EX.

NO:
DATE:

STUDY AND DIAGNOZING OF CRO

AIM:
To study the functions of CRO.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Oscilloscope demonstration trainer (20 MHZ).
FRONT PANEL CONTROLS:
1. Power On/Off : Turns On & Off (on in open cover conditiononly.) LED indicates
power On. Use position& Int/Focus controls to get the beam. All push buttons.
2. Time / Div : Rotary Switch for TB speed control.
3. Trigger Input : For feeding External trigger signal.
4. Volts/Div : For sensitivity selection of CH 1 & CH 2.
5. DC-AC-Gnd : Switch provided for Input coupling. BNC inputs provided for connecting
the Input signal.
6. Component Tester : Switch when pressed converts scope into Component Tester mode.
7. CT : Input & Gnd terminals to be used for CT.
CONTROLS ON PCB:
1. Intensity : Controls the brightness
2. Focus : Controls the sharpness
3. Trace Rotation : Controls the horizontal alignment of the trace.
4. X Pos : Controls the horizontal position
5. Y Pos I & II : Controls vertical position of the trace.
6. X Y: When pressed cuts-off internal TB & connects external horizontal signal via. CH II
7. X 5 : When pressed gives 5 times magnification.
8. External : When pressed allows ext. trigger.
9. TV : When pressed allows TV frame to be synchronized.
10. Cal Variable : Controls the time speed in between the steps.
11. Auto/ Norm : In AT gives display of trace & auto trigger. When pressed becomes
normal & gives variable level trigger.
12. Level : Controls the trigger level from positive peak to negative peak.
13. + / - : Selects the slope of triggering.
14. Trig 1/ Trig 2 : When out trigger CH I and when pressed triggers CH II

Front Panel Controls:

Controls on PCB:

15.CH I Alt/ : When out selects CH I and when pressed selects CH II Chop CH II. When
dual switch also pressed this selects Alt or Chop modes.
16. Mono / Dual : When out, selects CH I only. When pressed selects both.

TEST POINT DETAILS:

Signal waveforms on test points are taken by feeding sine wave signal (1Vpp at 5
KHz) to CH I and CH II, keeping CRT display 5 divisions at 0.2 V sensitivity and
Input coupling to AC.

Note :
1. Blue and Red colour test points are input and output test points of that particular
section respectively.
2. The numeric value shown below in table, are only for guidelines, and actual
exact , values will depend on the calibration done.

THEORY OF OPERATION:

The basic objective of an Oscilloscope is to read an unknown signal & display it on the screen
for observation and measurements.

These signals are applied on the input of either channel or simultaneously on both channel
inputs. The input attenuator then attenuates the signal with appropriate attenuation and displays
on the screen. The selection of input may be AC component of DC + AC components. The
disconnection of signal from source is to be done with input switch to Gnd position.

The output signal of attenuator is then applied to preamplifier stage, where a high input, high
gain bandwidth FET input is applied. Here, signal is isolated from input, applied to preamplifier
for further amplification and converting the input to two line outputs.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ST2001E:

In Y intermediate amplifier, two channels are selected, either CH I or Chin or both in alternate or
chop mode. This is done with the help of diodes switching amplifier. The selected output form Y
intermediate amplifier is applied for Y final amplifier. This circuit amplifies sufficient output
signal level necessary to drive the Y plates of CRT, for appropriate deflection of electron beam.
The Y amplifier is designed in such a way so that it gives good extended Guassian roll-off with
minimum noise level.

The time base circuits adjust the sweep / ramp signal so that Y input signal can be resolved in
time direction / X direction for measurement of waveform or a portion of waveform. This is a
calibrated ramp and hence time measurements are made with the help of this circuit.

The signal applied is to be synchronized with sweep output. This is known as triggering of
signal. In auto mode as and when signal is applied to the input of scope, it gets
triggered/synchronized with ramp at almost at zero crossing of signal. Whenever, a trigger level
is to be adjusted, a level control is used to set the desired trigger level. While triggering, one can
select the different available coupling like AC,DC internal, external, CH I or CH II.

