Flash Cards

General Microbiology
from: Kaplan Medical & First Aid

Capsules organisms:
Streptococcus pneumoniae

Klebsiella pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Neisseria meningitidis
Cryptococcus neoformans

(Some killers have pretty nice capsules)

Intracellular bugs:
Elicit different immune responses
Different pathology
Different antibiotics
Different cultural techniques

Rickettsia, Chlamydia. Cant make own ATP.

Salmonella, Nesseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium,

Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, Yersinia.

Stay inside (cells) when it

is Really Cold.

Some Nasty Bugs May

Live FacultativeLY.

Bacterial Growth:
Lag Phase

Initial Phase (only 1 lag phase)

Detoxifying medium
Turning on enzymes to utilize medium
For exam, number of cells at the beginning equals number or cells at
the end of lag phase.

Log Phase
Rapid exponential growth
Generation time = time it takes one cell to divide into two. This is

determined during log phase.

Stationary Phase
Nutrients used up
Toxic products like acids and alkalies begin to accumulate
Number of new cells equals number of dying cells.
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Special stains:
Congo red
Amyloid; apple-green birefringence in polarized light (because of -

pleated sheets)

Giemsas
Borrelia, Plasmodium, chlamydia, Calymmatobacterium donovani &

trypanosomes.

PAS (periodic acid-Schiff)

Stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharides; used to diagnose Whipples

disease (malabsorption syndrome caused by Tropheryma whippelii)

Ziehl-Neelsen
Acid-fast bacteria (Nocardia is partially acid fast!)

India Ink
Cryptococcus neoformans.

Silver Stain
5

Fungi, PCP (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia), Legionella

Special culture requirements:

Chocolate agar + factors V (NAD) & X (hematin)
N. gonorrhea Thayer-Martin Medium
B. pertussis Bordet-Gengou (potato) agar
H. influenzae

C. diphtheriae Tellurite plate, Loefflers medium, blood agar

M. tuberculosis Lowenstein Jensen agar
Lactose fermenting

enterics Pink colonies on MacConkeys agar (Klebsiella,

Enterobacteriaceae & E. coli)
Legionella Charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with increased
iron and cysteine
Fungi Sabourauds agar
6

The four sisters Ella worship in the

Cysteine chapel:
Francisella

Brucella
Legionella
Pasteurella

Bacterial spores:
Gram + soil bugs spore

formers (Bacillus anthracis,

Clostridium perfringens ,
Clostridium tetani)
Must autoclave to kill spores!
7

Zoonotic organisms:
Brucella

Bacillus anthracis
Listeria monocytogenes
Salmonella enteritidis
Campylobacter
Coxiella burnetii Q-fever
Chlamydia psittaci
Francisella tularensis
Yersinia pestis
8

Toxins cAMP:
c = cholera
A = anthrax
= E. coli LT
p = pertussis

Lactose fermentation

Non Lactose
fermenters

Non-motile, nonH2S producers:

Motile, H2S
producers:

Shigella
Yersinia

Salmonella
Proteus

Lactose
fermenters

E. Coli
Klebsiella