by M. D. Intriligator,
published by Prentice-Hall Inc. New Jersey, 1971
MATH 476 Mathematical Modeling & Simulation (Cr. 3)
Basic concepts of computer modeling in science and engineering using discrete particle
systems and continuum fields. Techniques and software for statistical sampling, simulation,
data analysis and visualization. Use of statistical, quantum chemical, molecular dynamics,
Monte Carlo, mesoscale and continuum methods to study fundamental physical phenomena
encountered in the fields of computational physics, chemistry, mechanics, materials science,
biology, and applied mathematics. Applications drawn from a range of disciplines to build a
broad-based understanding of complex structures and interactions in problems where
simulation is on equal-footing with theory and experiment.
Recommended Books
3) Graph Models and Finite Mathematics by Malkevitich, published by Prentice Hall
4) Analytical and Computational Methods of Advanced Engineering by G. B. Gustafson,
published by SV, 1998
MATH 481 Special Relativity (Cr.3)
Historical background and fundamental concepts of special theory of relativity, Lorentz
transformations (one dimensional), length contraction, time dilation and simultaneity,
velocity addition formulae, 3- dimensional Lorentz transformations, introduction to 4-vector
formalism, Lorentz transformations in the 4-vector formalism, the Lorentz and Poincare
groups, introduction to classical mechanics, Minkowski spacetime and null cone, 4-velocity,
4-momentum and 4-force, application of special relativity to Doppler shift and Compton
effect, particle scattering, binding energy, particle production and decay, electromagnetism in
relativity, electric current, Maxwells equations and electromagnetic waves, the 4-vector
formulation of Maxwells equations, special relativity with small acceleration.
Recommended Books
1) Relativity: An Introduction to the Special Theory by Abdul Qadir, published by World
Scientific, 1989
2) Introducing Einsteins Relativity by R. D. Inverno, published by Oxford University
Press, 1992
3) Classical Mechanics by H. Goldstein, published by Addison Wesley, 1962
4) Classical Electrodynamics by J. D. Jackson, published by John Wiley 1962
5) Essential Relativity by W. Rindler, published by Springer Verlag, 1977
MATH 491 Project I & II (Cr. 9)
List of Computer Science Courses
49
CS 111 Programming Fundamentals (Cr.3)

Introduction to algorithms, different ways of representing algorithms, pseudo code, pseudo
code languages, how to write a computer program, problem solving using algorithms,
flowcharts, tracing and timing, series and sequence manipulation, matrix manipulation,
searching and sorting algorithms, recursion and related algorithms, trees and related
algorithms, graphs and related algorithms
Recommended Books
1) Computer Science, an overview by Glenn Brook shears, 6th edition
2) Discrete Mathematics and its applications by Kenneth H. Rosen.
CS 212 Data Structures and Algorithms
Introduction to data structures, importance and role of data structures in software
development, space and time complexity, big 0 notation, data abstraction, ADT, storage and
retrieval properties and techniques for various data structures, strings, arrays, linked lists,
stacks, queues, trees, heaps, hash tables, and graphs and its
applications, when to use what, sorting, searching, lab assignments and projects.
Recommended Books
1) Data Structures Using C and C++ by Augenstein and Tenenbaum, published by
Prentice Hall.
2) Data Structures and Algorithms by Aho, Hopcroft and Ullman, published by Addison
Wesley.
3) C++ An Introduction to Data Structures by Larry Nayhotf, International Edition.
4) Fundamentals of Data Structures in C++ by Horowitz, Sahni, and Mehta, published
by Computer Science Press.
5) Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C++ by Weiss, Mark Allen, published by
Addison-Wesley.
CS 314 Theory of Automata (Cr.3)
Preliminaries; Introduction, graphs, trees, inductive proofs, set notation. Finite Automata;
Finite state automaton, deterministic finite automaton, simulating a finite state automaton
using software, non deterministic finite automata, finite automata with E-'moves, two way
finite automata, finite automata with output, regular expression; equivalence of FA and
regular expression, the pumping lemma for regular sets, closure properties of regular sets,
decision algorithms for regular sets, the Myhill-Nerode theorem, minimizing finite automata,
context-free grammars and languages, grammars, derivations and languages, properties of
context free languages; kinds of properties, Greibach normal form, eliminating A-productions
from a CFG, unit productions from a CFG, useless variables from a CFG, Chomsky normal
form, pushdown automata, pushdown automata and context free grammar, deterministic
pushdown automata, parsing.
Recommended Books
1) Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation by J. E. Hopcroft
and J. D. Ullman, published by Nayosa Publishing House, New Delhi, India,
1987/1994.
2) Elements of the Theory of Computations by H. R. Lewis and C. S. Papadimitrious,
published by Prentice Hall Inc. Englewood Chirrs NJ. USA. 1981.
3) Introduction to Computer Theory by D. I. A. Cohen, published by John Wiley &
Sons Inc., NY, USA,1941.
4) Theory of Automata and Computation by M. Sikander Hayat Khiyal, published by
National Book Foundation, Pakistan.
50
CS 322 Computer Communication & Networks (Cr. 3)

Communication model, communication tasks, transmission system utilization, interfacing,
signal generation, exchange management, error detection and correction, flow control,
addressing, routing, recovery, message formatting, security, network management protocol
and protocol architecture, OSI standard, TCP/IP suite, bus, tree, ring, star LANs, circuit
switching, packet switching, frame relay, ATM, ISDN and broadband ISDN, point to point
and multipoint, simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex transmission, analog and digital data
transmission. attenuation, delay distortion, noise, channel capacity, transmission media, data
encoding.
Digital Data & Analog Signals, Modem Encoding Techniques, CODEC Encoding
Techniques, Modulation Techniques,
Data communication interface, data link control, error detection techniques, error control
techniques, high level data link control protocols(HDLC), multiplexing.
network models, network operating systems, network adapter cards, network services,
network printing, network applications, LAN technology, LAN system & network standards,
connectivity devices, connection services, managing and securing a network, disaster
recovery.
Recommended Books
Following books or their more recent equivalents, manuals, computer magazines and journals
articles, at the discretion of the instructor:
1) Data And Computer Communication by William Stalling, 5th edition, published by
Prentice Hall.
2) Data Communication, Computer Networks And Open Systems by Fred Halsall,
published by Addison-wesley.
3) Computer Networks by A. S. Tanen , published by Prentice Hall.
4) Data Communications, Networks And Systems by Thomas C.Bartee, Editor-in-Chief
BPB publications
5) Networking Essentials, MCSE Training Guide by Joe Casad & Dan Newland,
published by Techmedia.
CS 361 Computer Graphics
Details of Core and Elective Courses for MS Mathematics Programs
MATH-501
Advanced Mathematical Analysis
Theory of distance function (Real valued, Vector valued and multivalued), Continuous functions (Single valued,
Vector valued and multivalued), Random variables (Measureable sets, Measurable and Lebesgue measurable
Functions (linear and non non-linear operators),
L 2 a, b spaces, Axiom of Coice, Zoarn's lemma.
Objectives: It is advanced level course in Mathematical Analysis. The students will understand distance between
two objects. After studying the student should be able to apply the above mentioned concept in different related
areas.
Recommended Books:
1. Real Analysis by H. L. Royden, Third Edition, Published Prentice Hall, 1988.
2. Measure Theory by D. L. Cohn, Published by Birkhaser, 1980.
3. Principals of Real Analysis, by W. Rudin, Published by McGraw Hill, 1995.
MATH 502 Advanced Partial Differential Equations

Cauchys problems for linear second order equations in n-independent variables, Cauchy
Kowalewski theorem, characteristic surfaces, adjoint operations, bi-characteristics spherical
51
and cylindrical waves, heat equation, wave equation, Laplace equation, maximum-minimum
principle, integral transforms.
Objectives: This course is designed to give the students a rigorous treatment of the basic
nomenclature for partial differential equations, the three basic types of partial differential
equations and the fundamental theory for existence of solutions including the use of
functional analysis, Hilbert and Sobolov Spaces. The student will learn to apply Fourier
series and Transforms for solution to partial differential equations, Green's function to the
solution of boundary value problems. Both analytic and numerical methods will be explained
to obtain the solution of hyperbolic, parabolic and elliptic partial differential equations.
Recommended Books:
1. Introduction to Partial Differential Equations and Boundary Value problems by R.
Dennemyer, published by McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1968.
2. Techniques in Partial Differential Equations by C. R. Chester, published by McGrawHill Book Company, 1971.
3. Advanced Topics in Computational Partial Differential Equations by H. P. Lengtangen
and A. Treito, 2003.
MATH 503 Advanced Linear Algebra
Basic properties of vector spaces and linear transformations, algebra of polynomials,
characteristic values and diagonalizable operators, invariant subspaces and triangulable
operators, the primary decomposition theorem, cyclic decompositions and generalized
Cayley-Hamilton theorem, rational and Jordan forms, inner product spaces, the spectral
theorem, bilinear forms, symmetric and skew-symmetric bilinear forms.
Objectives: Upon successful completion of this course students will be able to demonstrate
knowledge of the syllabus material. Students will also be able to apply eigen value problems
and related material in the linear algebra to different areas of applied and pure Mathematics.
Recommended Books
1. Linear Algebra by Kenneth Hoffman and Ray Kunze, second edition, published by
Prentice Hall, 1971
2. Advanced Linear Algebra by S. Roman, 2nd edition, 2005.
3. Advanced Linear Algebra by B. Cooperstein, 2010.
MATH 504
Advanced Mathematical Methods
Contents: Analytical Solutions concept, Analytical methods. Variational Iteration method.

Modified Adomain decomposition method. Perturbation and Asymptotic methods, Homotopy
perturbation method, Homotopy analysis method, Newtons method, Householder method,
Decomposition method, Modified HPM, Halley method, Single step method, Taylor series
and convergence, Explicit and Implicit multistep methods.
Objectives: The focus of this course is on the derivation and application advanced analytical
methods used for solution for algebraic and differential equations. A proper framework will
be presented for the derivation of methods based on variational approach. The stability and
convergence of explicit as well implicit methods will be discussed.
52
Recommended Books:
1. Shijun Liao, Beyond Perturbation, Chapman and Hall/CRC London New York
Washington, D.C (2003).
2. Abdul Majid Wazwaz, A first course in integral equation, World Scientific publishing
Co (1997).
3. Andrei D. Polynin and Alexander V. Manzhirov, A note book on Integral equation,
Chapman and Hall/CRC London New York Washington, D.C (2010).
MATH-505
Semigroup Theory
Introductory ideas: Basic definitions, Cyclic semigroups; Ordered sets, semi lattices and
lattices. Binary relations; Equivalences; Congruences; Free semigroups; Greens
Equivalences; L,R,H,J and D; Regular semigroups, O-Simple semigroups; Simple and OSimple semigroups; Isomorphism and normalization, Reess theorem; Primative idempotents;
Completely O-Simple semigroups; Finite congruence-free semigroups, Union of groups;
Bands; Free bands; varieties of bands.
Objectives: To introduce students to semigroup theory, which is the study of sets with one
associative binary operation and comparisons between semigroups, groups and rings. Further
to be familiar with the most important examples of semigroups and be able to perform
calculations in them. Understand the basic structure theory of semigroups.
Recommended Books:
1. The Algebraic Theory of Semigroups; A.H. Clifford and G.B. Preston, Vol. I & II.
AMS Math. Surveys, 1961 and 1967.
2. An Introduction to Semigroup Theory by J.M. Howie, Academic Press 1967.
3. Semigroup Theory and Applications by P. Clement, 2001.
MATH-506
Theory of Group Actions
Survey of theory of group actions, Applications of group actions, Transitivity and ktransitivity, Primitivity, Finite fields and their extensions, Projective line over finite fields,
Finite geometries, Projective spaces and their groups, Actions of PGL (n,q) and PSL (n,q) on
PG (n-I,q), Simplicity of projective special linear groups over finite fields, Modular group,
Parameterization of action of the extended modular group on projective lines over finite
fields. Projective and linear groups through actions.
Objectives: The basic objective of this course is to make a better understanding of finite
geometries , Projective spaces and their groups, finite fields and their extensions Projective
lines over finite fields, transitivity of action, K- transitive and Primitive groups . And then to
53
teach a student about actions of different kind of linear, Modular and projective groups over
finite fields on Projective lines over finite fields.
Recommended Books:
1. Generators and Relations for Discrete Groups by Coxeter, H.S.M. and Moser, W.O.,
Springer-Verlag, 1980.
2. A Course in Group Theory by J.S. Rose, Cambridge University Press. 1978.
3. Presentation of Groupsby Johnson, D.L., Cambridge Lecture Notes, 1976.
4. Finite Group Theory by I. M. Isaacs, 2008.
MATH-507
Theory of Several Complex Variables
Review of 1-variable theory, Real and complex differentiability, Power series, Complex
differentiable functions, Cauchy integral formula for a polydisc, Cauchy inequalities, The
maximum principle. Hartogs figures, Hartogs theorem, Domains of holomorphy,
Holomorphic convexity, Theorem of Cartan Thullen. The Levi form, Geometric interpretation
of its signature, E.E. Levis theorem, Connections with Kahlerian geometry, Elementary
properties of plurisubharmonic functions. Definition and examples of complex manifolds.
The d-operators, The Poincare Lemma and the Dolbeaut Lemma, The Cousin problems,
Introduction to Sheaf theory.
Objectives: After the successful completion of this course students will be able to
demonstrate knowledge of the syllabus material. Also they will be able to know about
continuity and differentiability of the functions of several complex variables and they will be
able to apply the Theory of several complex variables to solve the problems Chomology.
Recommended Books:
1. Complex Manifolds by J. Morrow and K. Kodaira, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New
York, 1971.
2. An Introduction to Complex Analysis in Several Variables by L. Hormander, D. Van
Nostrand, New York, 1966.
3. Several Complex Variables by H. Grauert and K. Fritsche, Springer Verlag, 1976.
4. Several Complex Variables and Complex Manifolds by M. Field, Cambridge
5. Function Theory of Several Complex Variables by S. G. Krantz, 2001.
6. Complex Analysis: Fundamentals of the Classical Theory of Functions by John
Stalker, Birkhauser Verlag, 2003.
7. Complex Analysis (Princeton Lectures in Analysis Series Vol. II) by Elias M. Stein,
Rami Shakarchi, Princeton University Press, 2003.
MATH-508
Topological Vector Spaces

54
Balanced sets, absorbent sets, convex sets, linear functional, linear manifolds, sublinear
functionals and extension of linear functional.
Definitions and general properties, product spaces and guohent spaces, bounded and totally
bounded sets, convex sets and compact sets in toplogical vector spaces, closed hyperplanes
and separation of convex sets, complete topological vector spaces, meterizable topological
vector spaces, normed vector spaces, normal toplogical vector spaces and finite dimensional
spaces.
General properties, subspaces, product spaces, quotient spaces, convex and compact sets in
locally convex spaces, hornological spaces, barreled spaces, spaces of continuous function,
spaces of indefinitely differentiable function, the notion of distribution, unclear spaces,
montal spaces, Sehwartz spaces, (DF)-spaces and Silva spaces.
Objectives: The goal of this course is to study vector spaces in light of different topological
concepts. A student is given knowledge about linear functional linear manifold and about
balanced, Absorbent and convex sets in a vector space. A topological vector space, product
spaces bounded and totally bounded sets, Convex sets and locally convex spaces, closed
hyper planes and separation of convex sets, and some basic knowledge of meterizable
normal and complete topological vector spaces is given.
Recommended Books:
1. Toplogical Vector Spaces by Robertoson, A.P. and Robertson, W., Cambridge
2. Toplogical Vector Spaces by Cristescu, R., Noordhoff International Publishing,
Netherlands, 1977.
3. Toplogical Vector Spaces by Treves, F., Distributions and Kernels Academic Press
New York, 1967.
4. Toplogical Vector Spaces by Horvath, J., Addison-Wesley, 1966.
5. Topological Vector Spaces by Schaefer, H., Springer-Verlage, 1966.
6. Topological Vector Spaces by L. Narici and E. Becktnstein, 2010.
MATH-509
Loop Groups
Complex Groups, Compact Groups, Root Systems, Weyl Groups, Complex Homogeneous
Spaces, Borel-Weil theorem. Infinite dimensional manifolds, Groups of maps as infinite
dimensional Lie groups, The Loop group L(G) = Maps (S1 ,G) and its basic properties. Lie
algebra extensions, the Co-adjoint action of the loop group on its Lie algebra, Kirillov
method of orbits, group extension of simply connected Lie groups, Circle bundles,
Connections and curvature. The affine Weyl group and its root system, Generators and
relations.
Objectives: Upon the successful completion of this course students will be able to
demonstrate knowledge of the finite dimensional Lie groups, Groups of smooth maps and
Kac-Moody Lie Algebras. Also they will be able to know about the affine Weyl group and its
root systems.
Recommended Books:
1. Loop Groups by A. Pressley and G. Segal., Oxford University Press, 1986.
2. Infinite Dimensional Lie Algebras by V.G. Kac, Birkhauser, 1983.
55
3. Lie Algebra; Theory and Algorithms by W. A. D. Graff, 2000.

4. Langland Correspondence for Loop Groups by Edward Frenkel, Cambridge Studies in
Advanced Mathematics, 2007.
MATH-510 Nilpotent and Soluble Groups
Normal and Subnormal Series, Abelian and Central Series, Direct Products, Finitely
Generated Abelian Groups, Splitting Theorems, Solube and Nilpotent Groups, Commutators
Subgroup, Derived Series, The Lower and Upper Central Series, Characterization of Finite
Nilpotent Groups, Fitting Subgroup, Frattini Subgroup, Dedekind Groups, Supersoluble
Groups, Soluble Groups with Minimal Condition. Subnormal Subgroups, Minimal Condition
on Subnormal Subgroups, The Subnormal Socle, the Wielandt Subgroup and Wielandt Series,
T-Groups, Power Automorphisms, Structure and Construction of Finite Soluble T-Groups.
Objectives: The objective of this course is to make a student understand about some
important series of groups, direct products, finitely generated Abelian groups, Soluble and
Nilpotent groups. In this course students learn to characterize Finite Nilpotent groups, Fitting
groups, Frattini subgroup, Dedikind groups, subnormal subgroups, Weilandt subgroup and
Weilandt series and then T-groups.
Recommended Books:
1. A Course in the Theory of Groups by Robinson, D.J.S., Graduate Textes in
Mathematics 80, Springer, New York, 1982.
2. Finite Soluble Groups by Doerk, K. and Hawkes, T., De Gruyter Expositions in
Mathematics 4, Walter De Gruyter, Berlin, 1992.
3. The Theory of Infinite soluble Groups by J. Carson and D. J. S. Robinson, 2004.
MATH-511 Commutative Algebra
Commutative Rings: Definition and examples, Integral domains, unit, irreducible and prime
elements in ring, Types of ideals, quotient rings, Rings of fractions, Ring homomorphism,
Euclidean Domains, Principal ideal domains and Unique Factorization domains. Polynomial
and Formal Power series Rings, Factorization in polynomial rings, Irreducibility Criteria.
Noetherian Rings, Polynomial extension of Noetherian domains, Quotient ring of Noetherian
rings, Ring of Fractions of Noetherian rings. Dimension of Rings: Chain of prime ideals in a
domain, Length of chain of prime ideals, Dimension of ring, Dimension of Polynomial
rings.Integral Dependence: Ring extension, Integral element, Almost integral element,
Integral closure of a domain, Complete integral closure of domain, integrally closed domain.
Completely integrally closed domain. Valuation Rings: Valuation map and value group, Rank
of a valuation, Discrete Valuation Rings and Dedekind domains: Fractional ideals, finitely
generated fractional ideals, invertible fractional ideals, Dedekind domain.
demonstrate knowledge of the commutative rings, polynomials and formal power series
rings, Noetherian rings and valuation rings. Also they will be able to know about the
definitions of different types of Rings and related topics to identify and construct examples
and to distinguish examples from non-examples.
Recommended Books:
1. Commutative. Algebra by O. Zariski and P. Samual, Vol. l, Springer-Verlag, New
York, 1958.
2. Introduction to Commutative Algebra by M. F. Anayah and L. G. Macdonald, Addison
Wesley Pub. Co., 1969.
3. Multipllcative Ideal Theory by R. Gilmer, Marcell Dekker, New York, 1972.
4. Commutative Ring theory by H. Matsumura, Cambridge University Press, 1986.
56
5. Combinatorial Commutative Algebra by E. Miller and B. Sturmfuls, 2005.

6. Introduction to Ring Theory by P.M. Cohn, Springer undergraduate mathematics
series, Springer, 2000.
7. Exercises in Classical Ring Theory by T. Y. Lam, 2nd ed., Springer, 2003.
MATH-512 Banach Algebras
Banach Algebra: Ideals, Homomorphisms, Quotient algebra, Wieners lemma. Gelfands
Theory of Commutative Banach Algebras: The notions of Gelfands Topology, Radicals,
Gelfands Transforms. Basic properties of spectra. Gelfand-Mazur Theorem, Symbolic
calculus: differentiation, analytic functions, integration of A-Valued functions. Normed rings.
Gelfand-Naimark theorem.
Objectives: The basic goal of this course is to make understanding of what Banach Algebras
are what are ideals, Homomorphisms and Quotient Algebras of the Banach Algebras. Next to
teach a student the Gelfand theory of commutative Banach algebras and basic properties of
Spectra, Symbolic Calculus, Normed rings and in the end Gelfand-NAinmark Theorem.
Recommended Books:
1. Functional Analysis by Rudin, W., McGraw Hill Publishing Company Inc. New York.
2. Normed Algebras by M.A. Naimark, M., Wolters Noordhoff Publishing Groningen.
The Netherlands 1972.
3. Banach Algebras by Zelazko, W., American Elsevier Publishing Company Inc.New
York, 1973.
4. Banach Algebras by Rickart, C.E., D. Van Nostrand Company Inc. New York 1960.
5. Banach Algebras and General Theory of Algebras by T. W. Palmer, 2001.
MATH-513 Lie Algebras
Definitions and Examples of Lie algebras ideals and quotients simple, solvable and nilpotent
Lie algebras radical of a Lie algebra, Semisimple Lie algebras, Engels milpotency criterion,
Lies and Cartan theorems Jordan-Chevalley decomposition. Killing forms dimension 4;
Applications of Lie algebras.
Objectives: After the successful completion of this course the students will be able to know
about Lie algebras, nilpotent and solvable Lie algebras and related topics. They will also be
able to know about Jordan-Chevalley decomposition and its applications.
Recommended Books:
1. Introcution to Lie Algebras and Representation Theory by Humphreys, J.E. , Springer
Verlag, 1972.
2. Elementary Lie algebra theory by Lepowsky, J. and Mecollum, G.W., Yale University,
1974.
3. Lie algebras by Jacobson, N., Intersciences, New York, 1962.
4. Introduction to Lie Algebras by K. Erdmann and M. J. Wildon, 2007.
5. Lie Algebras; Theory and Algorithms by W. A. D. Graff, North Holland, 2000.
6. Introduction to Lie Algebras, Karin Erdmann, Mark J. Wildon, Springer, 2006.
MATH-514 Spectral Theory in Hilbert Spaces
Spectral analysis of unitary and self-adjoint operators: resultion of the indentity, integral
representations. The Caley transform. Spectral types, commutative operators. Rings of
bounded self-adjoint operators and their examples.
Objectives: This course presents the basic tools of modern analysis within the context of the
fundamental problem of operator theory: to calculate spectra of specific operators on infinite
dimensional spaces, especially operators on Hilbert spaces. The tools are diverse, and they
provide the basis for more refined methods that allow one to approach problems that go well
beyond the computation of spectra: the mathematical foundations of quantum physics,
57
noncommutative k-theory, and the classification of simple C*-algebras being three areas of
current research activity which require mastery of the material presented here. The book is
based on a fifteen-week course which the author offered to first or second year graduate
students with a foundation in measure theory and elementary functional analysis.
Recommended Books:
1. Theory of linear operators: Vol. II by Akhiezer and Clazman., Frederick Ungar
Publishing Co., 1963.
2. Theory of Differential Operators by Naimark, M., George Harrapand Co., 1967.
3. Introduction to Spectral Theory in Hilbert Spaces by G. Helmberg, Dover
Publications, 2008.
MATH 515 Heat and Mass Transfer
Laws of thermodynamics, Momentum transfer, Relation between heat and momentum
transfer, Modes of heat transfer, Fouriers law of heat conduction, Law of conservation of
energy, Equation for temperature field, Concept of velocity and thermal boundary layers,
Forced and free convection, Radiation and its applications, Heat transfer by conduction and
convection-heat exchanger, Mass transfer and its modes, Ficks law of diffusion, Equation for
concentration field, Steady mass diffusion through a wall, Diffusion of a mass in a moving
medium, Convective mass transfer, Mass transfer equation with chemical reaction.
Objectives: This course enables the student to understand the terminology and principal use
in heat and Mass transfer analysis and solve the energy and momentum balance equation by
the computer or hand generated solutions.
Recommended Books:
1. Advances in Heat Transfer by Young I. Cho, George A. Green, Academic press, 2011.
2. Heat and Mass transfer by Sawheny G. S., Second Edition, I. K. International Pvt.
Ltd., 2010.
3. Heat and Mass transfer by Hans Dieter Baehr, Karl Stephan, Springer, 2006.
4.
Heat Convection by Latif M. Jiji, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2006.
MATH 516
Introduction to Modeling and Simulation
This course surveys the basic concepts of computer modeling in science and engineering
using discrete particle systems and continuum fields. It convers techniques and software for
statistical sampling, simulation, data analysis and visualization and use statistical, quantum
chemical, molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo, mesoscale and continuum methods to study
fundamental physical phenomena encountered in the fields of computational physics,
chemistry, mechanics, materials science, biology and applied mathematics. Applications are
drawn from a range of disciplines to build a broad-based understanding of complex structures
and interactions in problems where simulation is on equal footing with theory and
experiment. A term project allows development of individual interests. Students are mentored
by a coordinated team of participating faculty from across the Institute.
Objectives: The course will give brief and concise discussion on models of complex system
in engineering and control systems. Modeling of layers of societys critical infrastructure
networks will be performed. Building tools to view and control simulation and their results is
58
an essential part of the course. This course establishes an unambiguous, common vocabulary
to discuss modeling and simulation. Identify, general characteristics of simulations determine
under which circumstances simulations are useful in engineering.
Recommended Books:
1. Applied numerical methods with softwares by Schoichito Nakamura, Prentice Hall
1991.
2. Numerical methods using Matlab by J. H. Methews and K. K. Fink, 4th Edition,
Prentice Hall 2004.
3. Numerical Analysis by R. L. Burden, 9 Edition, Brooks Cole, 2010.
MATH 551
Newtonian Fluids
Some examples of viscous flow phenomena, properties of fluids, boundary conditions,

equation of continuity, the Navier-Stokes equations, the energy equation, boundary condition,
orthogonal coordinate system, dimensionless parameters, velocity considerations, two
dimensional considerations, and the stream functions. Couette flows, Poiseuille flows,
unsteady duct flows, similarity solutions, some exact analytical solutions from the papers.
Introduction; laminar boundary layer equations, similarity solutions, two-dimensional
solutions, thermal boundary layer, Some exposure will also be given from the recent literature
appearing in the journal.
Objectives: The aim of the course is to use the Reynolds Transport Theorem to derive the
Continuity Equation, Energy Equation and the Momentum Equation. Use the Energy
Equation to evaluate the work done by a fluid in motion. Use the Energy Equation to
determine the energy loss through any fluid system and to evaluate flow through a multi-pipe
system. Students will learn about the presence of the planetary boundary layer within the
troposphere. Then using real life data, observe the changing levels of the boundary layer.
Recommended Books:
1.
F.M.White, Viscous fluid flow, McGraw Hill inc., 1991.
2.
H.Schlichting and K.Gertsen, Boundary layer theory, Springer, 1991.
3.
P.A.Davidson, An introduction to magnetohydrodynamics, Cambridge

MATH 552 Advanced Integral Equations

Existence Theorems, Integral Equations with L 2 Kernels. Applications to partial differential
equations. Integral transforms, Wiener-Hopf Techniques.
Objectives: The purpose of this course is to transform the BVP and IVP into integral
transform and then solve the integral transform by different analytic and numerical methods.
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Recommended Books:
1. Harry Hoch Stadl, Integral Equations, John Wiley, 1973.
2. Stakgold, I., Boundary Value Problems of Mathematical Physics, Macmillan, New
York, 1968.
3. Multidimensional Integral Equations and inequalities by B. G. Pschpatte, 2011.
MATH 553 Numerical Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations

Introduction: Ordinary differential equations: IVPs, BVPs and applications, Numerical
integration of IVPs, Method of superposition, method of Chasing, The Adjoint Operator
Method, Iterative Methods The Shooting Methods, Iterative methods, The Finite-Difference
Method, Method of Transformation- Direct Transformation,
Objectives: The objective of this course is to introduce students to the methods, tools and
ideas of numerical computation. The emphasis of the course will be on problem solving using
computer to give students an opportunity to sharpen their skills in programming. A final
objective is to familiarize students with the intelligent use of powerful and versatile systems
such Matlab, Maple, Mathematica, Mathcad, Fortron and others in attacking numerical
problems and obtaining not only numerical but also graphical results.
Recommended Books:
1. Computer Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations and Differential-Algebraic
Equations by Uri M. Ascher and Linda R. Petzold, published by SIAM, 1998
2. Computational Methods in Engineering Boundary Value Problems by T.Y. Na.
3. Numerical Analysis by R. L. Burden and J. D. Faires, Seventh Edition, PWS
Publishing Company, Boston, USA.
4. Numerical Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations by K. Atkinson, W. Han and
D. E. Stewart, 2011.
MATH 554 Electrodynamics
Maxwells equations, electromagnetic wave equation, boundary conditions, waves in
conducting and non-conducting media, reflection and polarization, energy density and energy
flux, Lorentz formula, wave guides and cavity resonators, spherical and cylindrical waves,
inhomogeneous wave equation, retarded potentials, Lenard-Wiechart potentials, field of
uniformly moving point charge, radiation from a group of moving charges, field of oscillating
dipole, field of an accelerated point charge.
Objectives: The aim in this course is to present the basic subject matter with emphasis on the
unity of electric and magnetic phenomena. Moreover a number of topics will be developed
and utilized in mathematical physics which are useful in electromagnetic theory and wave
mechanics. The effects of radiation and fields of uniform and accelerated point charges will
be discussed.
Recommended Books:
1. Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory by J. R. Reitz and F. J. Milford, published by
Addison Wesley, 1969.
2. Classical Electricity and Magnetism by K. H. Panofsky and M. Phillips, published by
3. Introduction to Electromagnetic Fields and Waves by D. Corson and P. Lorrain,
published by Freeman, 1962.
4. Classical Electrodynamics by D. W. Jackson, published by John Wiley.
5. Electrodynamics by F. Melia, 2001.
MATH 555
General Relativity
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The Einstein field equations, the principles of general relativity, the stress-energy momentum
tensor, the vacuum Einstein equations and the Schwarzschild solution, the three classical tests
of general relativity, the homogeneous sphere and the interior Schwarzschild solution,
Birkhoffs theorem, the Reissner-Nordstrom solution and the generalized Birkhoffs theorem,
the Kerr and Kerr-Newman solution, essential and coordinate singularities, event horizon and
black holes, Eddington-Finkelstein, Kruskal-Szekres coordinates, Penrose diagrams for
Schwarzschild, Reissner-Nordstrom solutions.
Objectives: The objectives of this course are to give students a basic understanding of
Einstein's theory of General Relativity. It will provide understanding for how space-time
geometry underlies the structure of our universe and how this leads to theory of gravity that
reproduces Newton's force of gravity in the appropriate limit, but also loads to new
phenomena.
Recommended Books:
1. Introduction to General Relativity by R. M. Wald, published by University of Chicago
Press, Chicago, 1984
2. Inroduction to General Relativity by R. Alder, M. Bazine, and M. Schiffer, published
by McGraw-Hill Inc., 1965
3. Essential Relativity by W. Rindler, published by Springer Verlag, 1977.
4. General Relativity by N. M. J. Woodhouse, 2007.
MATH 556 Elastodynamics
Waves in infinite media. Half-space problems; Surface waves. Dispensive media. Diffraction
and scattering due to irregular structures.
Objectives: The main objective is to study certain general consequences of the equations
governing classical elastodynamics with limitation mechanically homogeneous and isotropic
solids.
Recommended Books:
1. Introduction to Elastodynamics by Zaman, F.D., U.G.C. Monograph.
2. Wave Propagations in Elastic Solids by Achenbach.
3. Reciprocity in Elastodynamics by J. D. Achenbach, 2003.
MATH 557 Plasma Theory
Definition of plasma, temperature, Debye shielding, the plasma parameter, criteria for
plasmas, introduction to controlled fusion.Wave propagation in plasma, derivation of
dispersion relations for simple electrostatic and electromagnetic modes. Equilibrium and
stability (with fluid model), Hydromagnetic equilibrium/diffusion of magnetic field into a
plasma, classification of instabilities, two-stream instability, the gravitational instability,
resistive drift waves. Atomospheric source of magnetospheric plasma and its temperature,
plasma from Jupiter.
Objectives: The objectives of this course are to educate students in the fundamentals of
plasma physics, to teach students to become proficient in using fluid equations to study wave,
stability and transport phenomena, to provide an introduction to plasma kinetic theory and
waves in plasmas and to provide an introduction to controlled fusion research.
Recommended Books:
1. Introduction to Plasma Physics by Chen, F.F., Plenum Press, New York, 1974.
2. Principles of Plasma Physics by Krall, N.A. and Trivelpiece, A.W., McGraw-Hill
Book Company, 1973.
3. Controlled thermonuclear reactions by Glasstone, S., and Lovberg, R.H., Van
Nartrand Company, 1960.
61
4. Magnetospheric Plasma Physics by Nishida, A., D. Reidel Publishing Compnay, 1982.

5. Plasma Astrophysics by Melrose, D.B., Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1980.
6. High Informative Plasma Theory by V. Erofeer, 2011.
MATH-601 Variational Inequalities
Variational Problems, Existence results for the general implicit variational problems, Implicit
Ky Fans inequality for monotone functions, Jartman Stampacchia theorem for monotone
compact operators, Selection of fixed points by monotone functions, Variational and
quasivariational inequalities for monotone operators.
Objectives: At the end of this course the students will be able to understand the basic concept
of variational inequalities, convex function, minimum of convex functions, formulation of
variational inequalities, approximation and projection theorems. Study the existence of
unique solution of variational inequalities and related problems. Preparing students to be self
independent and enhancing their mathematical ability by giving them home work and
projects.
Recommended Books:
1. Variational Inequalities by J.L. Liions., and G. StamPacchia, Comm. Pure Appl. Math
20, 1967.
2. Implicit Variational Problems and Quasi Variational Inequalities by V. Mosco.,
Lecture Notes in Mathematics-543, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1976.
3. Variational and Quasi-variational Inequalities by C. Baiocchi and A. Capelo, Wiley,
1984.
4. An Introduction to Variational Inequalities and their applications by D. Kinderlehrer
and G. Stampacchia, 2000.
MATH-602 Theory of Complex Manifolds
Algebraic preliminaries; Almost complex manifolds and complex manifolds; connections in
almost complex manifolds; Hermitian metrics and Kaehler matrics; Kaehler metric in local
coordinate systems; Examples of Kaehler manifolds; Holomorphic sectional curvature; De
Rham decomposition of Kaehler manifolds; Curvature of Kaehler submanifolds; Topology of
Kaehler manifolds with positive curvature. Hermitian connections in Hermitian vector
bundles.
Homogeneous spaces: Structure theorems on homogeneous complex manifolds; Invariant
connections on homogeneous spaces. Invariant connections on reductive homogeneous
spaces; invariant indefinite Riemannian metrics; holonomy groups of invariant connections;
the deRham decomposition and irreducibility; Invariant almost complex structures.
Objectives: In this course the student will study holomorphic functions in several variables in
some ways, which are similar to the familiar theory of functions in one complex variable, but
there are also many interesting differences. At the end of the, the students will be able to
apply basic theory complex manifolds
Recommended Books:
1. Shoshichi Kobayashi and Katsumi Nomizu, Foundations of Differential Geometry,
Vol.II, Interscience Publishers, John Wiley & Sons, 1969.
2. Shabat, B.V., Introduction to Complex Analysis, Part II, American Mathematical
Society, 1992.
3. Griffiths and Harris, Principles of Algebraic Geometry, Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1994.
MATH-603 C *-Algebras
Involutive Algebras, Normed Involutive algebra, C*-Algebras, Gelfand-Naimark theorem,
Positive functions, A characterization of C*-Algebras, Positive forms and representations,
Applications of C*-Algebras to differential operators.
62
Objectives: It is an advanced course of functional analysis and it will mainly focus on normed
related characterizations. At the end of the course the students will be able to apply C*
-algebra to differential operators.
Recommended Books:
1. C*-Algebras by Dixmier, J., North Holland Publishing Company 1977.
2. Functional Analysis by Rudin, W., McGraw Hill Publishing Company Inc. New York,
2006.
3. Normed Algebras by Naimark, M.A., Wolters. Noordhoff Publishing Groningen. The
Netherlands 1972.
4. C*-Algebras Vol. 3; General Theory of C*-Algebras by C. Constantinescu, North
Holland, 2001.
MATH-604 Von Neumann Algebras
The weak - and strong topologies, Elementary properties of Von Neumann Algebras,
Commutant and bicommutant, the density theorems, comparison of projections, introduction
to the classification of factors, Normal states and the predual, Gelfand-Naimark-Siegal
construction (GNS-constructions).
knowledge of the syllabus material. Students will also be able to use the definitions of VonNeumann algebras and associated topics to identify and construct examples and to distinguish
examples from non-examples. This course will extremely help the students for research in
algebra and analysis.
Recommended Books:
1. Von Neumann Algebras by Dixmier, J., North Holland, 1977.
2. C*-Algebras by Dixmier, J., North Holland, 1977.
3. W*-Algebras and Breach by Schwartz, J., Gordon, New York, 1967.
4. C*-Algebras and W*-Algebras by Sakai, S., Springer-Verlag, 2005.
MATH 651
Perturbation Methods
Parameter perturbations, coordinate perturbations, order symbols and gauge functions,

asymptotic series and expansions. Asymptotic expansion of intergrals, intergration by parts,
Laplaces method and Watsons lemma, method of stationary phase and method of steepest
descent. Straightforward expansions and sources of nonuniformity, the Duffing equation,
small Reynolds number flow past a phere, small parameter multiplying the highest derivative.
The method of strained coordinates, the Lindstedt Poincare methods, renormalization
method. Variation of parameters and method of averaging examples. Method of Multiple
scales with examples.
Objectives: Perturbation methods underlie almost all applications of physical applied
mathematics for example in boundary layer theory of viscous flow, celestial mechanics,
optics, shock waves, reaction-diffusion equations and nonlinear oscillations. The aims of the
course are to give a clear and systematic account of modern perturbation theory and how it
can be applied to differential equations.
Recommended Books:
1. Perturbation methods by Nayfeh, A.H., John Wiley & Sons, 2000.
63
2. Problems in Perturbation by Nayfeh, A.H., John Wiley & Sons, 1985.

MATH 652 Numerical Solutions of Partial Differential Equations
Boundary and initial conditions, polynomial approximations in higher dimensions. Finite
element method: The Galarkin method in one and more dimensions, error bound on the
Galarkin method, the method of collocation, error bounds on the collocation method,
comparison of efficiency of the finite difference and finite element method. Finite difference
method: Finite difference approximations. Application to solution of linear and non-linear
partial differential equations appearing in physical problems.
Objectives: The objective of this course is to introduce students to numerical methods for
partial differential equations, especially those of physical importance. It will be shown that
many obvious methods are unsuccessful, and that the majority of the successful methods are
guided by the physics and mathematics of the problem at hand. Simple model problems
representing several major classifications are studied for the sake of the general messages that
they convey. Relevant numerical techniques are discussed.
Recommended Books:
1. An Analysis of Finite Element Method by G. Strang and G. fix, published by Prentice
Hall, 1973.
2. Finite Element Analysis from Concepts to Applications by David S. Burnett,
published by Addison Wesley, 1987.
3. Numerical Modelling in Science and Engineering by Myron B. Allen, Ismael Herrera
and George F. Pinder.
4. Elementary Finite Element Method by G. S. Desai, published by Prentice Hall, 1988.
5. Numerical Solutions of Partial Differential Equations by K. W. Morton and B. F.
Mayers, 2005.
MATH 653
Cosmology
Review of Relativity. Historical background, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Cosmology. The

cosmological principle and its strong form. The Einstein and DeSitter universe models.
Measurement of cosmic distances. The Hubble law and the Friedmann models. Steady state
models, The hot big bang model, The microwave background. Discussion of significance of a
start of time. Fundamentals of high energy physics. The chronology and composition of the
Universe. Non-baryonic dark matter, Problems of the standard model of cosmology. Bianchi
spacetimes. Mixmaster models. Inflationary cosmology. Further developments of inflationary
models. Kaluza-Klein cosmologies. Review of material.
Objectives: This course is a graduate-level introduction to astrophysical cosmology, with

emphasis on the standard big bang theory of the universe and in the later part of the course,
its extension to a more detailed theory (the inflation + cold dark matter + cosmological
constant model) that is presently the leading scenario for explaining the origin of structure in
the universe.
Recommended Books:
1. Peebles, P.J.E., Principles of Physical Cosmology, Princeton University Press
1993.
64
2. Ryan, M.P.Jr. and Shepley, L.C., Homogeneous Relativistic Cosmologies, Princeton

University Press 1975.
3. Kolb, E.W. and Turner, M.S., The Early Universe, Addison Wesley 1990.
4. Abbott, L.F. and Pi, S.Y., Inflationary Cosmology, World Scientific 1986.
5. Cosmology by M. R. Robinson, 2004.
MATH 654 Solid Mechanics
Fluid Mechanics Lagrangian and Eulerain descriptions of motion, analysis of strain, Balance
laws of continuum mechanics, Frame-indifference, Constitutive equations for a nonlinear
elastic material. Linear elasticity as a linearization of nonlinear elasticity. Incompressibility
and models of rubber. Exact solutions for incompressible materials, phase transformations,
shape-memory effect.
Objectives: Solid Mechanics is a collection of physical laws, mathematical techniques and
computer algorithms that can be used to predict the behavior of a solid material that is
subjected to mechanical or thermal loading. The field has a wide range of applications,
including.
Recommended Books:
1. Applied Mechanics of Solids by A. F. Bower, Ist Edition, CRC Press, 2009.
2. Viscous Fluid Flow by F.M. White, McGraw Hill Inc., 1991.
MATH 655
Numerical Optimization
Introduction, Fundamental of unconstrained optimization, Line search methods, Trust-Region

methods, Conjugate gradient methods, Quasi-Newton methods, Large scale unconstrained
optimization, Calculating Derivatives, Derivative free optimization, Least square problems,
nonlinear equations, theory of constrained optimization, linear programming, the Simplex
method, interior point methods, fundamental of algorithms for nonlinear constrained
optimization, quadratic programming, penalty and augmented Lagrangian methods,
sequential quadratic programming, interior point methods for nonlinear programming.
Objectives: In this course the students will learn numerical techniques used in problems
dealing with constrained and unconstrained optimization. After learning these techniques they
will use them in variety of problems arising in technological and industrial world.
Recommended Books:
1. Numerical optimization by J. Nocedal and Stephen J. Wright, Second ed. Springer
2006.
MATH 656
The Classical Theory of Fields

65
Review of continuum mechanics; solid and fluid media; constitutive equations and
conservation equations. The concept of a field. The four dimensional formulation of fields
and the stress-energy momentum tensor. The scalar field. Linear scalar fields and the KleinGordon equation. Non-linear scalar fields and fluids. The vector field. Linear massless scalar
fields and the Maxwell field equations. The electromagnetic energy-momentum tensor.
Electromagnetic waves. Diffraction of waves. Advanced and retarded potentials. Multipole
expansion of the radiation field. The massive vector (Proca) field. The tensor field. The
massless tensor field and Einstein field equations. Gravitational waves. The massive tensor
field. Coupled field equations.
Objectives: This course develops among students the understanding of concept of field and
its applications in fluids, relativity and quantum mechanics. In particular linear and nonlinear
scalar fields, vector fields will be addressed. Students will be given sound knowledge of some
well known field equations like KDV equation, Maxwell equation, Einstein field equations
and their implications.
Recommended Books:
1. Principles of Continua with Applications by Scipio, L.A., John Wiley, New York,
1969.
2. The Classical Theory of Fields by Landau, L.D., and Lifshitz, M., Pergamon Press,
1980.
3. Classical Electrodynamics by Jackson, J.D., John Wiley, New York, 1975.
4. Cravitation by Misner, C.W., Thorne, K.S., and Wheeler, J.A., W.H. Freeman, 1973.
5. Introduction to quantum field theory by Romen, P., John Wiley, New York, 1969.
6. The Classical Theory of Fields by C. S. Helrich, 2012.
Details of Core and Elective Courses for Ph. D. Mathematics Programs

