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Fabricating FRP
Composites
www.corrosionresins.com
To the best of our knowledge, the information contained in this publication is accurate. However, we assume no liability for the accuracy or completeness of such information. The data in this publication were gathered using generally accepted industry practices and
equipment. Because equipment, material and environmental conditions may not be precisely the same, we cannot guarantee that others will achieve exactly the same results. The user of this publication is solely responsible for determining the suitability of the guides
information to the users particular operation or end-use application.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction............................................................... Page 3
2. Selecting a Corrosion Resin System.............................. Page 4
3. Selecting Reinforcements............................................. Page 12
4. Initiator, Promoters and Other Additives........................ Page 16
5. Resin Quality Assurance and Record Keeping................ Page 20
Table 1. Common Quality Control Tests...................... Page 22
Table 2. Getting Started with
Quality Assurance Equipment................................... Page 23
6. Resin Handling, Safety and Regulatory Issues................ Page 24
7. Composite Processing Guidelines................................. Page 26
8. Appendix
Typical Formulations and Gel Times
of Select Vipel Resins............................................. Page 32
Trademark Notices.................................................. Page 36
Vipel Corrosion Resin Cross Reference....................... Page 37
Introduction
Depending on the experience and expertise of the reader, this guide can serve as
a reference source, a shop handbook or an educational tool. It has been prepared
primarily for fabricators who may benefit from AOC resin technology to make
fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites that will be used in corrosive environments. This publication may also prove helpful to engineers, consultants, facility
managers and other decision-makers who recommend, design or use composites
for their corrosion-resistant properties.
In thousands of locations around the world, FRP composites made with AOC resins have been fighting the high cost of corrosion for decades. Vipel chemistries
have set the global standard for large diameter water and sewer pipes, underground fuel storage tanks and sewer line rehabilitation. Applications using Vipel
corrosion-resistant resin technology are also found in chemical processing plants,
mineral solvent extraction operations, power generation sites and food processing
facilities.
AOC continues its leadership in corrosion-resistant composites with a wide range
of Vipel thermoset resins designed to resist corrosive attack from chemicals, moisture, thermal cycles and fatigue-stress. Certain Vipel products are also designed
for food contact, potable water, pharmaceutical and other applications requiring
regulatory compliance from such authorities as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). For specific requirements, there are Vipel resin grades for flame retardance, low smoke, higher
temperature resistance and higher mechanical properties.
You can use this manual to determine which Vipel corrosion resin from AOC meets
specific performance requirements without over designing or overpricing the
application. Because Vipel resin technology is part of an engineered material
system, this guide also covers: reinforcement selection, catalysts and related chemistries, performance additives, quality checks and record keeping. In addition, the
guide covers important issues related to fabrication, the environment, health and safety.
Scrubber
Vipel K022-CC
HEE Environmental Engineering
Selecting a
Corrosion
Resin System
Fabricator responsibility
Most fabricators warrant materials, workmanship and compliance with referenced standards.
Material warranties generally exclude corrosion
resistance or performance. The chemical makeup and process are controlled by the user, not the
fabricator. While most users accept these conditions, the fabricator has the ultimate responsibility for proper resin selection. Resin manufacturers provide critical resin physical property,
regulatory, laminate corrosion resistance and
laminating process and cure system data.
The fabricators compliance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards for the
reinforced plastic industry dictate accountability of
resin consumption by Hazardous Air Pollutant (HAP)
content. For corrosion resins, the regulated HAPs are
styrene and methyl methacrylate monomers.
Fabricator recommendation
When the user, specifer or owner depends on the
fabricator to make a recommendation for selection
of the resin system, be certain the user states all
aspects of the application and service. Some information in the following checklist of application and
service factors does not directly impact resin selection but clearly influences the acceptable design. To
select the proper resin system, determine:
The common name and, when possible, the
chemical name of the substance to which the composite will be exposed. For example, muriatic is a
common name for hydrochloric acid. This type of
information is generally contained in the Material
Safety Data Sheet for the medium.
The concentration of each of the chemical components. In waste streams or other mixtures, it is
imperative that every component be identified by
chemical name and concentration.
Specific gravity of each chemical solution
or mixture.
pH, if it is an aqueous system.
Normal operating temperature range.
Include any anticipated temperature excursions due
to process upset or other abnormal condition.
