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INTRODUCTION
The brushless direct current motor (BLDCM) has high torque.
compact size. and high efficiency. Therefore, BLDCM is widely
used in computers, household and industrial products, and
automobiles NI It is usually driven by a hard-switching PWNI
inverter, which has low switching frequency, high switching
loss, high EMI and acoustic noise. etc. To overcome the
limitation of voltage source-type hard switching inverter, many
resonant DC-link soft-switching inverter technologies have been
well developed and studied [2-10].
The resonant DC-link (RDCL) technique was proposed [3]. With
appropriate control of the bridge switches, the resonance can
bring the DC-link voltage down to zero periodically and this zero
interval is used to accomplish lossless switching of the bridge
devices. The major problem with RDCL inverters is the high
voltage stress of the devices. which is 2-3 times the DC-source
voltage. Other problems include the sub-harmonics due to the
delta modulation and the sophisticated control to assure proper
energy in the resonant components. To overcome the RDCL
drawbacks, the actively clamped resonant DC-link (ACRDCL)
technique was introduced [4]. The ACRDCL technique reduces
the device voltage stress down to 1.2-1.4 times. However, it is
still higher than the input DC voltage. Furthermore, the
resonance still occurs during the whole operating state, and the
control used to balance the clamp capacitor voltage is also
The process that DC link voltage reduces to zero and then rises
to dc supply voltage again is called one zero voltage transition
or one DC link voltage notch, shortened for ZVT. The operation
of the ZVT can be divided into eight modes. Mathematical
analysis of soft switching operation can be performed based on
the equivalent circuits shown in Fig.2.
Mode 0 [shown in Fig 4 (a)] t0< t<t1 Current flows from DC
power supply through VI to the load. The voltage across Cr is
equal to the supply voltage E The auxiliary switches V2 and 3
are in of state.
Mode l [shalt n in Fig 4(b)] t0< t<t2. This mode stars IA hen V I
is turned of ZVS s off due to Cr) and SVo itch V3 is turned on t
Zero Current Switch (ZCS) turns on due to Lr at t ti as shown
17-- Fie_ 3. Capacitor Cr resonates with inductor Lr. The
inductorr current i is increased and capacitor voltage ucr is
decreased. The equations as be written as the following di (t) di
dt; (I)
I ig 4 Operating modes
to C1) is turned off and the main switch V1 is turned on. Let tic,
(t) = E, get
(12)
7T 1r T5 = tot5 2a), 4 I1 - (16)=I+ X
where, T. =
Mode 6 [shown in Fig 4 (g)] t6<t<t7. The auxiliary switch V2 is
turned off and the main switch V1 is turned on at t6. The
resonant inductor current is more than load current. The excess
current over the load current flows through the anti-parallel
diode of V1 and D3. This mode ends when the inductor current
equals to the load current. Get
(14)
(15)
1 T6 = t7 t6 r = Xr co,
(16)
18
Mode 7 Nolo n in Fig 4 (17)] t7-= i< a This mode fl starts ith the
turn-off of the anti-parallel diode of V 1 at 17 and at the same
time the main switch V1 starts conducting. The load current is
now the sum of the resonant inductor current and the main
switch VI current. This mode ends at t8 when all energy stored
in the a resonant inductor is recovered. Get
T7 =18-17 =
E Now the circuit topology changes to the initial circuit of Fig. 4
and the next cycle of operation is prepared.
III.
CONTROL SCHEME
For three phases BLDCM, six-step commutation with 4 120'
conduction time, it allows current to flow in only two phases at
any time. The inverter is controlled by the PWM technique to
give proper commutations such that two of the three phases
are with on states and the remaining one is with floating state.
Moreover, the sequence of commutations is retained in proper
order by use the rotor position signals. The speed of BLDCM is
controlled by PW\ I duty ratio regulation of the inverter. When
the dui) of PWM is 1, i.e., full duty circle, the main switches of
the inverter work under the commutation frequency. When the
phase current of the BLDCM needs commutation. the auxiliary
switches V1 . V2, V3 are controlled. and resonant occurs
between inductor and capacitor .The DC link voltage drops to
zero, so ZVS condition of the main switches is obtained. The
whole ZVT process occurs during phase current commutation.
The control method is shown in Fig. 5(a). While the duty of PWM
is less than 1, the auxiliary switch V1 works as a chop circuit.
