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Karen Gumabon, Genevive Hernandez, Beatrice Ilao, Ma. Kristina Lagman, and Lyra Murielle Lasangre
Group 4 2F Pharmacy
University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Pharmacy
ABSTRACT
Distillation is the process of converting a liquid to a vapor, condensing the vapor, and
collecting the distillate into another container. It is a commonly used method for purifying
liquids and separating mixtures of liquids with different boiling points into their individual
components. The experiment aimed to differentiate simple from fractional distillation, to
separate its components, alcohol and water, and to determine its percentage of the
ethanol in a beverage. A certain volume (15 ml) of vodka was placed on the pearshaped flask with a fractional distillation set-up and was heated constantly with an
alcohol lamp. A 0.50 mL of distillate was collected in every test tube until the
temperature reached close to 100C. The first and last distillates were kept and its
flammability was tested. The first distillate was flammable meaning it has the
component, ethanol, while the last distillate is inflammable thus, having the water
component after being purified. The volume of distillate collected by the end of the
distillation was 7 mL at 100c and the residue was 3.4 mL giving a percent ethanol of
31%.
INTRODUCTION
Distillation can be used in purifying
water or other substances and removing
or separating the components of mixture
such as an alcoholic beverage like
vodka, by means of separating more
volatile substance from non-volatile or
less volatile substance.(University of
Colorado at Boulder, Department of
Chemistry and Biochemistry) There are
two principles that lie in the experiment,
Raoults Law and Daltons Law. Raoults
Law connotes that the vapor pressure of
a solution equals the product of the
vapor pressure of the pure solvent and
the mole fraction of solvent.While
Daltons Law, which is also known as
law of partial pressure, implies that the
pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the
sum of the partial pressures of the
Materials
15
Methods
Volume
(mL)
Temperatur
e C
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
32
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
79
79
83
93
96
99
7.0
100
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
00.511.522.533.544.555.566.57
Volume (mL)
%loss=
Vsample(Vdistilate +Vresidue)
x 100
Vsample
15 mL (7 ml+3.4 mL)
x 100=30.67
15 mL
Therefore, the percent ethanol content
is 20%. The percent loss is 30.67%.
This explains that there was some part
of the sample that was lost which was
caused by evaporation due to the
constant heating of the flask. The
percent loss also shows that there was