Maximum use temperature not maximum design temperature. Refer to AOC Resin Data Sheets
for specific information about resin heat deflection
temperature.
Pressure and/or vacuum conditions. For tanks
it is also important to know if filling will be by pressure such as from a tank truck. Closed vent systems
must be clearly identified with a statement of pressure drop to be applied to the equipment.
Length of exposure to the medium if less that
continuous. In unusual cases, only a short period
of exposure is to be expected. For example, the
laminate may need to only withstand occasional
splashes.
Process description where a reaction such as
neutralization takes place in the tank. Exothermic reactions must be described with detailed temperature
range from the start to the maximum with control
methodologies to insure operating temperature limits are not exceeded. Time range may also be important to avoid thermal shock.
In those instances where the specific application is not listed, the fabricator is encouraged to
contact AOC. The checklist information above
should be included and should be directed to:
Corrosion Product Leader
AOC
950 Highway 57 East
Collierville, TN 38017
Phone: (901) 854-2800
Fax: (901) 854-2895
The Corrosion Advisor button on the AOC corrosion website (www.corrosionresins.com) provides a direct link to send an e-mail message with
this information to the Corrosion Product Leader.
Resin Technologies
AOC manufactures a wide range of corrosion resistant products comprised of vinyl esters and polyesters.
Vinyl ester resins include bisphenol A epoxy and epoxy novolac products. Polyesters include isophthalic,
terephthalic and chlorendic products. Vinyl esters are
sold to the chemical, pulp and paper, pharmaceutical,
mining, power, food and high purity markets. Vinyl
esters and polyesters are used for municipal water and
waste treatment and a wide range of general chemical
and food processing applications. High tensile elongation properties of bisphenol A vinyl esters provide
superior toughness for improved impact resistance.
Vinyl Esters
Unsaturated Polyesters
Bisphenol A fumarate polyesters, such as
Vipel F282, have been widely used in corrosive
service. Many users have successful applications
of these types of resins with over 30 years service
and favor them over vinyl ester alternatives. Heat
distortion temperatures are marginally higher
than basic vinyl esters with a trade off in lower
tensile elongation.
Epoxy novolac vinyl esters offer unique performance in aggressive applications where conventional
vinyl esters have restricted serviceability. Vipel epoxy
novolac vinyl ester resins are highly reactive and very
sensitive to cure system variables. While they are compatible with most veil and reinforcement materials, the
reactivity and exotherm temperatures require greater
skills and workmanship of the laminator.
Vipel F085 provides elevated temperature capability with a heat distortion temperature (HDT) of 300F
(149C) and better resistance to some solvents.
10
Vipel F774 is a high crosslinked version engineered primarily for composite underground fuel
storage tanks but may be used for any application needing resistance to a wide range of solvents and chemicals, including many acidic solutions. These resin technologies meet Underwriters
Laboratories 1316 and 1746 requirements for
underground storage applications.
11
Selecting
Reinforcements
12
Selection of reinforcements is not as complex as selection of resins. Chemical service can influence the
selection of veil material for exposed surfaces and the
type of glass for gun rovings and mats used in interior layers adjacent to the surface. Industry standards,
project specifications, fabrication processes and application techniques usually include stipulations for the
other forms of reinforcement to be used.
Surface Veils
C-glass veil
Synthetic veil
Surface veils are intended to provide limited reinforcement to thin [0.01 to 0.03 inches, (0.25 mm to 0.76
mm) thick] resin rich layers on the exposed surfaces
of corrosion resistant equipment to reduce cracking
and crazing of the resin. The most commonly used
veil material is monofilament fiber made from Type C
or ECR glass. Synthetic veils, such as Nexus, made
from polyester or other man made fibers are used in
chemical environments that would attack glass fibers.
Specialty veils are frequently preferred in some severe
environments.
The weight and thickness of the veil plies dictate the
thickness of a veil-reinforced layer. The resulting surface layer is usually 90 to 95% resin by weight. Typi-
13
Combination Fabrics
Gun Roving
Woven roving
Unidirectional fabric
Bi-directional fabrics are similar to woven roving except that the rovings are held together with a non-glass
knitted stitch yarn. This keeps the rovings straight in
the finished laminate and tends to increase the physical properties in comparison to woven roving.