The switches of the conventional inverter do not operate within
a PWM cycle when the phase current need not commutate. The
current of inverter switch is shifted to freewheeling diode during
the DC link voltage becomes zero. The control method is shown
in Fig. 5(b). When PWM signal is flopped down, mode 1 begins,
and DC link voltage is slowly dropped to zero. The voltage of DC
link does not increase until P\VM signal is flipped up. When PWM
signal is flipped up, mode 4 begins, inductor current increases
and freewheeling, diode slowly turns off. At last, the voltage of
DC link does not increase until PWM signal is flipped up. when
PWM signal is flippedup, mode 4 begins inductor current
increases and diode slowly turns off. At last. the ti voltage &the
DC link is increased to supply voltage. Thus, only one ZVT
occurs per PWM cycle. When PWM signal is flipped up, mode
4,5,6,7 are taken. So the switching frecuency of auxiliary
switches would be not greater than PWM frecuency
SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENT
The proposed resonant DC link inverter for brushless DC motor drive
system is modeled and verified simulation sofware. The DC link voltage
is 24V, the switching frequency is 15 kHz. the resonant inductor is 20 uH
and the resonant capacitance is 0.022uF The simulation waveforms are
shown in fig 6. The Fig.6 shows that the simulation result are consistent
with the theoretical analysis in section 2 and 3 .The DC link voltage
drops to zero when PWM signal is flopped down and increased to suppl
voltage while PWM signal is flipped up. The DC link voltage is clamped
to the source ()Rage, so voltage stress on all switches would be not
greater than DC supply voltage. A laboratory-sized model has been
constructed and an experiment was conducted to verify the theoretical
analysis and simulation results of the proposed ZVT-RDCL soft switch
inverter. The experiment system includes PWM circuit, timing sequence
circuit based on complex programmable logic device (CPLD), inverter
and its driver. The DC link voltage is 24V. PWM frequency is 15 kHz, the
resonant inductor is 20 uH , the resonant capacitance is 0.022 uF , rated
current of BLDCM is 2.3A, rated mechanical speed of BLDCM is 4000rpm.
and No. of poles of BLDCM
the experiment waveforms are shown in fig7 the figures show that the
experiment result are consistent with the theoretical analysis and
simulation . the gate signal of switching V1 ,V2 and V3 are shown in fig 7
(a) and (b). from the figures we can see that the experiment logic
waveforms of auxiliary switches match the control scheme in section 3,
and operating time of V2 and V3 is short. Thus, the inductor power loss
is low. 1 he DC link voltage (ic and inductor current i1 are shown in Fig.7
(e) and (d). From the waveforms, we can observe ZVT-R DCL inverter
proposed performed well and device voltage stress is small. The phase
voltage and current of BLDCM is shown in (e). The figure demonstrates
that the BLDCM worked well under novel soft-switching inverter.
(e) Fig 7 Experiment waveforms (a) Gate signal of auxiliary V1 and V2,
(h)Ciate signal of auxiliary VI and V3. (c) The DC link voltage and
inductor current, (d) The dc link voltage and I nduCtor current (zoom
out), (e) The phase voltage and phase current of BLIJCM
V.
( ONCLUSIONS
A novel zero voltage transition parallel resonant DC link voltage source
inverter is presented for BLDCM_ The proposed soft-switching inverter is
constructed from the conventional one by simply augmenting auxiliary
resonant DC link, and the soft switching is easily achieved by suitable
switching of the auxiliary switch. Control of resonance is based on time
sequence without testing any current or voltage, so control scheme is
simple. The soft-switching operation of zero voltage transition parallel
resonant DC link inverter is explained in terms of modes. The simulation
and experimental results demonstrate good performances of inverter.
[I]
REFERENCES
Ki-Yong Nam, Woo-Talk Lee. Choon-Man Lee, and Jung-P, r, Hong,
-Reducing Torque Ripple of Brushless DC Motor Varying Input Voltage,"
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, VOL 42, NO 4, PP 1307-1310, APR
2006 [2] CHEN Guo-chen, XU Chun-yu, SUNCheng-bo. QU Ke-qine,
TaniguchiKatsuno Locus of Flux Linkage for Three-Phase ZS Inverter,
Journal of Shanghai University (English Edition). 2005,vol 9,no 6,pp 521526, Vol 9 No 6 Dec 2005 Divan D M, "The Resonant DC Link ConverterA New Concept in Static PWM Converter", IEEE Trans Indus ,
vol25,no.2,pp 317-325. MAR /APR 1989 [4] D M Divan, G Skibinski, -ZeroSwitching-Loss Inverters for High-Power Applications", IEEE Trans Ind ,
vol 25. no 4. pp 634-643, JUL/AUG. 1989
[3]