MATH-701
Near Rings
Near Rings, Ideals of Near-rings, Isomorphism Theorems, Near Rings on finite groups, Nearring modules. Isomorphism theorem for R-modules, R-series of modules, Jorden-HolderSchrier Theorem, Type of Representations, Primitive near-rings R-centralizers, Density
theorem, Radicals of near-rings.
66
knowledge of the syllabus material. Students will also be able to use the definitions of Near
Rings and related topics to identify and construct examples and to distinguish examples from
non-examples. Also they will be able to apply the Isomorphism Theorems, Jorden-HolderSchrier Theorem and Density Theorem to solve the problems in Near Rings.
Recommended Books:
1. Near Rings by Pilz, G., North Holland, 1977.
2. Near Rings by M. Alchediak, 1967.
3. Near Rings; Some developments to link to Semigroups and Groups by G. Serreroro,
2000.
MATH-702 Advanced Ring Theory-I
Radical classes, semisimple classes, the upper radical, semisimple images, the lower radical,
hereditariness of the lower radical class and the upper radical class. Partitions of simple rings.
Objectives: After studying this course the students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of
the Ring Theory of advanced level. Also they will be able to know about Use definitions to
identify and construct examples of Radical classes, semisimple classes and to distinguish
examples from non-examples.
Recommended Books:
1. Radical and Semisimple classes of Rings by Wiegandt, R., Queens papers in Pure and
Applied Mathematics No. 37, queens University, Kingston, Ontario, 1974.
2. Advances in Ring Theory by D. V. Huynh, 2010.
MATH-703 Fixed Point Theory
Banachs contraction principle, Nonexpansive mappings, Sequential approximation
techniques for nonexpansive mappings, Properties of fixed point sets and minimal set,
Multivalued mappings, Brouwers fixed point theorem.
Objectives: In this course the student will learn the approximation of fixed points of
contractive mappings. Mainly the focus of the course will be on the existence side. At the end
of the course the student must be able to handle the fixed point solutions of nonlinear
functional equations both single and multi valued mappings.
Recommended Books:
1. Topics in Metric Fixed Point Theory by K. Goebel and W.A. Kirk, Cambridge
2. Fixed Point Theory by J. Dugundji and A.Granas, Polish Scientific Publishers,
Warszawa, 1982.
3. Fixed Point Theory by V.I. Istratescu, D. Reidel Publication Company, 1981.
4. Uniform Convexity, Hyperbolic Geometry and Nonexpansive Mapping by K. Goebel
and S. Reich, Marcel Dekker Inc. 1984.
5. Fixed Point Theory by A. Grenas and J. Dugeundji, 2003.
MATH-704 Commutative Semigroup Rings
67
Commutative Rings: Definition and examples, Integral domains, unit, irreducible and prime
elements in ring, Types of ideals, Quotient rings, Rings of fractions, Ring homomorphism,
Definitions and examples of Euclidean Domains, Principal ideal domains and Unique
Factorization domains. Dedekind and Krull Domains. Commutative Semigroups: Basic
notions, Cyclic Semigroups, Numerical Monoids,Ordered Semigroups, Congruences,
Noetherian Semigroups, Factorization in Commutative Monoids. Semigroup Ring and its
Distinguished Elements: Introduction of Polynomial Rings in one indeterminate including its
elements of distinct behaviours, Structure of Semigroup ring, Zero Divisors, Nilpotent
Elements, Idempotents Units. Ring Theoretic Properties of Monoid Domains: Integral
Dependence for Domains and Monoid Domains, Monoid Domains as Factorial Domains,
Monoid Domains as Krull Domains, Divisor Class Group of a Krull Monoid Domain.
demonstrate knowledge of the commutative semigroups, Ring Theoretic properties of
Monoid Domains and Krull Domains. Also they will be able to know about the definitions of
different related topics to identify and construct examples and to distinguish examples from
non-examples.
Recommended Books:
1. Introduction to Commutative Algebra by M. F. Atiyah and I. G. Macdonald, Addison
Wesley Pub. Co., 1969.
2. Multiplicative Ideal Theory by R. Gilmer, Marcell Dekker, New York, 1972.
3. Commutative Ring Theory by H. Matsumura, Cambridge University Press, 1986.
4. Commutative Semigroup Rings by R. Gilmer, The University of Chicago Press,
Chicago, 1984.
5. Commutative Semigroups by P. A. Grillet, 2001.
MATH-705 Homological Algebra
Revision of basic concepts of Ring Theory. Modules, Homomorphisms and Exact Sequences,
Product and co-product of Modules. Comparison of Free Modules and Vector Spaces
Projective and Injective Modules. Hom and Duality Modules over Principal ideal Domain
Notherian and Artinian Module and Rings Radical of Rings and Modules Semisimple
Modules.
Objectives: The basic Goal of this course is to relate ring theory with module theory and then
to compare free Modules and Vector spaces, Projective and Injective Modules. Next to give a
student concepts of Hom and Duality Modules over Principal ideal Domain , Notherian and
Artinian Module and Rings Radical of Rings and Module with semi simple modules.
Recommended Books:
1. Rings and Categories of Modules by K. R. Fuller and F.W. Anderson: Stringer Verlag
1973.
2. lectures on Rings and Modules by J. Lambek: New York, 1966.
3. Modules and Rings by F. Kasch: Academic Press, 1982.
4. Algebra, Holt, Rinehart and Winston by T.W. Hungerford: Inc. New York, 1974.
5. An Introduction to Homological Algebra by J. J. Rotman, Academic Press, New York,
1979.
6. Commutative Algebra by O. Zariski and P. Samual, Vol. I, Springer-Verlag, New
York, 1958.
7. Commutative Algebra by O. Zariski and P. Samual, Vol. II, Springer-Verlag, New
York, 1960
Wesley Pub. Co. 1969.
9. An Introduction to Homological Algebra by J. J. Rotman, 2009.
68
MATH 706 Representation of Finite-Algebra and Quivers

Finite length modules, right and left modules, minimal morphisms, radicals of rings and
modules, projective modules. Homological facts.
Artin algebras and categories. Projectivization, duality, structures of injective modules.
Blocks, quivers and their representations. Dynkin and Euclidean diagrams. Triangular matrix
rings, group algebras and skew group algebras, the transpose. Nakayama algebra, selfinjective algebras.
Defect and exact sequences, almost split sequences and morphisms, projective and injective
middle terms. Irreducible morphisms.Grothendieck groups, Asulander algebras. The
Auslander-Reite-quiver and finite-type. Cartan matrix. Translation quivers.
Objectives: The purpose of the course is primarily to address the graduate students starting
research in the representation theory of algebras. The representation of algebra involves the
classification of indecomposable, irreducible and completely reducible modules over the
algebras and the homomorphisms between them. The theory also involves the quivertheoretical techniques (by P. Gabriel) or the representation of algebras. It also involves
knowledge of the almost split sequences (by M. Auslander, I. Reiten)
Recommended Books:
1. Representation theory of Artin Algebras by M. Auslander, I. Reiten, S. Smalo,
Cambridge
studies in advanced Mathematics Vol. 36, Cambridge, 1995.
2. Daniel Simson and Andrzej Skowronski by Ibrahim Assem, Elements of
representation Theory of Associative Algebras, Cambridge University Press, 2006.
3. Lectures on Representations of Quivers by Willium Crawley-Boevey, Mathematical
Institute, Oxford University, 1992.
4. Blocks of Tame Representation Type and related Algebras by K. Erdman, lecture
Notice in Maths., Spring-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg 1990.
5. Auslander-Reiten sequences and representation-finite algebras by P. Gabriel, Lecture
Notes in Maths., Spring-Verlag, 831, Berlin-Heidelberg 1980, Volume 831/1980, 171, DOI: 10.1007/BFb0089778.
MATH-707 Theory of Semirings
Hemirings and Semirings: definitions and examples. Building new semirings from old.
Complemented elements in semrings. Ideals in semirings. Prime and semiprime ideals in
semirings. Factor semirings. Homomorphisms of semirings. Regular semirings. Hemiregular
and Intra-hemiregular hemirings.
Objectives: The aim of this course is to discuss a more general structure called theory of
Semirings. The different aspect of Semirings will be discussed. At the end of the course the
student must be awarded of the detailed characterization of Semirings.
Recommended Books:
1. The Theory of Semirings and Applications in Mathematics and Theoretical Computer
Science by J. S. Golan, Longman Scientific & Technical John Wiley & sons New
York, 1992.
2. Semirings Algebraic Theory and Applications in Computer Science by U Hebisch and
H. J. Weinert, Word Scientific Singapore, New Jersey London Hong Kong, 1998.
3. Advances in Ring Theory by D. V. Huynh, 2010.
MATH-708
Ordered Vector Spaces

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General facts about ordered sets, lattices, convergence, with respect to the order relation.
Topological vector spaces, locally convex spaces, uniform convergence, topologies in spaces
of linear continuous operators, Duality between vector spaces.
Ordered vector spaces, Directed spaces and Arehimedean spaces, Vector Lattice,
Decomposition of a vector lattice, Concrete spaces, Topological ordered vector spaces.
Objectives: The ordered will be considered on the set which would be most of the times
vector space and convergence will be studied in the ordered sense. At the coerce students will
be to apply their concepts in ordered spaces with topological sense.
Recommended Books:
1. Ordered Topological Vector Spaces by Peressini, A.L., Harper and Row, 1967.
2. Ordered Vector Spaces and Linear Operators by Cristescu, R., Taylor and Francis,
1976.
MATH-709 Banach Lattices
Vector lattices over the real field, ideals, bands and projections, maximal and minimal ideals
vector lattices of finite dimension, duality of vector lattices, normed vector lattices, abstract
M-spaces, abstract L-spaces, duality of AL- and AM-spaces.
about vector lattices over the real field and the related topics. They will also be able to know
about M-spaces, L-spaces and duality of AL- and AM-spaces. This course will help the
students in their research in advanced analysis.
Recommended Books:
1. Banch lattices and positive operators by Schaeff, H.H., 1971.
2. Banch lattices and positive operators by Schaeff, H.H.,, 1984.
3. Introduction to Banach Algebras, Operators, and Harmonic Analysis by H. Garth
Dales, London Mathematical Society Student Texts, 2003.
MATH-710
Approximation Theory
Best approximation in metric and normed spaces, Least square approximation, Rational
approximation, Haar condition and best approximation in function spaces, Interpolation,
Stone-Weierstrass theorem for scalar-and vector-valued functions, Spline approximation.
Objectives: The purpose of this course is to guide the students in learning about new
developments in approximation theory that have come up over the last 20 years. The
emphasis is on multivariate approximation theory. Most of the topics appear here are still
current areas of research. The instructor will cover positive definite functions, radial basis
interpolation, thin-plate splines, neural networks, ridge functions, box splines, approximation
on spheres, and wavelets. The students will learn practical problems from current research in
areas of science, engineering, geophysics, business, and economics.
Recommended Books:
1. Introduction to Approximation Theory by E.W. Cheney., McGraw-Hill, 1996.
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2. Best Approximation in Normed Linear Spaces by Elements of Linear Subspaces by I.

Singer., Springer-Verlag, 2003.
3. The Approximation of Functions I, II by J.R. Rice., Addison-Wesley, 1964.
4. A Course on Optimization and Best Approximation by R.B. Holmes., Lecture Notes
in Mathematics No.257, Springer-Verlag, 1971.
5. Approximation Theory and Methods by M.D. Powell., Cambridge University Press,
1981.
MATH-711 Topological Algebras

Definition of a Topological algebra and its Examples. Adjunction of Unity, Locally Convex
Algebras, Idempotent and m-convex sets, Locally Multicatively convex (l.m.c) algebras, Qalgebras, Frechet algebras, Spectrum of an element, Spectral radius, Basic theorems on
Spectrum, Gelfand-Mazur Theorem. Maximal ideals, Quotient algebras, Multiplicative linear
functionals and their continuity, Gelfand transformations, Radical of an algebra, Semi-simple
algebras, Involutive algebras, Gelfand-Naimark theorem l.m.c. algebras.
Objectives: After studying this course the students will be able to know about Topological
Algebra and related topics. Also they will be able to know about Use of definitions to identify
and construct examples of different types of algebras. Further this course is very useful for
the students to do research in Topology, algebra and Topological Algebra.
Recommended Books:
1. Topological Algebras by E. Beckenstein, L. Narici and C. Suffel, North-Holland
Company, 1977.
2. Topological Algebras by A. Mallios, Selected Topics, North-Holland Compnay, 1993.
3. Multiplicative Functions on Topological Algebras by T. Husain, Pitman Advanced
Publishing Program, 2001.
4. Locally Multiplicatively-convex Topological Algebras by E. Michael, Memoirs Amer.
Math. Soc. No.11, 1951.
5. Metric Generalization of Banach Algebras by W. Zelazko, Rozprawy
Matematyczne,1965.
6. Introduction to Banach Algebras, Operators, and Harmonic Analysis by H. Garth
Dales, London Mathematical Society Student Texts, 2003.
MATH-712 Fuzzy Algebra
Introduction, The Concept of Fuzziness Examples, Mathematical Modeling, Operations of
fuzzy sets, Fuzziness as uncertainty, Boolean Algebra and lattices, Equivalence relations and
partions, Composing mappings, Alpha-cuts, Images of alpha-level sets, Operations on fuzzy
sets, Definition and examples of Fuzzy Relations, Binary Fuzzy relations Operations on
Fuzzy relations, fuzzy partitions, Fuzzy ideals of semigroups, Fuzzy quasi-ideals, Fuzzy biideals of Semigroups, Characterization of different classes of semigroups by the properties of
their fuzzy ideals fuzzy quasi-ideals and fuzzy bi-ideals, Fuzzy Rings, Fuzzy ideals of rings,
Prime, semiprime fuzzy ideals, Characterization of rings using the properties of fuzzy ideals
Objectives: We study the subject of Fuzzy Algebra. Originally, the revolutionary theory of
Smarandache notions was born as a paradoxist movement that challenged the status quo of
existing mathematics. The genesis of Smarandache Notions, a field founded by Florentine
Smarandache, is alike to that of Fuzzy Theory: both the fields imperatively questioned the
dogmas of classical mathematics.
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Recommended Books:
1. A First course in Fuzzy Logic by Hung T. Nguyen, Chapman and Hall/CRC Elbert A.
Walker 1999.
2. Introduction to Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic by M. Ganesh, Prentice-Hall of India,
2006.
3. Fuzzy Commutative algebra by John N. Mordeson, World Scientific, 1998.D.S.
Malik,
4. Fuzzy Semigroups, Springer-Verlage, 2003 by John N. Mordeson, D.S. Malik and
Nobuki Kuroki.
MATH-713 Algebraic Number Theory