Uni-directional fabrics are used to impart strength in
one direction. Uni-directional fabrics generally have
the glass fibers in the fill direction (across the width of
the roll) and the knitting yarns in the weft direction (the
length of the roll). These fabrics are frequently added
to filament wound structures to add longitudinal or
axial strength, particularly where the winding angle
is shallow (nearly circumferential). These materials are
14
Gun roving
Probably most important are the wet out and roll out
characteristics after the roving has been chopped and
sprayed onto the part with the resin. The ultimate quality of the laminate is a function of the degree to which
entrapped air is removed. Ease of air removal during rollout will directly impact the workers ability to
achieve acceptable quality.
Filament winding rovings, like gun rovings, are continuous fibers provided in doffs or balls. Roving weight
is measured as yield and expressed in yd/pound.
Typical yields are from 113 to 675 yd/pound (227 to
1,359 m/kg). Winding rovings are usually Type E
15
Initiator,
Promoters
and Other
Additives
16
Open molding processes typically utilize room temperature cure systems. Catalyst is added to resin that
is pre-promoted as purchased or blended by the fabricator using promoters, accelerators and other additives to provide specific process curing characteristics.
Gel time, gel to peak exotherm time and temperature
can be selectively tailored by careful knowledgeable
use of these additives.
Typical Vipel resin gel times in the Appendix of this
guide gives detailed formulations for various resins to
provide the fabricator maximum flexibility in dictating
cure behavior. Each formulation listed identifies the
catalyst, promoter, accelerator and any other additive
preferred to achieve the indicated gel and cure times.
Initiators
17
Blended initiators
Trigonox
18
the fire retardant properties. Addition of these products to non halogenated resins does not improve the
flame resistance significantly. Antimony trioxide has
been the most common product, and it should be incorporated with a high shear mixer in order to ensure
that the particles are suitably dispersed into the resin.
Frequent mixing is recommended to prevent settling in
the resin.
Liquid dispersions of antimony products are also
available and preferred by many fabricators. Since
the liquid dispersions such as Nyacol APE3040 are
only 40% active, this dilution factor must be taken into
account. Nyacol is a dispersion of the synergist in a
non corrosion-resistant resin. This should be taken into
consideration for some severe corrosion applications.
Generally, antimony oxides are not incorporated into
the corrosion barrier, so this is not normally a concern.
Some grades of antimony trioxide fillers and dispersions have been known to cause gel drift. Thus any
antimony oxide product should be added to the resin
just prior to use and the gel time checked daily.
One significant advantage of using a liquid dispersion such as Nyacol APE3040 is that the laminate is
less opaque. Thus the removal of air bubbles from a
resin containing Nyacol APE3040 is easier.
Thixotropes such as Cab-O-Sil TS-720 or Aerosil R 202 can be added for viscosity control or
making putties and pastes. However, it is recommended that they not be used in corrosion liner
resins as they will reduce chemical resistance.
Abrasion resistant additives such as aluminum
oxide, silica and silicon carbide can be added
to resin to improve the abrasion resistance of the
composite. Other fillers are generally prohibited
in many corrosion-resistant equipment specifications. Occasionally, inert conductive fillers such
as graphite or carbon black will be added to
a resin to meet electrical conductivity requirements. Abrasion resistance of the composite can
be improved through the use of hard, inert fillers
such as silicon carbide.
Defoaming agents are occasionally needed to
enhance release of air bubbles that form in the
resin when cobalt and MEKP initiators are used.
Foaming is less common when high dimer initiators are used than when low dimer imitators are
used. Examples are BYK-A 555 and Foam Kill.
Pigments add inherent color to the finished part. Pigments are not widely used in the fabrication of corrosion resistant equipment and are prohibited in the corrosion barrier by many specifications except by user
fabricator agreement. AOCs Chroma-Tek pigment
dispersions are recommended if color is desired.
19
Resin Quality
Assurance &
Record
Keeping
20
Good recordkeeping is the essential first step to ensuring the quality and consistency of corrosion resistant
parts. From incoming raw materials to finished parts
shipment, the fabricator should keep a record of any
variables that may affect the parts ability to meet mechanical and physical property targets. The fabricator
should keep the quality control information provided
by material suppliers.