AC trigger is used over a wide range of signals from 10 Hz to 20 MHz. While triggering, low
frequency signals like few Hertz, the trigger point may shift. For stable DC trigger coupling is
used. It works from DC to 20 MHz signals.

A TV sync circuit is provided for stable triggering on television vertical sync pulses. This can
select H and V frame as required.

The ramp output , synchronized with input signal is given at preamplifier input, where X position
on the screen is given at preamplifier input, where X position on screen can be adjusted as X-Pos
and in the circuit X1-X5 magnification is provided.

The preamplifier output is then applied to X final amplifier for appropriate magnification, to be
applied to X plates of the CRT.

No.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

13.

14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.

Test Point No.

TP01
TP02 Red
TP03 Red
TP04
TP05 Red
TP06 Red
TP07 Red

Location

Y-Pre Amp CH I
Y-Pre Amp CH I
Y-Pre Amp CH I
Y-Pre Amp CH II
Y -Pre Amp CH II
Y -Pre Amp CH II
Component Tester

Signal Contents on TP

18mVpp (approx.)
380mVpp (approx.)
380mVpp (approx.)
18mVpp (approx.)
380mVpp (approx.)
380mVpp (approx.)
CH I Mode 5V pp
CT Mode 6-22 V,
According to TB position
TP08 Blue
-doCH I Mode 5 V
CT Mode 2.6 V
TP09 Red
-do8 V DC (approx)
TP10 Red
-doCH I Mode + 1.8 V
CT Mode 0.8V
TP11 Blue
-do22Vpp (approx)
TP12 Red
Chopper Circuit
at CH I mode + 13 V DC
CH II mode +8 V DC
Dual + A1t mode
TP13 Red
- do at CH I mode +8 V DC
CH II mode +13 V DC
Dual 1+ Alt mode
Dual + Chop mode
TP14 Red Trigger Amp. circuit CH II mode 6 Vpp
XY mode 2.2 Vpp
TP15 Red
- do Trigger signal 3V pp
in XY mode 4Vpp
TP16 Blue
- do Trig 1 mode 24 V
Trig 2 mode OV
TP17Blue
- do Trig 1 mode 0 V
Trig 2 mode 24 V
TP18 Blue Y intermediate Amp
380mVpp
TP19 Blue
- do380mVpp
TP20 Blue
- do380m V pp
TP21 Blue
- do380mVpp
TP22 Blue
- dosame as TP13
TP23 Blue
- dosame as TP12
TP24 Red
- do140 mV (approx.)
TP25 Red
- do140 mV (approx.)
TP26 Red
Ext. X
XY mode 2.5 V pp
TP27 Red
Trigger Circuit
Ext.
trigger signal

Waveform/
std voltage

In the X-Y mode of operation, the X input signal is applied on CH II and Y input signal to CH I.
The X signal applied on CH II is passes through attenuator preamplifier, CH II trigger selector,
trigger amplifier and then to X plate via X final amplifier.

In the CRT circuit, a negative potential is applied at Cathode to accelerate the electron beam. The
astigmatism, an unblanking circuit along with Z modulation, intensity, focus control etc. are been
arranged in the circuit.

The power supply circuit provides the necessary operating voltages for the instrument. The
operating potentials are obtained from the voltage regulator circuit and HV power supplies.

In calibrator circuit, a probe compensation output is provided for compensating X10, X100 and
other attenuator or probes, to adjust with input capacitance of Oscilloscope input. The potential is
0.2 V square waves 1 KHz approximately.
FAULT SIMULATION AND STEP BY STEP FAULT
Finding Procedure:
In training and understanding the electronic circuits, a new concept, has been added to ST2001E,
where you can create a fault. For creating a fault you can choose any of the 15 different type of
standard faults are listed below. You have to simply change one of the shorting shunt / jumper
position on to the next position. A complete actual jumper position is shown in jumper position
plan. While fault exists, students can go for trouble shooting, and in turn find the fault. The cause
of the fault, may be either of short circuited path, open circuited path or base-emitter of transistor
short, or collector to emitter is open etc. Once the cause is located, it can be verified and shorting
jumper can be placed at right place. In case of difficulty in finding the fault, they can refer to
the procedure given below, to locate and analyze it, in systematic step-by-step procedure.

