Instituto

Mexicano de
Regularizaci
n

Contents
1A. Personal Pronouns ..3

2A. Verb to be .
3A. Present Simple..7

3B. Past Simple .12

3C. Future Simple..18

4A. Articles .
5A. How much,How many, How often and How long..
6A. Vocabulary ..

7A. Irregular verbs 22

7 B Regular verbs .24

1 A Personal Pronouns
1. Complete the sentences with the correct personal pronoun.
a. __________ is dreaming. (George)
b. __________ is white. (the white board)
c. __________ are on the wall. (the posters)
d. __________ is running. (the dog)
e. __________ are watching TV. (Manuel and Sandy)
f. __________ are in the garden. (the flowers)
g. __________ is riding the bike. (Tom)
h. __________ is from Japan. (Victoria)
i. __________ are beautiful (you and me)
j __________ am a student (you)

1 A Language reference
Grammar: Personal Pronouns
Personal pronouns represent specific people or things. We use them depending on:
number: singular (eg: I) or plural (eg: we)
person: 1st person (eg: I), 2nd person (eg: you) or 3rd person (eg:he)
gender: male (eg: he), female (eg: she) or neuter (eg: it)
case: subject (eg: we) or object (eg: us)
We use personal pronouns in place of the person or people that we are talking about. My
name is Josef but when I am talking about myself I almost always use "I" or "me", not
"Josef". When I am talking direct to you, I almost always use "you", not your name. When I
am talking about another person, say John, I may start with "John" but then use "he" or
"him". And so on.
Here are the personal pronouns, followed by some example sentences:

personal pronouns

number

person

gender

subject

object

singular

1st

male/ female

me

2nd

male/ female

you

you

3rd

male

he

him

female

she

her

personal pronouns

number

plural

person

gender

subject

object

neuter

it

it

1st

male/ female

we

us

2nd

male/ female

you

you

3rd

male/ female/ neuter

they

them

Examples (in each pair, the first sentence shows a subject pronoun, the second
an object pronoun):
I like coffee. / John helped me.
Do you like coffee? / John loves you.
He runs fast. / Did Ram beat him?
She is clever. / Does Mary know her?
It doesn't work. / Can the man fix it?
We went home. / Anthony drove us.
Do you need a table for three? / Did John and Mary beat you at doubles?
They played doubles. / John and Mary beat them.
When we are talking about a single thing, we almost always use it. However, there are a
few exceptions. We may sometimes refer to an animal as he/him or she/her, especially if
the animal is domesticated or a pet. Ships (and some other vessels or vehicles) as well
as some countries are often treated as female and referred to as she/her. Here are some
examples:

This is our dog Rusty. He's an Alsatian.

The Titanic was a great ship but she sank on her first voyage.
My first car was a Mini and I treated her like my wife.
Thailand has now opened her border with Cambodia.
For a single person, sometimes we don't know whether to use he or she. There are
several solutions to this:
If a teacher needs help, he or she should see the principal.
If a teacher needs help, he should see the principal.
If a teacher needs help, they should see the principal.
We often use it to introduce a remark:
It is nice to have a holiday sometimes.
It is important to dress well.
It's difficult to find a job.
Is it normal to see them together?
It didn't take long to walk here.
We also often use it to talk about the weather, temperature, time and distance:
It's raining.
It will probably be hot tomorrow.
Is it nine o'clock yet?

3 A Present Simple

6:00

6:20

1. Reading comprehension. Look at the pictures.

Write the times.
Karlas daily routine.
1.She wakes up at_6:00_o clock_ .

6:10

2.She gets up ten minutes later at

__________.
3.She takes a shower at __________.
4.She has breakfast at __________.

6:40

5.She brushes her teeth at __________.

6.She leaves home at __________ and he
goes to work by taxi.
7.She has dinner at __________ in her
house.
8.She usually does her homework at
__________.
9.She sometimes reads a book at
__________.

5
7:15

7:00

4:00
8

3:00
6:00

10.She goes to bed at __________.