Algebraic Numbers: Algebraic Numbers and Number Fields, Discriminant, Norms and
Traces, Algebraic integers and Integral Bases, Factorization and Divisibility, Applications of
UFD. Arithmetics Number Fields: Quadratic Dields, Cyclotomic Fields, Units in Number
rings.Ideals Theory: Properties of Ideals, PIDs and UFDs, Dedekind rings, Norms of ideals,
Class group and Class Numbers of Quadratic Fields. Valuations: Definitions and First
properties of valuations, Valuation rings, DVRs, P-adic valuation.
Objectives: The aims of this unit are to enable students to gain an understanding and
appreciation of algebraic number theory and familiarity with the basic objects of study,
namely number fields and their rings of integers. In particular, it should enable them to
become comfortable working with the basic algebraic concepts involved, to appreciate the
failure of unique factorisation in general, and to see applications of the theory to Diophantine
equations.
Recommended Books:
1. Algebraic Number Theory by Richard A. Molin, Chapman & Hall, Washington D. C.,
(2005).
2. Number Theory I, Fundamental Problems, Ideas and Theories by A.N. Parshin and
I.R. Shafarevich, Springer-Varlag, Berlin Heidelbers, (1995).
3. Algebraic Number Fields by G.J. Janusz, Academic Press, New York and London
(1973).
MATH 714 Hopf Algebra and Quantum Groups
Algebra and modules, affine line and plane, graded and filtered algebra. Tensor products of
vector spaces, tensor products of algebras, tensor products of linear maps, dualities and
traces. Tensor and symmetric algebras, The Hopf algebra GL(2) and SL(2). Modules and
comodules over the Hopf algebras. Actions of finite-dimensional Hopf algebras and smash
products. Coradical and filtration, pointed Hopf algebras. Inner actions, crossed products.
Cleft extensions and existence of crossed products. Twisted H-comodule algebras, quantum
plane, Gauss polynomials and the q-binomial formula. The algebra and bialgebra structures
on Mq (2). The Hopf algebras GLq(2) and SLq(2). Coactions on quantum planes. Lie algebras,
enveloping algebras. The Lie algebras sl(2), the enveloping algebra of sl(2). Hopf algebra
structures on Uq(sl(2)). The Yang-Baxter equation. Braided bialgebra, R-Matrix. Antipode in
braided Hopf algebra. Cobraided bialgebra. Bicrossed product of groups, Variation on the
adjoint representation. Drinfelds quantum double.
Objectives: The aim of the course is to provide an introduction to the algebra behind the
quantum groups. Its main objective is to provide an opportunity for researchers and students
to Groups, Rings, Lie and Hopf Algebras. The quantum groups are the Hopf algebras which
72
arose in mathematical physics and have connections to various areas of mathematics. Hopf
algebra also came up in the representation theory of Lie groups and algebraic groups.
Recommended Books:
1 S. DSalescu, C. Nstsescu and S. Raianu, Hopf Algebras, An introduction, Marcel
Dekker, Inc, New York, Basel, 2001.
2 C. Kassel, Quantum Groups, Grad. Text Math., Vol. 155, Springer Verlag, New York,
1995.
3 S. Montgomery, Hopf algebras and their actions on rings, CBMS Reg. Conference
Series 82, Providence R. I, 1993.
4 S. Shnider and S. Sternberg, Quantum groups: From coalgebras to Drinfeld algebras,
(a guided tour), International Press, Inc., 1997.
5 M. E. Sweedler, Hopf Algebras, Benjamin, New York, 1969.
MATH 751 Advanced Analytical Dynamics-I
Equations of dynamics and their various forms, equations of Lagrange and Euler, Jacobis
elliptic functions and the qualitative and quantitative solutions of the problem of Euler and
Poisson, the problems of Lagrange and Poisson, dynamical systems, equations of Hamilton
and Appel, Hamilton-Jacobi theorem, separable systems, Holders variational principle and
its consequences.
Objectives: The objectives of this course are to present the principles and methods of
analytical mechanics based on Lagranges, Poisson, Jacobi and Hamiltons formulations of
the laws of classical mechanics and to give a theoretical basis for further studies in classical
and quantum mechanics.
Recommended Books:
1. Introduction to Dynamics by L. A. Pars, published by Heinmann, 2008.
2. A Treatise on Dynamics of Rigid bodies and Particles by E. T. Whittaker, published
by Cambridge University Press.
MATH 752 Non-Newtonian Fluids
Newtonian versus non-Newtonian behavior. Review of Newtonian fluid dynamics.
Elementary constitutive equations and their use in solving fluid dynamics problems.
Nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive equations and their use in solving fluid dynamics
problems. Modelling and solution of flow problems using different constitutive equations.
Objectives: The aim of the study is to model different types of fluids and then apply the basic
assumptions used in non-Newtonian fluids for ocean engineering and use scale models to
predict the behavior of a real system.
Recommended Books:
1. Dynamics of Polymeric Liquids by R.D.Bird, R.C.Armstrong, and O.Hassager, Vol. 1,
Fluid Mechanics, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2087.
2. Rheology and non-Newtonian flow by J.Harris, Longman, London.
MATH 753 Mathematical Techniques for Boundary Value Problems
Greens function method with applications to wave-propagation. Perturbation methods:
regular and singular perturbation techniques with applications, variational methods, a study
of transform techniques, Wiener-Hopf technique with application to diffraction problems.
Objectives: This course develops mathematical techniques which are useful in solving `realworld' problems involving linear and non-linear differential equations and aims to show in a
practical way how equations `work' and what kinds of solution behaviors can occur.
73
Recommended Books:
1. Perturbation Methods by A. Nayfeh, 1998.
2. Boundary Value Problems of Mathematical Physics by I. Stakgold.
3. Methods based on the Wiener-Hopf technique for the solution of Partial Differential
Equations by B. Noble.
4. Analytical Techniques in the Theory of Guided Waves by R. Mitra and S. W. Lee.
5. Mixed Boundary Value Problems by D. G. Duffy, 2008.
MATH 754 Group Theoretic Methods
Basic concepts of groups of transformation; parameter lie group of transformation (LGT);
Infinitesimal transformation (I.T); Infinitesimal generators; Lies first fundamental theorem;
Invariance; Canonical coordinates; Prolongations; Multi-parameter lie group of
transformations (MLGT); Lie algebra; Solvable lie algebra; Lies second and third
fundamental theorems.
Invariance of ODEs under (LGT) and (MLGT); Mappings of solutions to other solutions
from invariance of an ODE and PDE; Determining equations for (I.T) of an n-th order ODE
and a system of PDEs. Determination of n-th order ODE invariant under a given group;
Reduction of order by canonical coordinates and differential invariants; Invariant solutions of
ODEs and PDEs; Separatrices and envelops. Noethers theorem and Lie-Backlund
symmetries, Potential symmetries; Mappings of differential equations.
Objectives: The use of algebraic methods specifically group theory, representation theory,
and even some concepts from algebraic geometry is an emerging new direction. The purpose
of course is to give an entertaining but informative introduction to the background to these
developments and sketch some of the many possible applications. The course is intended to
be palatable by a non-specialist audience with no prior background in abstract algebra.
Recommended Books:
1. Symmetries and differential equations by G.W., Bluman and Sokeyuki Kumei.,
Springer-Verlag, N.Y. 1989.
2. Differential equations and group methods by James M. Hill., CRC Press, Inc. N.Y.
1992.
3. Continuous groups of transformations by I.P., Eisenhart., Dover Publications, Inc.
N.Y. 1961.
4. Group Theoretical Methods in Physics by G. H. Pogosyan and L. E. Vicent, 2005.
MATH 755 Advanced Numerical Analysis
Ordinary differential equations: IVPs, BVPs and DAEs and applications. Initial Value
Problems: (IVP) On problem stability: test equation and general definitions, linear constant
coefficient systems, linear variable coefficients systems, nonlinear problems and Hamiltonian
systems. (IVP) Basic methods and Basic concepts: A simple method (forward Euler),
convergence, accuracy, consistency, and 0-stability, absolute stability, stiffness, A-stability, Pstability and symmetry. (IVP) one-step methods: The First RK methods, general RK
methods, convergence, 0-stability, order for RK methods, explicit RK methods, implicit RK
methods and collocation methods. (IVP) linear multi-step methods: Adams methods, BDF
methods, initial values for multi-step methods, order, 0-stability, convergence, absolute
stability, predictor-corrector methods, modified Newton methods, variable step-size formulae,
estimating and controlling the local error and approximating the solution at off-step points.
linear BVPs and Greens function, stability of BVPs BVP stiffness and some reformulation
tricks. Boundary Value Problems (BVP) shooting: simple method and multiple shooting.
Boundary Value Problems (BVP) Finite difference methods for BVPs: midpoint and
Trapezoidal methods, solving linear equations, higher order methods, error estimations and
mesh selection, stiff problems and decoupling.
74
Objectives: The purpose of this course is to discuss the methods for IVP, BVP and DAEs.
The use of multistep methods along with error estimation will be presented. The student will
thoroughly go through stability, convergence, accuracy, efficiency and reliability of numerical
algorithms. They will also analyze and solve problems like mesh selection, stiffness and
decoupling.
Recommended Books:
1. Computer Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations and Differential-Algebraic
Equations by Uri M. Ascher and Linda R. Petzold, published by SIAM, 1998
2. Numerical Analysis, Seventh Edition by R. L. Burden and J. D. Faires, PWS
Publishing Company, Boston, USA.
3. An Introduction to Numerical Analysis by K. E. Atkinson, J. Wiley and Sons, 1989.
4. Numerical Solutions of Partial Differential Equations by W. Ames, Academic Press,
New York, USA, 1992.
5. Numerical Analysis by W. Gautschi, 2011.
MATH 756 Advanced Optimization Theory
Simplex method, bracketing method, Fibonacci method, golden section method, quadratic
and cubic search methods, multivariate methods, gradient and conjugate methods,
constrained optimization, penalty function approach and methods based on calculus of
variation.
Objectives: This course is designed to provide a good footing in well known single search
methods such as bracketing, Fibonacci, golden section, quadratic and cubic search, as
majority of the multivariate methods are ultimately reduced to a single search exercise. Live
problems would be identified and their solutions would be suggested through some of the
widely used concepts based on gradient and conjugate methods. The constrained optimization
would be discussed with emphasis on penalty function approach along with topics related to
calculus of variations.
Recommended Books:
1. Introduction to Optimization Theory by B. S. Gotfried and J. Weisman, published by
Prentice Inc., 1973.
2. Differential Equations and the Calculus of Variations by L. Elsgolts, published by Mir
Publishers, 1970.
3. Introduction to Non-Linear Optimization by D. A. Wismer and R. Chattergy,
published by North Holland, 1978.
4. Mathematical Optimization and Economic Theory by M. D. Intriligator, published by
Prentice Hall, 1971.
5. Optimization Theory by H. T. Jongen, K. Meer and E. Triesch, 2004.
MATH 757 Magnetohydrodynamics
Equations of electrodynamics, equations of fluid dynamics, Ohms law, equations of magneto
hydrodynamics. Motion of a viscous electrically conducting fluid with linear current flow,
steady state motion along a magnetic field, wave motion of an ideal fluid. Magneto-sonic
waves, Alfves waves, damping and excitation of MHD waves, characteristic lines and
surfaces. of simple waves, distortion of the profile of a simple wave, discontinuities, simple
and shock waves in relativistic magneto hydrodynamics, stability and structure of shock
waves, discontinuities in various quantities, piston problem, oblique shock waves.
Objectives: In this course the objective is to stress on basic formulation of MHD flow with
modification of Maxwells equations in fluid flow. Students will learn about the motion of
incompressible conducting fluid in presence of magnetic field. They will also develop
understanding of small amplitude waves and shock waves in MHD.
75
Recommended Books:
1. Magneto Hydrodynamics by T. G. Cowling, published by Interscience Publishers,
1963.
2. Magneto Hydrodynamics by A. G. Kulikowshy and A. G. Lyabimov, published by
3. Cosmical Electrodynamics by H. Alfven and C. Falthammar, published by Clarendon
Press, 1965.
4. Plasma Electrodynamics by A. I. Akhiezer, published by Pergamon Press, 1975.
5. Magneto Hydrodynamics by P. C. Kendall and C. Plumption.
6. An Introduction to Magnetohydrodynamics by P. A. Davidson, 2001.
MATH 758 Advanced Electrodynamics
General angular and frequency distributions of radiation from accelerated charges, Thomson
scattering, Cherenkov radiation, fields and radiation of localized oscillating sources, electric
dipole fields and radiation, magnetic dipole and electric quadruple fields, multipole fields,
multipole expansion of the electromagnetic fields, angular distributions, sources of multipole
radiation, spherical wave expansion of a vector plane wave, scattering of electromagnetic
wave by a conducting sphere.
Objectives: Our aim in this course is to focus on later developments in electromagnetic
radiations, multiple fields and multipole expansions, scattering of electromagnetic waves by
conductors and relation of electromagnetic theory with special relativity.
Recommended Books:
1. Classical Electrodynamics by D. W. Jackson, published by John Wiley.
2. Electromagnetic Theory by J. A. Straton, published by McGraw Hill.
3. Classical and Quantum Electrodynamics by M. W. Evans and L. B. Crowell, 2001.
MATH 759 Stochastic Processes
Stochastic processes, Markov processes, Queuing theory. Markov chains, discrete and
continuous time Morkov chains, transition matrix and probabilities, spatial Poisson processes,
compound and marked Poisson processes. Renewal phenomenon, discrete renewal theory.
Branching processes and population growth, queuing systems. Brownian motion and
martingales.
Objective: This course emphasis on model building and probabilistic reasoning. The
approach will be non-measure theoretic but otherwise rigorous. Though the subject is rich in
mathematical theory, the learning objective of many students exposed to stochastic processes
will be to develop knowledge in the subject for application to their own areas of interests. The
contents are mathematically rigorous fashion, with exposure to its use as a modeling and
analysis tool.
Books Recommended
1. Ross. S. M., Stochastic Processes, (PB) (2006).
2. Grimmet. G. and Stirzaker, D., Probability and Random Processes, 3rd Ed. Oxford
University Press, (2001).
3. Koehler. U Soresen, M., Exponential Families of Stochastic Processes, SpringerVerlag, New York, (1997).
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4. Suddhendu. B., Applied Stochastic Processes, A Bio statistical and Population

Oriented Approach, New Age International Publishers Limited, Wiley Eastern
Limited. UK: London, (1995).
5. Srinivasan.S.K and Mehata. K.M., Stochastic Process, 2nd Ed., National Book
Foundation, Islamabad.
MATH 760
Multivariate Methods and Analysis
Introduction: Some multivariate problems and techniques. The data matrix. Summary
statistics. Normal distribution theory: Characterization and properties. Linear Forms. The
Wishart distribution. The Hotelling T2-dustribution. Distributions related to the
multionormal. Estimation and Hypothesis testing: Maximum likelihood estimation and other
techniques. The Behrens-Fisher problem. Simultaneous confidence intervals. Multivariate
hypothesis testing. Design matrices of degenerate rank. Multiple correlation. Least squares
estimation. Discarding of variables.
Objectives: For multivariate analysis, the necessary statistical and mathematical background
is necessary. A course in multivariate methods and analysis traditionally tends to focus on
techniques that can be described as being primarily exploratory and descriptive. The main
objective of this course is to understand multivariate distributions, all of their properties
including for large sample sizes. Emphasis is also on the application and interpretation of
these methods in practice.
Recommended Books:
1. Multivariate Analysis by Mardia, K.V., Kent, J.T., and Bibby, J.M., Academic Press,
London, 1982.
2. Multivariate Analysis by Kshirsagar, A.M., Marcell Dekker, New York, 1972.
3. Methods of Multivariate Analysis by A. C. Renchar, 2002.
MATH 761
Nonlinear Differential Equations
General classifications of nonlinear differential equations. Basic theory of logistic equations.

Nonlinear ordinary differential equations and their logistic construction. Phase space analysis,
euquilibrium points and stability conditions. Poincare-Lindstedt method, Asymptotic
conditions, limit cycles and bifurcation, Krylov-Bogoliubov techniques for solution
construction. Order reduction. System of Nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Method
of averaging. Scaling techniques. Iterative maps and chaotic behaviour. Painleve analysis and
Painleve analytical iteration-procedure. Applications to nonlinear harmonic oscillators, van
der Pol oscillators, and nonlinear damping problem. Introduction to variational principles.
Euler-Lagrange partial differential equations. First order quasi-linear partial differential
equations. Method of characteristics. Exactly soluble problem. Geometrical interpretation of
the general solutions.
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Objectives: This course aims to apply mathematical modelling, differential equations,

existence and stability theory and apply numerical methods, theory of invariant manifolds,
different iteration procedure apply bifurcation theory and the implicit function theorem.
Recommended Books:
1. Introduction to Nonlinear Differential and Integral Equations by Davis, H.T., Dover
Publications, New York, 1962.
2. Ncnlinear Ordinary Differential Equations by Grimshaw, R., CRC Press, Baca Raton,
1991.
3. Painleve Differential Equations in complex Plane Walter de Gruyter by Gromak, V.I.,
Berlin 2002.
4. Asymptotic Expansions for Ordinary Differential Equation by Wasov, W., John Wiley
& Sons, New York, 1965.
5. Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations by Debnth, L., (2nd Edition) Birkhauser,
Boston, 2005.
MATH 762 Advanced Plasma Theory

Solution of localized Vlasov equation Vlasov theory of small amplitude waves in field free
uniform/nonuniform magnetized cold/hot plasmas, the theory of instability, Conservation of
particles, momentum and energy in quasilinear theory, Landau damping; the gentle-bump and
two-stream instability in quasilinear theory, plasma wave echoes, nonlinear wave-particle
interaction.
Shielding of a moving test charge, electric field fluctuations in maxwellian and
nonmaxwellian plasmas, emission of electrostatic waves, electromagnetic fluctuations,
emission of radiation from plasma, black body radiation; cyclotron radiation.
Objectives: The main objective of this course is to use the governing equations of plasma
physics to discuss the plasma theory of waves especially nonlinear Vlasov theory of waves.
Moreover, students are exposed to fluctuations, correlation and radiations in plasmas.
Recommended Books:
1. Principles of Plasma Physics by Krall, N.A., and Trivelpiece, A.W., McGraw-Hill
Book Company, 1973.
2. Plasma instabilities and nonlinear effects by Hasegawa, A., Springer Verlag, 1975.
MATH 763 Convective Heat Transfer: Viscous Fluids
Free convection boundary layer flow over a vertical flat plate, mixed convection boundary
layer flow along a vertical flat plate, free and mixed convection boundary layer flow past
inclined at horizontal plates, double-diffusion convection, convection flow in buoyant plumes
and jets, conjugate heat transfer over vertical and horizontal flat plates, free and mixed
convection from cylinders, free and mixed convection boundary layer flow over moving
surfaces, unsteady free and mixed convection, free and mixed convection boundary layer
flow of non-Newtonian fluids.
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Objectives: The objective of this course is to discuss the convective flow of viscous fluid
over flat horizontal and inclined plates under boundary layer assumption. The emphasis will
be given on cylindrical geometries and mixed convection boundary layer flow of nonNewtonian fluids.
Recommended Books:
1. Convective heat transfer: Mathematical and Computational modeling of viscous fluids
in porous media by I.Pop and D.B. Ingham, Elsevier, 2001
2. Convection in porous media by D.A.Nield and A.Bejan, Springer, Third Edition 2006.
MATH 764 Finite Element Analysis
Rational Bezier curves, properties of rational Bezier curves, Marsden identity, construction of
FEM basis function, the de Boor algorithm, dual functional, error approximation by
orthogonal functional, cubic Hermite interpolation, natural spline interpolation, quasi
interpolant, Schoenberg scheme, error of quasi interpolation, Lagrangian function for
interpolation, interpolation error, curves on uniform grid and their properties, interpolation
with curves on uniform grid, geometric Hermite interpolation, non-uniform rational Bsplines, construction of finite element basis on multidimensional space, Box splines,
recursion for Box splines, approximation on multidimensional space, ellipticity of
approximation, Ceas lemma, approximation theorems for FEM.
Objectives: The objective of finite element method is to discretize the domain into finite
element for which the governing equations are algebraic equations. Solution of these
algebraic equations gives the approximate solution of the non linear differential equations.
The convergence is judged by the refinement of mesh.
Recommended Books:
1. Introduction to the Mathematics of Subdivision Surfaces by Lars-Erik Andersson,
SIAM, 2010.
2. Numerical Models for Differential Problems by Quarteroni A., Springer, 2009.
3. Finite Element Method by Klaus-Jrgen Bathe, John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
4. Splines and Variational Methods by Prenter, P. M., A Wiley-Interscience
Publication, 2006.
MATH 765
Momentum and Thermal Boundary-Layer Theory
Steady two-dimensional flows: Approximate integral methods, numerical, Flow along a

vertical plates (cylinder/sphere): Approximate integral method, numerical method, Forced
convection flows: similarity solution of thermal boundary-layer equations, Approximate
integral method, numerical method, Natural convection flows: similarity solution of thermal
boundary-layer equation, Approximate integral method, numerical method, Boundary-layer
flow past a cylinder:
Three-dimensional boundary-layer flow at a cylinder, Similar and semi-similar solutions:
Unsteady motion of a body at rest, Oscillation of bodies in a fluid at rest, Boundary-layer
flow with periodic potential flow
Objectives: It visualize the development of velocity and thermal boundary layer during the
flow over the surface and derive the differential equation that governs the convection over the
basis of momentum, mass and energy balances and solve the equation for laminar and
turbulent flow.
79
Recommended Books:
1. Boundary layer theory by H.Schlichting and K.Gersten, 8 th Edition 2000, SpringerVerleg Berlin.
2. Viscous Fluid Flow by F.M. White, McGraw Hill Inc., 1991.
MATH 766
Astrophysics
Static stellar structure and the equilibrium conditions, Introduction to stellar modeling, The
Hertzprung-Russell diagram and stellar evolution, Gravitational collapse and degenerate
stars, White dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes, Systems of stars, irregular and globular
clusters, galaxies superclusters and filaments, astrophysical dark matter and galactic haloes.
Objectives: Students will be taught about astrophysics and its research methods on selected
examples. Aim is creating integrated actual astrophysical picture of the Universe. At the end
of this course students should be able to: solve basic problems of selected themes of
astrophysics and to understand the physical substance of cosmical bodies and astrophysical
phenomena.
Recommended Books:
1. An Introduction to the study of Stellar Structure by Chandrasekhar, S., Dover
Publications, Inc. 1967.
2. Astrophysics by Richard, L., and Deeming, T., Vol.I and II, Jones and Bartlett
Publishers, Inc., 1984.
3. Structure and Evolution of Stars by Schwarzschild, M., Dover Publications, New
York, 1965.
4. Gravitation by Misner, C.w., Thorne, K.S., and Wheeler, J.A., W.H., Freeman & Co.
1973.
5. Astrophysics; A new approach by W. Kundt, 2005.
MATH 767
Advanced Elastodynamics
Strain potential, Galerkin vector, vertical load on the horizontal surface of a half space,
Loves strain function, Biharmonic functions, Lambs problem, Cagniard-de Hoop
transformation.
Transient waves in a layer, forced shear motion of a layer.
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Thermoelasticity: thermal stresses Chadwicks solution of thermoelastic solutions.

Piezoelectricity. Tensor formultion of piezoelectricity, elastic waves in a piezoelectric solid,
Bleustein-Gnlayev waves.
Objectives: This is graduate level course. In this course the student will learn about loves
strain function, biharmonic function, Lamb problem and transient waves in a layer. The
material on elastic waves in a piezoelectric solid and Bleustein-Gnlayev waves will also be
covered. The students will also gain insight in the important area of thermoelasticity.
Recommended Books:
1. Elastic Waves in Solids by Dieulesant D. and Royer, F., John Wiley and Sons, New
York, 1980.
2. Foundations of Solid Mechanics by Fung, Y.C., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs,
1995.
3. Waves Propagation in Elastics Solids by Achenbach, North-Holland, Amsterdam,
1990.
MATH 768 Statistical Mechanics

Microstates; Macrostates; Multiplicity; The second law of thermodynamics; Microcanonical
Ensemble; Indistinguishability; Free Energy and Chemical Potential; Gibbs free energy;
Chemical Potential Dilute Solutions and Chemical Equilibrium. Boltzmann Factor; Averages;
Canonical Ensemble; Equipartion Theorem; Maxwell Speed Distribution; Partition
Functions, Free Energy; Composite Systems; Ideal Gas. Review of Quantum Mechanics
(Schoedinger Equation; Angular Momentum; Systems of Many particles); The Gibbs Factor;
Grand Canon9ical Ensemble; Bosons and Fermions; The Distribution Functions; Degenerate
Fermi Gas. Weakly Interacting Gases; Partition function; configuration integral; Cluster
Expansion; Second Virial Coefficient. Blackbody Radiation; Debye Theory of Solids; BoseEinstein Condensation; Non-Equilibrium Systems and Chaos; Application of Degeneracy to
White Dwarfs and Neutron Stars.
Objectives: This course aims to give students a deep understanding of the principles of
statistical mechanics and how to apply them to a wide variety of problems. At the end of the
course the student will have firm grasp of the fundamental principles of statistical mechanics.
Students should be able to identify situations where the methods of statistical mechanics may
be applied, simplify and model the situation in a physically reasonable and tractable fashion
and then utilize the formal and mathematical techniques learnt in the course to predict various
properties of the system at hand and be able to then verbally communicate what their
predictions mean in a natural setting.
Recommended Books:
1. Introduction to Modern Statistical Mechanics by D. Chandler , Oxford University
Press, 1987.
2. Mathematical Foundations of Statistical Mechanics by A. I. Khinchin, Dover
Publications, 1960.
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3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Introductory Statistical Mechanics by R. Bowley and M. Sanchez , Oxford University

Press, 1999.
Statistical Physics by L. D. Landau, and E. M. Lifshitz, Butterworth-Heinemann,
1984.
Quantum Statistical Mechanics by Leo Kadanoff, Gordon Baym, Westview Press,
2001.
Computational Statistical Mechanics by William G. Hoover, Elsevier Science
Publishers, 1991.
An Introduction to Chaos in Non equilibrium Statistical Mechanics by J. R. Dorfman,
Cambridge University Press, 2003.
MATH 769 Advanced Quantum Theory

Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Formalisms; Hamilton-Jacobi Equations; Noether Theorem;
Symmetries and Conservation laws; Lorentz Invariance and Relativistic Mechanics.
Operators in Banach Space and Operator Calculus; Applications to Quantum Computing and
Information Theory; Representation Theory (including Heisenberg; Schroedinger and
Holomorphic Representations); Deformation Quantization. Classical Field Theory; Examples
of Quantized Field Theories; Dirac Equation and Spinor Formulation; Electron Spin; Field
Theoretic Methods in Quantum Statistics. Free Particle Scattering Problems; General Theory
of Free Particle Scattering; Scattering by a Static Potential; Scattering Problems and Born
Approximation. Feynman Path Integral Formalism and Related Wiener theory of Functional
Integration; Perturbation theory and Feynman Diagrams; Regularized Determinants of
Elliptic Operators Supersymmetry and Path Integral Formalism for Fermions.
Objectives: Main objectives are to learn more on some new tools for the solution of the
quantum mechanical problems. Starting form the quantum mechanics in Hilbert space the
student will be exposed to the Dirac theory and relativistic scattering theory. The theory of
functional integration will also be discussed in detail. At the end of the course the student
should be able to understand more of the formalism and interpretation of quantum mechanics
and apply the formalism to the analysis of various quantum mechanical systems.
Recommended Books:
1.
Advanced Quantum Mechanics by J. J. Sakurai, Addison-Wesley, 2006.
2.
Quantum Mechanics by A. Messiah, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1961.
3.
The Principles of Quantum Mechanics by P.A. M. Dirac, Oxford at the
Clarendon Press, 1958.
4.
Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics by J. von Neumann ,
Princeton University Press, 1955.
5.
Quantum Mechanics Non-Relativistic Theory by L. D. Landau and E. M.
Lifshitz, Pergamon Press, 1977.
6.
Relativistic Quantum Theory by L. D. Landau, E. M. Lifshitz and L.P.
Pitaevskii, Pergamon Press, 1977.
7.
Quantum Mechanics for Mathematicians and Physicists by Ikenberry , Oxford
8.
The Quantum Theory of Fields by S. Weinberg, Vol. 1. Cambridge University
Press, 1995.
MATH 770
Nonlinear Waves
Fundamental of wave propagation. General classifications of dispersive and hyperbolic

waves. Advection equation and characteristic curves. Nonlinear advection equation. Traveling
wave solutions. Conservation laws. Quasi-linear wave equations. Age-structure models.
Cauchy problem for nonlinear wave equations. Inverse-scattering methods. Shock dynamics
in one, two and three dimensions. Non-linearization and weak shock solutions. Solutions
using wave-front expansion and N wave expansions. Nonlinear water waves equation. Exact
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solutions by variational techniques. Korteweg-de Veries equation. Shape preserving nonlinear

waves. Solution waves. Asymptotic analysis, Solution solutions using inverse scattering
method. Miura transforms and applications to cubic Schroedinger wave equation, sineGordon waves, Toda chain problems, nonlinear Born-Infeld wave equations.
Objectives: The aim of the course is to give the students an introduction to the
characterization of nonlinear wave PDEs, methods for finding wave-like solutions an the
nature of nonlinear waves. It is desired in this course that the students should understand
basic theory for modeling of linear and non-linear continuum systems, list and describe
fundamental principles and basic methods of nonlinear dynamics and apply this knowledge to
solve particular problems.
Recommended Books:
1. Linear and Nonlinear Waves by Whitham, G.B., Wiley-Interscience, New York 1974.
2. Nonlinear Diffasive Waves by Sachdev, P.L., Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge. 1987.
3. Theoretical Foundations of Nonlinear Acoustics by Rudenko, O. V., Soluyan and S.I.,
Plenum Press, New York 1977.
4. Nonlinear Waves by Leibovich, S. and Seebass, A.R., Cornell University Press, Ithaca
1972.
5. Asymptotic Methods in Nonlinear Waves Theory by J. A. Kawahara and T. Pitman
Advance Publishing program, Boston 1982.
6. A Modern Introduction to the mathematical Theory of Water Waves by Johnson, R. S.,
Combridge University Press, Cambridge 1997.
7. Nonlinear Waves by P. Popivanov and A. Savova, 2010.
MATH-801 Advances in Analysis
Fundamental Theorems of Functional Analysis (Open mapping Theorem, Closed graph
Theorem, Hahan Banach Theoren Analytic and Geometric forms), Bounded linear
functionals, Dual, Bidual and reflexive spaces, Weak and Weak
Operators Riez representation Theorem.
Topologies. Adjoint
Objectives: The course consists of the most celebrated results of analysis. The student should
be able to understand the concept of extension and theory of open and closed balls. The idea
of Topological Structure will be exploited.
Recommended Books:
1. Introduction to Functional Analysis and Applications by E. Kreyszig, Published by
John Wiley and Sons
83
2. Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis by G.F. Simmons,Published by

McGraw Hill
3. Elements of Functional analysis by I. Maddox, Published by Cambridge University
Press.
MATH 802
Advanced Perturbation Methods
Approximate Solution of Linear differential Equations Approximate Solution of Nonlinear