The quality assurance measurements in Table 1. Common Quality Control Tests are conducted, using properly maintained and calibrated equipment. A step-bystep protocol for each of the AOC test procedures is
available on request and can also be obtained from the
AOC Corrosion Specialist for your region. In addition
to those pre-shipment tests performed by AOC, several
tests that should be routinely checked by the fabricator
are also listed. Table 2. Getting Started with Quality
Assurance Equipment is intended for composite manufacturing operations that may need help in selecting
equipment for these measurements.
Quality Assurance
Quality control testing guidelines on incoming raw materials are listed in detail in ASME RTP-1. This is an
excellent reference document for all corrosion fabricators. An AOC certificate of analysis should accompany
every batch of resin. If the certificate is lost in transit,
fabricators are encouraged to obtain replacement certificates from the producing AOC plant or the distributor as needed. Fabricators who have quality control
testing capability can compare their test results with the
AOC results. If there is a significant variation between
the two values, fabricators should contact the technical
service lab at the AOC producing plant.
Record Keeping
21
Viscosity test
22
Barcol impresser
Gardco (800-762-2478)
HA908
08-594-17B
08-595D
13-711-5A
22A
Sunshine (800-343-1199)
11-380A
14-635-5D
Muffle furnace
10-750-14A
Oven
13-247-826F
Pipette 2 ml
13-671-108B
Pipette bulb
13-681-102A
Ohaus 710-00
Model# PR2003DR
Cat# 01-918-29
14-365B
CB-1130
BYK-Gardner (800-343-7721)
Stopwatch
14-648-1
Test tubes
MP20700
U-35629-10
Cole-Parmer (800-323-4340)
15-041-4F
01-346
Viscometer
Brookfield RVF
Brookfield (800-628-8139)
Water bath
15-460-6
Scale digital
1 Manufacturers may change product designation or replace models with new versions.
2 Specific manufacturer names are provided as a starting point and do not constitute an endorsement by AOC.
23
Resin Handling,
Safety and
Regulatory Issues
24
Storage
Safety
Regulatory Issues
MACT
Composite fabricators must comply with Maximum
Achievable Control Technology (MACT) regulations
established by the U.S. Environmental Protection. For
composites fabrication, styrene (the principal monomer in polyester and vinyl ester resins) and methyl
methacrylate (frequently used monomer in gel coats
and some resins) are listed as Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs).
Affected composites manufacturers must demonstrate compliance in accordance with options provided in the final EPA National Emissions Standards
for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP), codified in
40 CFR Part 63 Subpart WWWW. The American
Composites Manufacturers Association (ACMA) is
an excellent source of information and guidance
about the rule. ACMA also provides MACT compliance calculators for member companies and
links to EPA documents. Generally, detailed MACT
information is not available for non-members. For
more information about AMCA, go to www.acmanet.
org. Copies of the MACT rule, revisions and other related documents are is available on the EPA web site
at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/rpc/rpcpg.html
25
Composite
Processing
Guidelines
26
Post Curing
To ensure that the final composite will meet fire retardant and corrosion resistant expectations, post curing
is recommended. In addition, post curing is required
on any composite that will be used for food/drug applications and aggressive chemicals such as sodium
hypochlorite. Post curing vinyl ester options are:
1) Two hours at 200F (93C)
2) Four hours at 180F (82C)
Depending on the chemical environment, novolac
resin composites may need to be post cured for four
hours at 212F (100C). Depending on the heat distortion temperature of the isophthalics or terephthalics, post cure is generally accomplished by heating
for four hours at 160F (71C) to 180F (82C). Ideally, laminates cured with BPO should be post cured
within one week of lamination. This is not necessary with composites cured with MEKP. Temperature
should be closely monitored during ramp-up, at peak
temperature and during cool down. Direct any questions on this procedure to AOCs Product Leader for
Corrosion Resins.
Secondary Bonding
Secondary bonds can easily be applied to most composites manufactured with Vipel products. Laminates
are typically ground prior to secondary bonding
operations. The structural layer is usually applied to
Test Patches
Top Coats
27
Formulation and gel time of topcoat resins are critical for optimum cure and performance of coated
surfaces. The required paraffin content is generally
0.05-0.20 % by weight depending on the generic
resin type. Since the paraffin is insoluble in the resin,
a solution of paraffin wax in styrene is added to the
resin.
Resin and paraffin solution temperatures should be
at least 70F (21C) when preparing the topcoat mixture.
Paraffin solution should be slowly added to the
resin after mixing has been started.
Addition of thixotropic agents should be avoided.