8:00
1
2. Practice in pairs the next questions
and fill in the blanks according to the
text.time does she wake up?
What
What time does she go to bed?
Does she go to school by taxi?
Does she go out in the evening?

She __________ up at 6:00 AM

She _________ to bed at 8:00 PM
___________ she does.
No, she _________.

3. Reading Comprehension. Karla has a sister Katya. Her day is different. Complete the

text with the verbs in the box.

gets
gets up x2
drinks
cooks
goes x2
plays

has
paints
listens to
lives

Katya is 30.
Shes an artist.
She _lives_ in a small house in the
country. She usually _____________ at
ten o clock in the morning. She never
__________ early. She _______ coffee
and toats for breakfast and then she
_________ for a walk with her dog.
She _________ home at eleven o
clock and she ________ in her studio
until seven o clock in the evening. Then
she _________ dinner and _________
a glass of wine. After dinner, she
sometimes ___________ music and
she sometimes __________the piano.
She usually __________ goes to bed
very late, at one or two o clock in the
morning.

4. Correct the sentences about Katya.

1. She lives in the town.
_She doesnt live in the town._She lives in the country.____________________________
2. She has a big breakfast.
________________________________________________________________________
3. She works in an office.
________________________________________________________________________
4. She goes to bed early.
________________________________________________________________________
5. Speaking Task. Imagine you want to meet a new partner, and you go to an agency. Look
at the Meeting People form. What questions does the interviewer ask?

Meeting People
Meet a partner whos right for you
What is your name?
How old are you?
Do you work / study ?
Where do you live?
Do you have a car?
What languages do you speak?
Do you smoke?
What music do you like?
What TV programmes do you like?
What food do you like?
What news paper do you read?
What sports do you play?

NAME__________________________
__
AGE____________________________
__
OCCUPATION___________________
___
TOWN__________________________
__
YES______________NO___________
___
LANGUAGES____________________
___
YES______________NO___________
___
MUSIC__________________________
__

6. Writing. Complete the questions and answer with do, dont, does, or doesnt.
1. _________ you like ice cream?

Yes, I _________.

2. __________ she work in London?

Yes, she _________.

3. Where _________ he works?

In a bank.

4. __________ you go to work by bus?

No, I _________.

5. __________ she go to bed early?

No, she __________.

6. __________ they have a dog?

Yes, they __________.

7. __________ he speak German?

No, he ___________.

8. __________ they live in the United States? No, they __________.

3 A Language reference

Grammar: Present simple

We use Present Perfect for things that are generally true or habitually happen.
Examples:
British people like animals
He works from 9.00 5.00.
Spelling
1. Most verbs add s.
He listens
She leaves
It
walks
2. Verbs ending in s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -o -x add es.
He
kisses
She fixes
It
watches
3. Verbs ending in y we remove the y and add ies
He studies
She carries
It
cries
4. go, have and do are irregular.
He
does
She goes
It
has

Personal pronoun
I
He / She / It
You / We / They

Affirmative
Verb in infinitive form
work
works
work

Complement
In an office
In an office
In an office

To make negatives use dont / doesnt + the infinitive.

Example:
He doesnt work. NOT He doesnt works.
Personal Pronoun
I
He / She / It
You / We They

Negative
Full form
Infinitive verb
do not
work
does not
work
do not
work

Contraction
dont
doesnt
dont

Auxiliary
Do
Does
Did

Question
Personal Pronoun
I
He / She / it
You / We / They

Do you work in an office?

Does he work in an office?

Infinitive verb
work
work
work

Complement
In an office?
In an office?
In an office?

Short answer
Yes, I do. / No, I dont
Yes, he does / No he doesnt

3 B Past Simple
1. Vocabulary. Match the present and the past forms. Look at the irregular verb list on p

Present

Past

are

was

is

were

buy

went

go

said

say

bought

see

took

take

saw

2. Reading Comprehension. Put in order the next story.

(

) They bought the painting for 1,400 francs.

) The man in the market was very upset.

) They took the painting to an expert in Paris.

) Three friends went shopping in a market in France.

) The expert said the painting was worth 500 million francs.

) They saw a dirty, old painting for sale.

3. Reading Comprehension. Read the story and complete it with an irregular verb from
exercise 1

Were millionaires!
Florence Bayes in Paris
In August 1999 three friends, Jaques Proust, Guy Fadat, and Francois
Lecrerc, were on holiday in the town of Laraque in France. On Sunday they
4. ___________
Reading Comprehension.
the trueand
story
about
Raoul and Emma.
Answer
shopping in Read
the market
they
____________
a dirty,
old the
question
at the
end.Virgin Mary. They _______________ it for 1,400 francs and
painting
of the
they _______________ it to Paris. In Paris, an expert said that the painting
was by Leonardo da Vinci and it _____________ worth 500,000,000 francs.
The man in Laraque market ___________: I was happy to sell the painting

A tale of two Sydneys

Last April two British teenagers wanted to go to Australia for their summer holiday. But it
was a 24-hour journey by plane and tickets were very expensive. So, Raoul Sebastian
and Emma Nunn, aged 19, looked for cheap tickets on the internet. They were lucky,
and they booked two tickets to Sidney.
On August 4th they arrived at Heathrow airport. They checked in and waited for the plane
to leave. Six hours later they landed at a big airport and changed planes.
Emma: I was a bit worried because the second plane was very small, but I didnt want
to say anything to Raoul.
Raoul: After only an hour the plane landed. We looked out of the window. It was a very
small airport. We walked to the information desk and I showed our tickets to the woman.
When is our next flight? I asked.
She looked at our tickets. The next flight? This is the end of your jorney. Where did you
want to go?
Where are we? I asked.
Do you think they were in Sydney?

a)

Look at the highlighted verbs in the text and complete the chart.

Present simple
They want to go to Australia.
I dont want to say anything.
Where do you want to go?

Past simple
They _______________ to go to Australia.
I __________________ to say anything.
Where _________________ to go?

b) Complete the questions with Was / Were or Did

1. __________ they want to go to Australia?

2. __________ it a long journey?

3. __________ they book their tickets at a travel agents?
4. __________ they tickets expensive?
5. __________ they check in at Heathrow airport?
6. __________ they change planes three times?
7. __________ the second plane big?
8. __________ Emma worried?
9. __________ the plane land in Australia?
10. __________ they stay in Nova Scotia for a long time?
5. Vocabulary and Speaking. Number the past time expressions 1 - 7.

yesterday morning.
five minutes ago.

last November.
I booked the tickets

a year ago.
last night.
three days ago.
last week.

6.
Listen and repeat the verbs. In which group
endings
do you pronounce the e in the ed? Why?
Past simple regular verbs
1 edend
= / d / 2 ed = / t /
3 ed = / I /
in ed in positive sentences.
ed can be pronounced
in three
arrived
booked
wanted
ways.
changed
checked
landed
showed
looked
waited
SEE LANGUAGE
tried
walked
REFERENCE
asked

Pronunciation. ed

7. Grammar. Past Simple

We make negatives with didnt (did not) +
infinitive.
I didnt want to leave school.
We make questions with did + subject + infinitive.
Where did you go to school?
Did you like school?
a) Complete to the conversation. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple.
A: Where (1) Did you go (you / go) to school?
B: My father (2) __________ (work) for a multinational company
and we (3) __________(live) in lots of different countries, so I (4) _________ (go) to five
different schools.
A: (5) __________ (you / enjoy) your school days?
B: No, I didnt. Not really. I (6) __________ (not have) many friends because we (7)
__________ (not stay) long in one place. I (8) __________ (leave) one school after six
months!
A: (9) __________ (you / do) well in your exams?
B: Yes, I did. Because I (10) __________ (not / go) out with friends, I (11) __________
(study) a lot in the evenings and at the weekends. I (12) _________ (not / get) top grades,
but I (13) __________ (get) a place at Cambridge University.
A: What was that like? (14) __________ (you / like) it?
B: Yes. I (15) __________ (think) it was great.