Differential Equations Perturbation Series Regular and Singular Prturbation Theory
Perturbation methods for Linear Eigenvalue problems Asymptotic Matching Boundary Layer
Theory Mathematical Structure of Boundary Layer: Inner, Outer, and Intermediate Limits
Higher-Order Boundary Layer Theory distinguished Limits and Boundary Layers of
Thickness WKB Theory Exponential Approximation for Dissipative and Dispersive
Phenomena Conditions for Validity of the WKB approximation Patched Asymptotic
Approximation: WKB Solution of Inhomogeneous Linear quations. Matched Asymptotic
Approximation: Solution of the One-Turning-Point Problem.
Objectives: The focus of this course is to prepare the students so that they can apply advanced
asymptotic methods in various areas of science and engineering. Further they will be able to
understand the theoretical background implementation and limitation of each method.
Recommended Books:
1. Advanced mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers by Carl M. Bender,
Steven A. Orszag McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1978.
2. Perturbation Methods for Differential Equations by B. K. Shivamoggi, 2003.
MATH-803
LA-Semigroups
LA-semigroups and basic results, Connection with other algebraic structures, Medial and
exponential properties, LA-semigroups defined by commutative inverse semigroups,
Homomorphism theorems for LA-semigroups, Abelian groups defined by LA-semigroups,
Embedding theorem for LA-semigroups, Structural properties of LA-semigroups, LAsemigroups as a semilattice of LA-subsemigroups, Locally associative LA-semigroups,
Relations on locally associative LA-semigroups, Maximal separative homomorphic images of
locally associative LA-semigroups, Decomposition of locally associative LA-semigroups.
Objectives: To introduce the students to basic concepts of LA-Semigroup and its connection
with other algebraic structures. Also students will learn Structural properties of LASemigroups, Locally associative LA-Semigroups, Decomposition of locally associative LASemigroups.
84
Recommended Books:
1. Clifford, A.H. and G.B. Preston., The Algebraic Theory of Semigroups, Vols. I & II,
Amer. Math. Soc. Surveys, 7, Providence, R.I, 2000.
MATH 804 Advanced Analytical Dynamics-II

Groups of continuous transformations and Poincares equations, systems with one degree of
freedom, singular points, cyclic characteristics of systems with a degree of freedom, ergodic
theorem, metric indecompossability, stability of motion.
Objectives: This course is designed to link the continuous groups and dynamics. The focus of
the course is to develop the Poincares dynamical equations using group theoretic approach.
Students will also go through ergodic theorem and thoroughly study stability of motion.
Recommended Books:
1. Introduction to Dynamics Analytical Dynamics by L. A. Pars, published by
Heinmann, 2008.
2. A Treatise on Dynamics of Rigid bodies and Particles by E. T. Whittaker, published
by Cambridge University Press.
MATH 805 Advanced Magnetohydrodynamics
Flow of an ideal fluid past magnetized bodies, fluid of finite electrical conductivity flow past
a magnetized body. Elassers theory, Bullards theory, Earths field turbulent motion and
dissipation, vorticity analogy. Effects of molecular structure, currents in a fully ionized gas,
partially ionized gases, interstellar fields, dissipation in hot and cool clouds.
Objectives: In advanced MHD student will analyze flow of conducting fluid past magnetized
bodies, with a detailed discussion on dynamo theories with vorticity analogy. Motion of
compressible ionized gas through magnetic field will also be discussed.
Recommended Books:
1. Magneto Hydrodynamics by T. G. Cowling, published by Interscience Publishers,
1963.
2. Magneto Hydrodynamics by A. G. Kulikowshy and A. G. Lyabimov, published by
3. Cosmical Electrodynamics by H. Alfven and C. Falthammar, published by Clarendon
Press, 1965.
4. Plasma Electrodynamics by A. I. Akhiezer, published by Pergamon Press, 1975.
5. Magneto Hydrodynamics by P. C. Kendall and C. Plumption.
6. An Introduction to Magnetohydrodynamics by P. A. Davidson, 2001.
MATH 806 Spectral Methods in Fluid Dynamics
Introduction to computational fluid dynamics, its geometry and equation structure.
Partial differential equations: Hyperbolic PDE, parabolic PDE, elliptic PDE and PDE
traditional solution methods. Preliminary computational techniques: discretisation,
approximation to derivatives, wave representation, finite difference method.
Theoretical background: convergence, consistency, stability, solution accuracy and
computational efficiency. Weighted residual methods: finite volume method, finite element
method and interpolation, finite element method and the Sturm-Liouville equation, spectral
method. Steady problem: nonlinear steady problems, direct method for linear systems,
iterative methods, pseudotransient methods. One-dimensional diffusion equation: explicit
methods, implicit methods, boundary and initial condition. Multi-dimensional diffusion
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equation: two-dimensional diffusion equations, multi-dimensional splitting methods,

splitting scheme and the finite element method, Neumann boundary condition and method of
fractional steps. Linear convection dominated problems: one dimensional linear convection
equation, numerical dissipation and dispersion, steady convection-diffusion equation, onedimensional transport equation, two-dimensional transport equation. Nonlinear convectiondominated problems: one-dimensional Burgers equation, system of equations, group finite
element method, two-dimensional Burgers equation. Fluid dynamics: equation of motion,
incompressible and compressible flow.
Generalized curvilinear coordinates: transformation relationships, evaluation of the
transformation parameters. Grid generation:Inviscid flow.Boundary layer flow.
Incompressible viscous flow.Compressible viscous flow.
Objectives: This course is designed to equip the students with the advanced computational
techniques based finite difference and finite element methods for the solution of fluid
dynamics equations. Each technique will be discussed form theoretical as well as application
point of view. At the end of the course student will be able to apply these techniques in fluid
dynamics and related areas.
Recommended Books:
1. Computational techniques for fluid dynamics by C.A.J. Fletcher, published by
Springer-Verlag.
2. Computational fluid dynamics by P.J. Roache, published by Hermosa.
3. Chebyschev and Fourier Spectral Methods by J. P. Boyd, 2001.
MATH-807
Advanced Semigroup Theory
Basic definitions, Inverse semigroups, The natural order relation, Congruences on inverse
semigroups, Anti uniform semilattices, Fundamental inverse semigroups; Bisimple and
simple inverse semigroups. Orthodox semigroups; Basic properties; The structure of
orthodox semigroups.
Objectives: The main goal of the course is to point at the ubiquity and the versatility of
semigroups, showing notions and results which link semigroups with various kinds of
mathematical structure. The students will learn some important constructions and techniques
used in semigroup, Commutative semigroups, semigroup of fractions, archimedean
decomposition, Free inverse semigroups, solution of the word problem in free inverse
semigroups.
Recommended Books:
1.
The Algebraic Theory of Semigroups; Vol.I & II by A.H. Clifford and G.B. Preston,,
AMS Math. Surveys, 1961 and 1967.
2.
An Introduction to Semigroup Theory by J.M. Howie, Academic Press 1976.
3.
Fundamental of Semigroup Theory by J.M. Howie, Oxford University Press, 1996.
4.
Semigroup Theory and Application (Lecturer Notes on Pure and Applied

Mathematics) by Clement, CRC Press, 1989.
86
MATH-808
Advanced Near Rings
Distributively generated near-rings, ideals isomorphism theorems, Free d.g. near rings,
Representations of d.g. near-rings, Types of representations, upper and lower faithful d.g.
near rings, Endomorphism near-rings of groups.
Objectives: Upon successful completion of this course students will be able to know about
distributively generated Near Rings, Free d.g. Near Rings and endomorphisms Near Rings of
Groups. Also they will be able to apply the Isomorphism Theorems, to solve the problems in
Near Rings. Further this course will also help the students while doing research work in Near
rings.
Recommended Books:
1. Near-Rings by Pilz, G., North Holland, 1976.
2. A course in Ring Theory by D. S. Passman, Chelsea Pub. Co., 2004.
3. An Introduction to Ring Theory by P. M. Cohn, Springer 2002.
MATH-809
Theory of Group Graphs
Generators and relations, Factor groups, Direct Products, Automorphisms, Finite

Presentations of Groups, Tiezte transformations, Coset enumerations, Graphs, Cayley
diagram, Schriers cost diagrams, Coset diagrams for the modular group, Action of the
modular group on finite sets, Symmetry in the diagrams, Composition of coset diagrams,
Action of the modular group on real projective line, Action of the modular group on finite
projective lines over finite fields.
Objectives: This course is designed to make understanding of representing a group by its

costs in a diagram. In this course students learn about Factor geoups, direct products,
Automorphisms Tietz transformations , presentations of finite groups Caley diagrams,
Schriers coset diagrams , Modular group, its action on different sets and their corresponding
coset diagrams.
Recommended Books:
1. Generators and relations for discrete Groups by Coxeter, H.S.M. and Moser, W.O.,
Springer-Verlag.1965.
87
2. A course in group theory by Rose, S., Cambridge University Press. 1980.

3. Combinatorial group theory by Magnus, W., Karrass, A and Solitar, D., Dover
Publications, 1976.
4. Groups, Graphs and Trees; An Introduction to the Geometry of Infinite Group by J.
Meier, Cambridge University Press, 2008.
MATH-810 Advanced Ring Theory-II
Minimal left ideals, Wedderburn-Artin strueture theorem, The Brown-McCoy radical, the
Jacobson radical, Connections among radical classes, Homomorphically closed semisimple
classes.
Objectives: After studying this course the students will be able to know about WedderburnArtin Structure Theorem and its applications. Also they will be able to know about Use
definitions to identify and construct examples of Brown-McCoy Radical classes, Jacobson
radical classes. Further this course is very useful for the students to do research in Ring
Theory.
Recommended Books:
1. Radical and Semisimple classes of Rings by Wiegandt, R., Queens papers in Pure and
Applied Mathematics No. 37, queens University, Kingston, Ontario, 1974.
MATH-811 Non-Standard Analysis
Universe and Languages: Set relations, Filters, Individuals and super structures, Universes,
Languages, Semantics, Los Theorem, Concurrence, Infinite Integers, Internal sets. Ordered
Fields, Non-standard Theory of Archimedean Fields, The hyperreal numbers, Real sequences
and Functions. Prolongation Theorems. Non-standard Differential calculus, Additivity, The
existence of Non-measurable sets. Topological spaces, Mapping and products, Topological
Groups, The existence of Haar Measure, Metric Spaces, Uniform continuity and
Equicontinuity, Compact mapping.
knowledge of the syllabus material. Students will also be able to use the definitions of
Ordered Fields, non-standard Theory of Archimedean Field and related topics to identify and
construct examples and to distinguish examples from non-examples. This course will also
help the students for research in algebra and analysis.
Recommended Books:
1. Lectures on Non-standard Analysis by Machover, M and Hirschfled, J., SpringerVerlag.
2. Applied Non-Standard Analysis by M. Davis, Dover Publications, 2005.
3. Non. Standard Analysis by A. Robinson, Princeton University Press, 1996.
MATH-812 Numerical Ranges of Operators on Normal Spaces
Numerical range in normed algebras, Numerical radius, Vidavs theorem and applications to
C*-algebras, The spatial numerical range, spectral properties, second dual of a Banach
algebra, spectral states.
about numerical range in normed algebras, numerical radius. They will also be able to know
88
about Vidavs Theorem and its application to C*-algebras. This course will help the students
in their research in advanced analysis.
Recommended Books:
1. Numerical ranges of operators on normed spaces and of elements of normed algebras
by Bonsall, F.F., and Duncan, J., LMS lecture note series 2, Cambridge University
Press,1971.
MATH-813 Strict Convexity
Locally covex spaces, Banach spaces, basic theorems of linear functional analysis, strict
convex spaces, product and quotient spaces and strict convexity, interpolation and strict
convexity, modulus of convexity, strict convexity and approximation theory, strict convexity
and fixed point theory.
Objectives: Convex functions play an important role in many areas of mathematics. They are
especially important in the study of optimization problems. For instance, a (strictly) convex
function on an open set has no more than one minimum. Even in infinite-dimensional spaces,
under suitable additional hypotheses, convex functions continue to satisfy such properties
and, as a result, they are the most well-understood functionals in the calculus of variations. In
probability theory, a convex function applied to the expected value of a random variable is
always less or equal to the expected value of the convex function of the random variable.
Recommended Books:
1. Strict convexity and complex strict convexity by Istratescue, V.I., 1984.
2. Normed linear spaces by Day, M.M., 2007.
3. Geometry of Banach spaces by Diestel, J., 1975.
6. Linear operators-I by Dunford, N., and Schwartz, J.T., 1958.
MATH-814 Advanced Commutative Algebra
Unique Factorization Domains: Basics and examples, Guass Theorem, Quotient of a UFD,
Nagata Theorem. Class Groups: Divisor Cllasses, Divisor Class monoid, Divisor Class group.
Krull Rings and Factorial Ring: Divisorial ideals, Divisors, Krull rings, Stability properties,
Two classes of Krull rings, Divisor class groups, Application of a Theorem of Nagata,
Examples of Factorial Rings. Atomic Domains: Definition and examples, Polynomial
extension of Atomic domains.
Domains Satisfying ACCP: Definition and examples, Polynomial extension of domains
satisfying ACCP. Connection of domains satisfying ACCP and Atomic domains. Bounded
Factorization Domains: Definition and examples Length function, Charecterization of BFD
through length function. Polynomial extension of BFDs, Noetherian and Krull domains are
BFDs. Half Factorial Domains: Class number of a Field, Carlitz Theorem, Examples and
basic results, Dedekind and krull examples, Integrability and HFD, On polynomial and
polynomial like extensions. Finite Factorization Domains: Group of Divisibility G(D) of a
domain D, G(D) and FFD, Atomic idf-domain is FFD.
demonstrate knowledge of the commutative rings, polynomials and formal power series
rings, Noetherian rings and valuation rings of advanced level. Also they will be able to know
about the definitions of different types of Rings and related topics to identify and construct
examples and to distinguish examples from non-examples. This course is very useful for the
students to do research in Ring Theory.
Recommended Books:
1.
Lecture Notes on Unique Factorization Domains by P. Samuel, Tata Institute
of Fundamental Research, Bombay, 1964.
2.
Multiplicative ideal Theory by R. Gilmer, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1972.
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Divisor Class group of a krull Domain by R. M. Fossum, Spriger Verlag, 1973.

Factorization in Integral Domains by D. D. Anderson, Lecture Notes in Pure &
Applied Mathematics, Marcel Dekker, New York, Vol. 189, 1997.
5.
Non Noetherian Commutative Ring Theory by S. T. Chapman and Sara Glaz,
Mathematics & its Applications series Vol. 520, Kluwar Academic Publishers, 2000.
3.
4.
MATH-815 Advanced Homological Algebra

Tensor Products of Modules, Singular Homology Flat Modules. Categories and Functors
Cogenerator. Finitely related (finitely presented) Modules. Ure Ideals of a ring Pure
submodules and Pure Exact sequences. Hereditary and Semihereditary Rings. Ext. and
extensions, Axioms Tor and Torsion, Universal co-efficient Theorems. Hilbert Syzygy
Theorem, Serres Theorem, Mixed identities.
Objectives: After studying this course the students will be able to know about Homological
Algebra and related topics. Also they will be able to know about Use of definitions to identify
and construct examples of different types of modules. Further this course is very useful for
the students to do research in Algebra.
Recommended Books:
1. Rings and Categories of Modules by J. Fuller and F.W. Anderson, Stringer Verlag,
2004.
2. Lectures on Rings and Academic Modules by J. Lambek, New York, 1966.
3. Modules and Rings by F. Kasch, Academic Press, 1997.
4. Algebra by T. W. Hungerford, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. New York, 1974.
5. An Introduction to Homological Algebra by J. J. Rotman, Academic Press, New York,
1979.
6. Commutative Algebra by O. Zariski and P. Samual, Vol. I, Springer-Verlag, New
York, 1958.
7. Commutative Algebra by O. Zariski and P. Samual, Vol. II, Springer-Verlag, New
York, 1960
Wesley Pub. Co. 1969.
9. An Introduction to Homological Algebra by J. J. Rotman, 2009.
MATH-816 Advanced Theory of Semirings
Basic Definitions, Semirings of fractions, Euclidean Semirings, Semimodules over semirings.
Factor semimodules, Some constructions of semimodules, Morphisms of semimodules.
Factor semimodules. Free, projective, and injective semimodules.
Objectives: After studying this course the students will be able to know about Theory of
Semirings and related topics. Also they will be able to know about Use of definitions to
identify and construct examples of different types of semimodules over semirings. Further
this course is very useful for the students to do research in the field of Algebra and
Theoretical Computer Science.
Recommended Books:
1. The Theory of Semirings and Applications in Mathematics and Theoretical Computer
Science by J. S. Golan, Longman Scientific & Technical John Wiley & sons New
York, 1992.
2. Semirings Algebraic Theory and Applications in Computer Science by U Hebisch and
H. J. Weinert, Word Scientific Singapore, New Jersey London Hong Kong, 1998.
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MATH 851 Advanced Heat Transfer

Review of heat transfer modes, thermal boundary layer without coupling of the velocity field
to the temperature field: Boundary layer equations for the temperature field. Forced
convection for constant properties, effects of the Prandtl number, similar solutions of the
thermal boundary layer. Integral methods for computing the heat transfer, effects of
dissipation, thermal boundary layer with coupling of the velocity field to the temperature
field, Boundary layer equations, boundary layer with moderate wall heat transfer, natural
convection, indirect natural convection, mixed convection, Radiation fin of trapezoidal
profile, conduction through fins, natural convection of Powell-Eyring Fliud between vertical
flat plates, Natural convection boundary layer flow, Natural convection over a semi-infinite
vertical plate.
Objectives: Apply scientific and engineering principles to analyze thermo fluid aspects of
engineering system and use the analytic and computational tools to investigate the heat
transfer of fluid flow at micro and macroscopic level.
Recommeded Books:
1. Heat transfer by Yunus A. Cengel, Second Edition 2003, Tata McGraw-Hill,
Publishing company limited, New Delhi.
2. Boundary layer theory by H.Schlichting and K.Gersten, 8 th Edition 2000, SpringerVerleg Berlin.
3. Introduction to convective heat transfer analysis by P.H.Oosthuizen and D.Naylor,
McGraw-Hill International, New York, 1999
4. Heat and Mass transfer by F.M.White, Addison-Wesley series 1988.
5. Computational Methods in Engineering Boundary value problems by T.Y.Na,
MATH 852 Convective Heat Transfer: Porous Media
Free and mixed convection boundary layer flow over vertical surface in porous media, free
and mixed convection past horizontal inclined surfaces in porous media, conjugate free and
mixed convection over vertical surfaces in porous media, free and mixed convection from
cylinder and spheres in porous media, unsteady free and mixed convection in porous media,
non-Darcy free and mixed convection boundary layer flow in porous media,
Objectives: The objective of the course is to formulate realistic analysis of the behavior of
multiphase porous media, composed of solid, miscible and immiscible fluids, subjected to
multiphysics mechanical and hydraulic phenomena. The course involves thermodynamics
and constitutive formulation for single and multi-phase material, derivation of the
conservation and field equations, and developing the weak and matrix forms for finite
element implementation and are to offer advanced testing capabilities that meet the
requirements and demands of the geoenvironmental engineering industry.
Recommended Books:
1. Convective heat transfer: Mathematical and Computational modeling of viscous fluids
in porous media by Ioan I.Pop and D.B. Ingham, Elsevier, 2001
3. Convection in porous media by D.A.Nield and A.Bejan, Springer, Third Edition 2006.
MATH 853 Advanced Finite Element Analysis
Introduction to Sobolev spaces, Ritz-Galerkin approximation of Poissons equation, weak
form of Poissons equation, variational form of Poissons equation, Ritz-Galerkin
approximation of Poissons equation with hat functions, elliptic bilinear form, elliptic
variational form, Ritz-Galerkin approximation of an elliptic variational problem, construction
of FE basis, properties of basis function, basis function of multidimensional space, linear
independence of basis function, basis function on uniform grid, condition number of Galerkin
matrix, uniform Lagrange polynomial, extension of basis function, coefficients of extended
91
basis, weight functions, R-functions, partial weight function, WEB-splines, stability and
approximation with WEB-spline, Ritz-Galerkin system, applications of WEB-approximation.
Objectives: The goal of this course is to model the microscopic and macroscopic structure of
many physical and mechanical problems. We can analyze the biomechanics of the head and
figure prints by the simulation.
Recommended Books:
1. Introduction to the Mathematics of Subdivision Surfaces by Lars-Erik Andersson
SIAM, 2010.
2. Numerical Models for Differential Problems by Quarteroni A., Springer, 2009.
3. Finite Element Method by Klaus-Jrgen Bathe, John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
4. Splines and Variational Methods by Prenter, P. M., A Wiley-Interscience Publication,
2006.
MATH 854
Advanced Multivariate Methods and Analysis
Principal component analysis: Definition and properties of principal components. Testing

hypotheses about principal components. Correspondence analysis. Discarding of variables.
Principal component analysis in regression. Factor analysis: The factor model. Relationships
between factor analysis and principal component analysis. Canonical correlation analysis:
Dummy variables and qualittive data. Qualitative and quantitative data. Discriminant
analysis: Discrimination when the populations are known. Fishers linear discriminant
function. Discrimination under estimation. Multivariate analysis of variance: Formulation of
multivariate one-way classification. Testing fixed contrasts. Canonical variables and test of
dimensionality. Two-way classification.
Objectives: For this course it will be of great helpful to study the basic knowledge of
multivariate methods. The main objective is to derive mathematical results on advanced
techniques of multivariate analysis such as Principal component analysis, Factor Analysis etc
and then applying these results on data sets from different sectors of life.
Recommended Books:
1. Multivariate Analysis by Mardia, K.V., Kent, J.T., and Bibby, J.M., Academic Press,
London, 1982.
2. Multivariate Analysis by Kshirsagar, A.M., Marcell Dekker, New York, 1972.
3. An Introduction to Multivariate Analysis by T. Raykov and G. A. Marcoulides, 2008.
MATH 855
Robotics
Introduction to Robot (Fundamental notions and Definitions), Transformations and Jacobians,

Manipulator. Kinematics (Forward and Inverse) of manipulator, Manipulator Dynamics,
Trajectory Generation, Manipulator Mechanism, Manipulator Design. Linear Control of
92
Minipulator, Non-linear Control of Manipulator, Forced Control of Manipulator,

Multivariable control, Feedback linearization, Variable structure and Adaptive Control.
Objectives: The objectives of this course are to introduce students to the concept of robotics,
its applications and to teach students the mechanics of mechanical manipulators. It is also
desired that the students also learn about the control of mechanical manipulators and how to
program robots to perform certain tasks.
Recommended Books:
1. Introduction to Robotics by John, J. Craig, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company
Inc., 1999.
2. Robot Dynamics and Control by Mark, W. Sponge and M. Vidyasagar, John Wiley
and Sons Inc., 2004.
3. Control of Dynamic Systems by Gene Franklin, J. David Powell, Abbas EmamiNaeini, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc., 1989.
4. Modern Control System Theory and Applications by Stainley M. Shinners, AddisonWesley Publishing Company Inc., 1987.
5. Adaptive Control of Mechanical Manipulators by John, J. Craig, Addison-Wesley
Publishing Company Inc., 1997.
MATH 856
Group Analysics of Partial Differential Equations
Introduction, Mathematical idea of symmetry; Local solvability for systems; Maximal rank
condition, Symmetry transformations, Lie group transformations in IRn+m. Canonical
parameter for a group; Infinitesimal transformations in IRn+m. Lie equations; Exponential
map; Symmetry groups of differential equation systems; Prolongation formulas; Invariant
points; Invariant functions; Canonical variables; Infinitesimal criteria for invariance for
systems; Lie algebras. Multi-parameter groups; Symmetries of partial differential equations;
Construction of exact solutions; Group classification; Other topics.
Objectives: upon successful completion of this course student will have sufficient grasp on lie
group transformations, infinitesimal transformations, symmetry group of differential
equations and different criteria for invariance of system, multiparameter groups and
symmetry of partial differential equations.
Recommended Books:
1. Lie-Backlund and Noether symmetries by Ibragimov, NH, Kara AH and
Mahomed FM 1998.applications, Nonlinear Dynamics, 15.
2. Handbook of Lie Group Analysis of Differential Equations by Ibragimov, vols I to
III, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1994-1996.
MATH 857
Advanced Nonlinear Differential Equation
Genallzed Method of characteristics, Complete integrals of first order nonlinear partial

differential equations, Discontinuous solutions and shock conditions, Weak and generalized
solutions, Higher order nonlinear partial equations, Nonlinear hyperbotic systems and
93
Riemann invariants, Initial-value problems and asymptotic solutions, Teavelling wave

solutions, Stability analysis, Inverse scattering techniques, Nonlinear transforms, Backlund
transformations and nonlinear superposition principle, Method of multiple scales,
Applications to nonlinear reaction-diffusion problems, strongly dispersive nonlinear
equations, nonlinear Schroedinger equation, and Korteweg-de Vriss equation, Special
techniques for solution generation, Transformation methods using fractional Fourier
transforms, Nonlinear Hankel transforms, Painleve test and truncated expansions,
Optimization techniques, Geometrical construction of solution surfaces.
Objectives: This course reflects the nonlinear problems and to solve them by the asymptotic,
numerical, perturbation and symmetry reduction technique.
Recommended Books:
1.
Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations by Debnth, I., (2nd Edition)

Birkhauser, Boston, 2005.
2.
An Introduction to Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations by Logan, J. D.,

Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1994.
Fractional Differential Equation by Prodlubny, I., Academic Press, Boston
3.
1999.
4.
Similarity Solutions of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations by Dresner, L.,

Pitrnan Books, London 1983.
5.
Nonlinear Elliptic and Parabolic Equations by Poa, C. V., Plenum Press, New
York 1992.
6.
Methods of Mathaematical Physics by Courant, R. and Hilbert, D., Vol.2.

Wiley-Interscience, New York 1962.
7.
Nonlinear Partial differential Equations in Engineering by Ames, W. F., Vol. 2.

Academic Press, New York 1972.
MATH 858
Modeling and Simulation of Dynamical Systems
This course is about modeling multidomain engineering systems at a level of detail suitable
for design and control system implementation. It also describes Network representation,
state-space models, Multiport energy storage and dissipation, Legendre transforms, Nonlinear
mechanics, transformation theory, Lagrangian and Hamiltionian forms, Control-relevant
properties. The application examples may include electro-mechanical transducers,
mechanisms, electronics, fluid and thermal systems, compressible flow, chemical processes,
diffusion and wave transmission.
Objectives: after successful completion of this course student will be able to model
multidomain engineering system of different designs and control. They will have sufficient
knowledge and the modeling of space model, multiport energy storage and dissipation, fluids
94
and thermal system, and wave system. They will be in good position to analyse the
simulations output of these systems.
Recommended Books:
Modelling and simulation by Giuseppe Petrone and Giuliano Cammarata,
InTech , 2008.
2.
Applied numerical methods with softwares by Schoichito Nakamura, Prentice
Hall 1991.
1.
MATH 859 Topics in Fluid Mechanics

Objectives: The aim of this course is to study the latest developments in the field. The
instructor will discuss the latest research trends with the students. At the end the of the course
the students must have a good understanding of applications in the other related areas.
MATH 860 Topics in Mechanics
MATH 861 Topics in Differential Equations
MATH 862
Topics in Computational Mathematics
MATH 863
Topics in Applied Mathematics
MATH 864
Topics in Algebra
MATH 865
Topics in Topology
MATH 866
Topics in Analysis
95
MATH 867
Topics in Complex Analysis
96

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Scheme of Studies for BS in Mathematics (4-years)

Basics of Academic Writing

Understanding of Quran -II

Partial Differential Equations

MATH 491 Project 1 or two electives

List of Elective Courses BS/M.Sc. Mathematics

6. MATH 453 Advanced Topology

To be eligible for selection as a Junior Research Assistant, a candidate:-

M.Sc. in Mathematics/BS in Mathematics/M.Sc Physics having 16 years

Should not have obtained 3rd division in F.A/F.Sc. B.A/B.Sc. M.A. or

Scheme of Studies for MS/M.Phil in Mathematics

MATH 692 Project -II

To be eligible for selection as a Senior Research Assistant, a candidate:-

An M. Phil/MS degree or its equivalent to 18 years education in the relevant subject

A college/university teacher or a member of the research staff of a Research

Electives Courses for MS/Ph. D. in Mathematics

MATH 536 Newtonian Fluids

Scheme of Studies of BS Mathematics (4 years)

Basics of Academic Writing

Pakistani Culture & Society

Scheme of Studies of M.Sc Mathematics (2 years)

List of Elective Courses BS/M.Sc. Mathematics

Scheme of Studies for MS Mathematics Programs

M.Sc/BS-(4years) (Mathematics or Physics) with minimum CGPA 2.50/4.00 or

Advanced Mathematical Analysis

List of Elective Courses for MS Mathematics Programs

MS dissertation (06 credit hours)

Scheme of Studies for Ph.D Mathematics Programs

18 years of education in Mathematics with minimum CGPA 3.00/4.00 or 65%

List of Elective Courses for MS/PhD Mathematics Program

List of Elective Courses for PhD Mathematics Program

PhD Thesis (9 credit hours)

Scheme of Studies and Course Contents of BS/M.Sc Mathematics programs

. Comparison and contrast

A course book with the above-mentioned objectives and contents has

elasticity and Cross-price Elasticity of Demand, Price elasticity of supply.

1. Michel Parkin-Economics-5th Ed. (2004). Addision Wesley.

1. Academic Writing Course, R.R Jordan. ( Longman)

1. Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics Richard E. Sonntag,

islamic civilization in contemporary world.

Jurisprudence by John Salmond.

Introduction & Methods of Psychology Nature and Application of

Characteristics and Major Functions of Different Sensation

Atkinson R.C., & Smith E. E. (2000) . Introduction to Psychology (13th ed),

Political and constitutional developments. Comparative study of the

1. Following books or their more recent equivalents or manuals, magazines

GC-116 Software Tools

1. Getting started with MATLAB7: A quick introduction for Scientists &

1. Following books or their more recent equivalents, manuals, computer

Introduction to logic, quantifiers and conditional statements; proofs, valid

polar coordinates, pedal equation, Infinite sequences and series,

1. Calculus and Analytic Geometry by G.B. Thomas and R.L. Finney,

MATH-104 Introduction to Linear Algebra

1. Linear Algebra and its Applications by David C. Lay, second edition,

To develop the understanding of basic laws governing the static and

MATH-203 Elementary Number Theory and Combinatorics:

coefficients, method of undetermined coefficients, variation of

1. Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems by William

MATH-301 Advanced Calculus

MATH-302 Linear Algebra

1. Linear Algebra by Kenneth Hoffman and Ray Kunze, second edition,

MATH-303 Ordinary Differential Equations

1. Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems by William