Topcoat resins should be thoroughly re-mixed immediately prior to use. Mixing action should be mild
to avoid generation of air bubbles.
Batch size should be dictated by estimated needs
for use within one day of preparation.
Initiator level should be such that the exotherm temperature is reached in a relatively short time after
gelation to insure complete cure of the thin topcoat
layer.
28
Application of Topcoats
Surface grinding
Catalyzing topcoat resin for brush or roller application: The quantity of topcoat resin to be catalyzed
should be approximately the amount of resin that
can be applied before it gels in the container. Since
the mix has been formulated for a relatively short
gel time, the amount may be small. After thorough
stirring to ensure complete mixing of the initiator, allow the mixture to rest for a moment to allow froth
or foaming to dissipate before applying the topcoat.
29
Bonding to Concrete
30
Bonding to Steel
Apply composite as soon as possible after the primer has cured and plan to lay up on the primer within
3 days of the primer being tack free. The choice of
specific resin will depend on the chemical environment that the composite is exposed to, temperature,
specific mechanical stresses, etc. Avoid contamination of the primer surface prior to the application of
the composite.
Grind off stray fibers with an 80 grit abrasive.
Apply a top coat onto the final cured composite as
described above.
31
Appendix
32
3)
Extra
care
must
be
taken
to
handle
tertiary
butyl
cath ecol (TBC) because it can burn
the skin upon contact. The higher the con centration, the more likely TBC will burn.
TBC will inhibit any initiator system but
its use should not exceed 0.05% of
the 85%
version.
TBC
is
best
used as a 10% solution in sty rene. The solution can be prepared
from solid TBC or an 85% concentrated so lution depending on availability.
4)
33
Cobalt Naphthenate (6%) & DMA and alternate DEA with 1.25% Hipoint 90 MEKP Catalyst
DMA
DEA
Resin
Temperature
60s
70s
90s
60s
70s
(F)
10 20 min.
19
16
13
18
17
15
MEKP,%
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.3
CoNAP,%
DMA,%
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
DEA,%
0.2
0.1
2,4-P,%
0.01
TBC,%
0.01
.
26
32
29
25
38
32
29
36
34
27
20 40 min
1.25
1.25
MEKP,%
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
CoNAP,%
DMA,%
0.05 0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
DEA,%
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
2,4-P,%
0.02
0.05
0.05
0.02
0.05
0.01
TBC,%
0.025
0.01
0.015
0.015
40 60 min.
MEKP,%
CoNAP,%
DMA,%
DEA,%
2,4-P,%
TBC,%
43
1.25
0.2
0.05
43
1.25
0.2
0.05
0.05
50
1.25
0.2
0.05
52
1.25
0.2
0.05
0.08
0.017
51
1.25
0.1
0.05
46
1.25
0.1
0.05
0.1
0.03
0.04
90s
12
1.25
0.1
15
1.25
0.1
0.1
0.01
0.1
0.005
29
1.25
0.1
30
1.25
0.1
0.1
0.04
0.1
0.02
47
1.25
0.2
49
1.25
0.2
44
1.25
0.2
51
1.25
0.2
48
1.25
0.1
51
1.25
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.1
0.1
0.07
0.1
0.1
0.06
0.1
0.016
0.035
0.03
40 60 min.
BPO,%
DMA,%
DEA,%
BPO,%
DMA,%
DEA,%
36
1.0
0.1
54
1.0
0.07
35
1.0
0.3
44
1.0
0.2
34
27
1.0
0.1
57
1.0
0.05
30
1.0
0.25
52
1.0
0.15
90s
13
1.0
0.1
38
1.0
0.05
48
1.0
0.04
13
1.0
0.3
25
1.0
0.15
52
1.0
0.1
Cobalt Naphthenate (6%) & DMA and DEA alternative with 1.25% Hipoint 90 MEKP Catalyst
Resin
Temperature
(F)
10 20 min.
MEKP,%
CoNAP,%
DMA,%
DEA,%
20 40 min.
MEKP,%
CoNAP,%
DMA,%
DEA,%
2,4-P,%
TBC,%
40 60 min.