8. Speaking Task. Stand up and move around the class. Ask Did you? questions. When
somebody answers Yes, I did write down their name and ask the question, e.g. Where to?
Find a person who
Did you travel by plane last year?
Did you start learning English a long time ago?
Did you play football last weekend?
Did you study last night?
Did you cook a meal yesterday?
Did you arrive late for class today?
Did you listen to the radio this morning?
Did you invite a friend to dinner last weekend?
Did you finish work late last night?

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

Where to?
When?
Who with?
What?
What?
Why?
What programme?
Who?
Why?

Did you watch TV last night?

__________ What programme?

3 B Language reference
Grammar: Past simple
We use past simple to talk about past actions and states.
The actions and states are finished.
Examples:
I left school in 1999. Then I went to University
I liked rock music when I was a teenager.
We often use a time expression with the past simple, for example yesterday, last week, in
2003.
Examples:
I saw John yesterday.
We lived in Brussels in 2003.

Personal pronoun
I
He / She / It
You / We / They
Personal Pronoun
I
He / She / It
You / We They

Auxiliary
Did
Did
Did

Did you find a job?

Affirmative
Verb in past simple
found
found
found
Negative
Full form
Infinitive verb
did not
find
did not
find
did not
find
Question
Personal Pronoun
I
He / She / it
You / We / They

Complement
a job
a job
a job

Infinitive verb
find
find
find

Contraction
didnt find
didnt find
didnt find

Complement
a job?
a job?
a job?

Short answer
Yes, I did. / No, I didnt

With regular verbs, we usually add ed to the infinitive in the affirmative. There are three
groups of exceptions.
1. When the verb ends in e, we add d.
like liked

love loved

2. When the verb ends in y after a consonant, we change the y to ied.

study studied

try tried

3. With some verbs that end in a consonant, we double the consonant.

plan planned

stop stopped

Other verbs in this group include: admit, chat, control, drop, nod, occur, refer, regret, rob,
transfer, and trap.
Many common verbs have irregular past forms.
eat ate

go - went

leave - left

3 C Future Simple (will)

Making predictions about the future

1. Reading Task. Read the conversation between Javier and Dan about their future plans

Dan: What do you think the weather in our town will be like when we finish studying?
Javier: With global warming, I think it will be very hot.
Javier: Next year when I finish secondary school I will go to high school in Mexico City. I
have to prepare to get into medical school. What are your plans, Dan?
Dan: I want to go to music school and become a famous musician.
Javier: Will you travel before you go to college?
Dan: Yes, I will. Will you?
Javier: I dont know. I think I will study medicine and travel later.
Dan: Will you get married young?
Javier: No, I wont. I will study for many years before I become a doctor.

2. Based on the previous dialogue, choose with a tick the answer for the next questions.
a) Where will Javier go when he finishes secondary school?
____ To The United States.

____ To Mexico City.

____ To Europe.

b) What will he do there?

____ Get married.

____ Have children.

____ Go to school.

c) Javier wants to be
____ a lawyer.

____ a doctor.

____ a musician.

____ a doctor.

____ a musician.

d) Dan wants to be
____ a lawyer.

3. What will you do after school?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4. Match the columns.
Juan is studying medicine
Martha is learning how to cook
Mark plays in a band
Davis is moving to Germany

he will be an astronomer.
he will be a rock start.
he will live in Frankfurt.
he will be a mechanic.

Luis loves car engines

Daniel is always starting at the stars

he will be a doctor.
she will become a chef.

5. Answer the following questions according to the previous exercise:

Example:
Will Juan be a mechanic?
No, he wont, He will be a doctor.
a) Will Martha become a chef?
________________________________________________________________________
b) Will David live in Paris?
________________________________________________________________________
c) Will Mark be a rock star?
________________________________________________________________________

6. Speaking Task. Ask your classmates about their future plans and write the answers.

Questions
Will you get married?
Will you go out at the weekend?
Will you have children some day?
Will you be a doctor?
Will you cook the dinner at night?
Will you do your homework tomorrow?
Will you travel the text summer?
Will you buy a new car the next year?
Will you study English the next month?
Will you take a shower tomorrow in the morning?
Will you live in another country?

