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Practice Paper 7
Transition metals
(a)
(b)
(i)
Transition elements are d-block elements which form at least one ion with a
partially filled d subshell.
(ii)
1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1
(iii)
+2, +3 & +6
(i)
The N and O atom can each donate a lone pair of electrons to Cr3+ ion.
Dative /coordinate bond
(c)
(ii)
6 & Octahedral
(i)
Red /Orange
(ii)
For chromium complex, the chromium ion has partially filled 3d orbitals.
In the presence of ligands, the five 3d orbitals are no longer degenerate and
split into two energy levels due to the repulsion of the metal ion and the ligands.
When an electron is promoted from lower energy d orbital to higher energy (dd transition), an amount of energy has to be absorbed in the visible region of the
electromagnetic spectrum. The colour observed is complement to the light
absorbed.
It is produced in the body/so it should not be toxic/stable
(d)
(e)
(i)
(ii)
(f)
(i)
(NH4)2Cr2O7
Cr2O3
Cr(+3)
+ N2 + 4H2O
N(0) ]
(Gases formed are colourless and odourless, so they cannot be NH 3 or NO2. Since
oxidation state of Cr decreased from +6 to +3, oxidation state of the other element
must have increased. In the reactant, H has O.S. of +1 and cannot be oxidised further.
Hence, N could have been oxidised from -3 to 0 oxidation state, forming N 2. The other
gas formed is H2O.)
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Practice Paper 10
Adapted from 2010 TJC Q3
Practice Paper 7
(f)
(ii)
NH3 gas evolved turns moist red litmus blue and orange dichromate(VI),Cr2O72-,
solution turns yellow as chromate(VI), CrO42- is formed.
NH4+ + OH-
NH3 +
Cr2O72- + 2OH-
H2O
2CrO42-
H2O
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Practice Paper 7
(a)
(i)
25.00 0.050
20.0
Since [OH ] << [DEA], DEA is a weak base that ionises partially in water. [1m]
(iii)
R2NH(aq)
Kb =
(iv)
(b)
H2O(l)
[R 2NH2 + ][OH ]
[R 2NH]
R2NH2+ +
Or
R2NH2+(aq) + OH (aq)
[1m]
R2NH +
H3O+
R2NH2+
R2NH +
H+
H2O
(i)
(ii)
pOH pK b lg
pK b lg
[1m]
[salt]
[base]
[R 2NH2 ]
[R2NH]
10.00 0.050
or volume ratio
lg (3.98 10 5 ) lg [1m] for [salt]/[base]
15.00 0.050
4.22
pH = 14 4.22 = 9.78
(iii)
[1m]
(c)
(i)
[1m]
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[1m]
[1m] 3 sf
Practice Paper 7
1st (): Both TEA and DEA have simple molecular structure.
2nd(): Due to the greater number of electrons per TEA molecule, more energy
is needed to overcome the stronger van der Waals forces between TEA
molecules than those between DEA molecules.
OR
2nd(): Intramolecular hydrogen bonding observed in DEA will render
intermolecular hydrogen bonding between DEA molecules to be less
extensive. More energy is required to overcome the more extensive hydrogen
bonds formed between TEA molecules than those between DEA molecules.
(ii)
hydrogen bonding
[1m]
OR
hydrogen
bonding
(i)
3
[Cd2+] in g dm-3 = 1.58 105 112 = 1.77[1m]
103sf
g dm3
(ii)
[Cd2+] =
1.77 10 3 g 1.77 10 3 10 6 g
=
= 1.77 g cm3
1 dm3
1 103 cm3
[1m]
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(d)
Practice Paper 7
2.
(e)
Reactions
+ ClCH2COCl
1 mol
1 mol
cyclic G,
G C6H11NO3
1 mol
1 mol warm
Acid-metal reaction / redox () followed by
Nucleophilic substitution ()
G + Al2O3 H
Elimination / dehydration ()
H + Br2 decolourises
Electrophilic addition ()
F is
Deductions
F is neutral. F cannot be an amine.
F is an amide.
neutra
G is
[1m]
[1m]
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[1m]
Electrochemistry Adapted from SAJC/P2/4 2011
Practice Paper 7
(a)
(i)
OR NiOOH + H2O + e
(ii)
(iii)
Iron: Fe + 2OH
Fe(OH)2 +
Iron to Nickel oxide-hydroxide
1.2 = Ecell (NiOOH) (+0.55)
Ni(OH)2 + OH
2e
Thus,
(iv)
Ni(OH)2 + OH-
When the acid is added, it removes the OH ions and hence reduces its concentration
leading to the equilibrium above to shift to the right to replenish the OH- ions removed.
Hence the Ecell at the cathode becomes greater than +1.75V, resulting in the e.m.f
(v)
(b) (i)
(ii)
2Ni(OH)2 + Fe(OH)2
2NiOOH + Fe + 2H2O
Mass of Fe required = 3 x 0.95 = 2.85g
No. of moles of Fe = 2.85/55.8 = 0.05107
No of moles of electrons required = 0.05107 x 2 = 0.1022
Thus,
Total amount of electricity required = 0.1022 x 96500 = 9857.5C
(iii)
(iv)
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