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Cabriole Legs
LONNIE
BIRD
three-toed, foot with a relief-carved stocking that begins at the toes and terminates
midway up the ankle. Like many elements
of 18th-century furniture, trifid feet can
vary tremendously, from ill-formed to
beautifully refineddifferences that most
likely illustrate the skill and training of the
craftsman who carved them.
Undoubtedly the most familiar design is
carvers.
Even though the com-
Slipper foot
Pad foot
direction.
knee, foot, ankle and post block. Generally speaking, the width of most knees are
within a range of
in. to
important to size the knee so that it's proportionate to the piece of furniture on
larger and heavier than pad feet, and consequently they require a heavier ankle to
appear proportionally correct. The post
block is typically in. to 1 in. smaller than
the knee. Sizing the post block is critical; if
Make a template
When designing a cabriole leg, begin by
drawing a full-sized template for tracing
onto the leg stock. I use in. birch veneer
plywood for making these templates because the plywood is stiff and the light color and smooth texture make a suitable
point behind the knee. It somewhat follows the line at the front of the leg, although the curve is less pronounced. As
the lines flow downward, they converge
When sketching the curves I find it helpful to sight down the line to examine the
Once you're satisfied with the model, select stock and begin working on the legs.
Avoid using glued-up stock; the opposing
grain, color and gluelines distract from the
1. Bandsaw the
parallel faces of
the leg, making
sure to leave a
full-width bridge
on the outside
face.
3. Tape it up.
Reposition the
offcut and use
masking tape to
secure it in
place.
When sawing the first face, save the offcut at the back of the leg because it has the
drawing for the second face. It can be
repositioned with masking tape.
Before bandsawing, mount the appropri-
4. Bridge fends
support. The
bridge helps
guide the cut as
you finish the
leg.
cabriole leg, a in., 4- or 6-pitch, regulartooth blade works well. The narrow width
the square.
pad. A gouge
rounds the pad at
its widest dimension. Check frequently with
calipers until you
reach final width.
3. Establish a line
at the top of the
would when turning a bead. The foot contour begins at the V and ends at the pad.
Before removing the leg from the lathe,
sand it lightly.
All 18th-century pad feet that I've examined are round, presumably because they were turned on a lathe. But even if you
don't have a lathe, you can produce an attractive pad foot;
you'll just need to be prepared to spend a little extra time at it.
When you bandsaw the leg blank, go ahead and bandsaw
the foot outline as well. This will create a square pad foot that
provides a guideline for shaping by hand. Next, locate the center of the foot by marking diagonal lines. Then draw the circumference of the pad with a compass or template.
To shape the foot, remove the four corners with a chisel and
rasp. A carving gouge with a curvature to match the foot contour is also helpful in achieving a pleasing appearance. Finally,
smooth and blend the surfaces with a file.
knee toward the ankle. As you shape, continually alternate the surfaces of the rasp;
Templates
help lay out
bottom of the
pad.
2. Rasping off the corners. Begin shaping the leg by easing the
corners with a rasp,
3. Shape the top of the pad. At the bottom of the leg, use a
rasp to smooth the transition to the pad.
4. Cut to the line. When shaping the leg, make sure you don't
round over the cup at the bottom, Use a chisel to build a small
shoulder along the line cut at the lathe.
Lay out by
eye. The
circle at the
top of the
foot is penciled in by
eye.
the process.
Remember that these are guidelines for a
typical cabriole leg with a pad foot. Because all legs have intrinsic variations depending on their origin, you'll want to
compare the leg you're shaping to a photograph of one you're reproducing. For ex-
Establish a
shoulder.
Use a carving
Rasping a
round pad.
Rasps and
files help
round the
pad down to
comer, then
the bottom
use a chisel to
of the leg.
Once the bottom has been
tom of the
pad.
shaped, sight
down the leg
and clean
up the top
profile.