Classmate 1

Classmate 2

7. Writing Task. Write your plans for the next week in the datebook.
Monday

Tuesday

Wednesda
y

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

3 c Language reference
Grammar: future (Will)
We use will + infinitive when we decide something at the moment of speaking.
Example:
Dont worry Ill ask my husband to fix the window this afternoon. (She is deciding now.)
We sometimes use will to make offers.
Example:
If you like, Ill take you in my car.
Affirmative
Affirmative
Personal
Full
pronoun
form
I
will
He / She / It
will
You / We / They
will

Auxiliary
Will
Will
Will

Will you phone?

Contraction
ll
ll
ll

Personal
Pronoun
I
He / She / It
You / We They

Question
Personal Pronoun
I
He / She / it
You / We / They

Negative
Full form

Contraction

will not
will not
will not

wont
wont
wont

Infinitive verb
phone?
phone?
phone?

Short answer
Yes, I will. / No, I wont

7 A Irregular verbs
Infinitive
be
become
break
build
buy
can
catch
choose
come
cost
cut
do
drink
drive
eat
fall
feel
fight
find
fly
forget
get
give
go
have
hit
keep
know
learn
lend
make
meet
pay
put
read
ride
run
say
see
sell
send
shut
sit
smell
speak

Past simple
was/were
became
broke
built
bought
could
caught
chose
came
cost
cut
did
drank
drove
ate
fell
felt
fought
found
flew
forgot
got
gave
went
had
hit
kept
knew
learned/learnt
lent
made
met
paid
put
read
rode
ran
said
saw
sold
sent
shut
sat
smelt
spoke

Past participle
been
become
broken
built
bought
been able
caught
chosen
come
cost
cut
done
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
felt
fought
found
flown
forgotten
got
given
gone
had
hit
kept
known
learned/learnt
lent
made
met
paid
put
read
ridden
run
said
seen
sold
sent
shut
sat
smelt
spoken

spend
stand
steal
swim
take
tell
win

spent
stood
stole
swam
took
told
won

spent
stood
stolen
swum
taken
told
won

7 B Regular verbs
Infinitive
apply
appear
arrive
ask
bring
brush
burn
call
cash
Celebrate
change
clean
comb
complicate
continue
cook
copy
dance
describe
develop
discover
discuss
enjoy
erase
escape
finish
fix
happen
Help
Imagine
Include
judge
kiss
learn
live
love
move
need
obligate
open
paint
Participate
play
played
practice

Past simple
applied
appeared
arrived
asked
brought
brushed
Burned / burnt
called
cashed
celebrated
changed
cleaned
combed
complicated
continued
cooked
copied
Danced
described
developed
discovered
discussed
enjoyed
erased
escaped
finished
fixed
happened
helped
imagined
included
judged
kissed
Learned / learnt
lived
loved
moved
needed
obligated
opened
painted
participated
played
played
practiced

Past participle
Applied
Appeared
Arrived
asked
Brought
Brushed
Burned / burnt
called
Cashed
Celebrated
Changed
Cleaned
Combed
Complicated
Continued
Cooked
Copied
Danced
Described
Developed
Discovered
Discussed
Enjoyed
Erased
Escaped
Finished
Fixed
Happened
Helped
Imagined
Included
Judged
Kissed
Learned / learnt
Lived
loved
Moved
Deeded
Obligated
Opened
Painted
participated
Played
Played
Practiced

save
spell
start
stop
travel
try
use
wash
watch
work

saved
Spelled / spelt
started
stopped
traveled
tried
used
washed
watched
worked

Saved
Spelled / spelt
started
Stopped
Traveled
tried
used
washed
watched
worked