Normally, one fault should be inserted, so as to make it simple and problem like in real world.
However, one can always, add multiple faults, as desired from the list of the standard faults.

28.
29.
30.

TP28 Blue
TP29 Blue
TP30 Red

- do - do-do -

31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.

TP31 Red
TP32 Blue
TP33Red
TP34 Red
TP35 Blue
TP37 Blue

Time base circuit

-do -do -do X Final Amp
-do -

37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.

TP38 Red
TP39 Red
TP40 Blue
TP41 Blue
TP42 Blue
TP43 Red
TP44 Red
TP45 Red
TP46 Red
TP47 Blue
TP 48
TP49 Blue
TP50 Blue
TP5l Red
TP52 Red
TP53 Blue
TP54 Blue
TP55 Red
TP56 Blue
TP57 Blue
TP58 Red
TP59 Blue
TP60 Blue
TP61 Red
TP62 Blue
TP63 Blue
TP64 Blue

-do -do Calibrator circuit

Y Final Amp.
- do -do -do Geometry
Astig
Power Supply

64.

TP65 Blue

- do-

65.

TP66 Blue

- do -

66.

TP67 Blue

- do -

-do -do -do -do -do -do -do -do -do -do -do -do -do -do -do -do -

at negative mode 2.2 V pp

at positive mode 2.2 V pp
3.5 V pp
3.5 V pp
4V
- 4.8 - 5.2Vpp
- 4.8 - 5.2Vpp
CH I mode + 2 V
0 - 9V DC variation
by X-Pos
100 V pp
100 V pp
0.2 V pp
Low Voltage
Low Voltage
30 V pp
30 V pp
+ DC V adjustable
+ DC V adjustable
153 V AC (approx)
169 V AC (approx.)
169 V AC (approx.)
265 V DC (approx.)
+ 145 V DC (approx.)
16 V AC (approx.)
16 V AC (approx.)
- 12 V DC
9 V AC (approx.)
9 V AC (approx.)
+ 5 V DC
26 V AC (approx.)
26 V AC (approx.)
+24 V DC
8 V AC (approx.)
8 V AC (approx.)
35 V AC w.r.t. -1900V
(approx.)
Caution! High voltage
6.3 VAC w.r.t.-1900 V
(approx.)
Caution! High voltage
530 V AC (approx.)
Caution! High voltage
530 V AC (approx.)

LIST OF STANDARD FAULTS :

1. No +24 V Power Supply Present
2. No +5 V Power Supply Present
3. Very Low Channel Gain, in CH I.
4. No gain / signal displayed on screen in CH II.
5. Signal gets distorted as Y pas moved, also gain is low.
6. Trace is in center, no Y shift works.
7. CH I Y-shift is not correct, CH II is correct
8. No chop operation in Dual-Chop mode.
9. No alternate operation in Dual-Alt mode.
10. No trigger from internal source
11. Time Base dead
12. No time base on speeds 0.5ms/cm 50ms/cm and 5ms/cm.
13. No CT , only spot appears on the screen. No trace but, time base ,is present, and shift is
correct
14. No trace, but time base is okay.
15. Limited, X position, one sided trace.

67.

TP68 Blue

- do-

68.

TP69 Red

- do-

69.

TP70 Red

- do-

70.
71.
72.

TP71 Red
TP72 Red
TP73 Red

- do- do- do-

Caution! High voltage

Z modulation input
(2mm Black sockets)
-1900 V DC
Caution! High voltage
-2000 V DC \
Caution! High voltage
Unblanking input IC CNY 17
+ 12 V DC
+ 12 V DC

RESULT: