Conduction- Conduction in solids and liquids operates by part of the kinetic energy of one particle being

passed to its immediate neighbour. In simple terms the bonds between neighbouring atoms and molecules
in a solid can be thought of as elastic links; as one particle vibrates it causes the next in the line to vibrate
also. This process repeats, particle after particle allowing thermal energy to be passed from the hot face of a
body to the cold face. In the case of liquids however their ability to flow means that in most cases convection
is a more significant method of heat transfer.
A pot sitting on a hot burner
Touching a metal spoon that is sitting in a pot of boiling water
Using a heating blanket to get warm
Picking up a hot cup of coffee
Radiation- Radiation operates by the hot object emitting electromagnetic radiation. The precise characteristics
of the radiation depend on the temperature of the hot object. Cooler objects (e.g. people) radiate in the near
infrared and so can be detected with IR cameras. Hot objects (e.g. incandescent lamps (ordinary light bulbs))
radiate strongly in the visible spectrum and so we can see by their light. Very hot objects (e.g. electrical sparks
and arcs) radiate strongly in the near ultraviolet, as a result people using arc welding equipment need to use
special masks in order to avoid sun burn to the eyeballs (also called welders flash or arc eye). In addition
as the temperature of an object increases the amount of energy it emits at any given wavelength increases.
This increases as the fourth power of the temperature. As a result if the (absolute) temperature of an object is
doubled (say from 400 K to 800 K) then the amount of energy it radiates will increase by a factor of sixteen and
a tenfold increase in the temperature will increase the radiation level by a factor of ten thousand!

A person placing their cold hands over a warm fire

Lying out in the sun to get a tan
Convection- Convection operates when a fluid (a liquid or gas) is heated resulting in a change in density.
Usually the fluid will expand on heating and so become less dense. The difference in density with the
surrounding fluid leads causes the fluid to flow, carrying thermal energy with it.Convection is by far the hardest
form of heat transfer to produce theoretical models for. The rate of heat flow is affected not only by the
temperature differences involved but also the viscosities and rates of thermal expansion of the fluid and size,
shape and surface texture of any objects in contact with the fluid (such as the heater).

How the inside of a greenhouse works.

Putting your wet shoes on a floor vent to dry them faster
Macaroni rising and falling in a pot of boiling water

We have all noticed that when you heat something up, its temperature rises. Often we think that heat and
temperature are the same thing. However, this is not the case. Heat and temperature are related to each other,
but are different concepts.
Heat is the total energy of molecular motion in a substance while temperature is a measure of the average
energy of molecular motion in a substance. Heat energy depends on the speed ofthe particles, the number of
particles (the size or mass), and the type of particles in an object. Temperature does not depend on the size or
type of object. For example, the temperature of a small cup of water might be the same as the temperature of a
large tub of water, but the tub of water has more heat because it has more water and thus more total thermal
energy.It is heat that will increase or decrease the temperature. If we add heat, the temperature will become
higher. If we remove heat the temperature will become lower. Higher temperatures mean that the molecules are
moving, vibrating and rotating with more energy.If we take two objects which have the same temperature and
bring them into contact, there will be no overall transfer of energy between them because the average energies
of the particles in each object are the same. But if the temperature of one object is higher than that of the other

object, there will be a transfer of energy from the hotter to the colder object until both objects reach the same
temperature.
Temperature is not energy, but a measure of it. Heat is energy.