MEKP,%
CoNAP,%
DMA,%
DEA,%
2,4-P,%
TBC,%
DMA
DEA
60s
70s
90s
60s
70s
90s
20
1.25
0.2
0. 2
13
1.25
0.3
0.15
17
1.25
0.3
0.05
16
1.25
0.3
17
1.25
0.3
13
1.25
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.2
24
1.25
0.2
0.1
32
1.25
0.2
0.05
0.05
44
1.25
0.2
0.05
0.04
52
1.25
0.1
0.05
0.007
48
1.25
0.2
0.05
0.075
36
1.25
0.2
0.05
27
1.25
0.2
0.05
0.0075
50
1.25
0.2
0.05
0.015
0.08
46
1.25
0.2
0.05
0.1
31
1.25
0.2
0.05
30
1.25
0.2
28
1.25
0.2
35
1.25
0.2
36
1.25
0.2
33
1.25
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.1
0.1
0.08
0.1
0.01
55
1.25
0.2
0.05
0.02
0.004
0.017
44
1.25
0.2
45
1.25
0.2
48
1.25
0.2
56
1.25
0.2
52
1.25
0.2
43
1.25
0.2
0.1
0.04
0.1
0.1
0.06
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.005
0.01
0.025
40 60 min.
BPO,%
DMA,%
DEA,%
BPO,%
DMA,%
DEA,%
23
1.0
0.25
27
1.0
49
1.0
0.1
56
1.0
0.5
0.25
26
1.0
0.12
28
1.0
0.3
44
1.0
0.1
55
1.0
0.15
10
1.0
0.2
90s
15
1.0
0.3
26
1.0
0.09
27
1.0
0.2
42
1.0
0.05
54
1.0
0.1
40 60 min.
Alternative #1
60s
No Data
70s
17
1.5
0.4
0.2
90s
16
1.25
0.2
0.02
CHP,%
CoNAP,%
DMA,%
23
2
0.4
0.2
29
1.5
0.3
0.05
30
1
0.3
0.05
CHP,%
CoNAP,%
DMA,%
46
1
0.3
0.05
50
1
0.2
0
43
1
0.15
0
35
40 70 min.
60s
No Data
70s
15
1.0
0.6
90s
16
1.0
0.2
MEKP,%
CoNAP,%
23
1.0
0.6
24
1.5
0.2
21
0.75
0.2
MEKP,%
CoNAP,%
70
1.0
0.2
43
1.0
0.2
No Data
70s
20
1.5
0.4
0.1
90s
16
1.5
0.3
0.05
40 60 min.
60s
No Data
CHP,%
CoNAP,%
DMA,%
2,4-P,%
35
2.0
0.4
0.2
0
30
1.5
0.3
0.05
0
30
1.0
0.2
0
0.05
CHP,%
CoNAP,%
DMA,%
49
1.5
0.3
0.05
45
1.0
0.2
0
49
1.0
0.2
0.1
Trademark Notices
Aerosil is a registered trademark of Degussa Corp. Aropol is a registered trademark of Ashland Inc.
BYK is a registered trademark of BYK. Cab-O-Sil is a registered trademark of Cabot Corp.
Chroma-Tek is a registered trademark of AOC, LLC. CoREZYN is a registered trademark of Interplastic Corp.
Derakane is a registered trademark of Ashland Inc. DION is a registered trademark of Reichhold Inc.
Hetron is a registered trademark of Ashland Inc. Lupersox is a registered trademark of Arkema Inc.
Mylar is a registered trademark of DuPont Teijin Films. Norox is a registered trademark of Norac, Inc.
Nyacol is a registered trademark of Nyacol Nano Technologies, Inc. Trigonox is a registered trademark of Akzo Nobel nv.
Underwriters Laboratories is a registered trademark of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Vipel is a registered trademark of AOC, LLC.
36
Derakane
ASHLAND
Hetron
F010
411
922
8300
F007
F017
441
8084
942
F080
441
980
8360
8550
8710
8770
F083
441
980/35
K022-AA
K026-AA
510A
Isophthalic Polyester
(rigid)
Isophthalic Polyester (resilient)
Fire Retardant Halogenated
Isophthalic Polyester Class I flame
spread without the use of
synergists *
Fire Retardant Halogenated
Isophthalic Polyester Class I flame
spread with the use antimony
trioxide *
Terephthalic (rigid)
Terephthalic Polyester
(rigid high cross-linked)
Chlorendic Acid Polyester Class I
flame spread with the use of
antimony trioxide *
Bisphenol-A Fumarate Polyester
* Tested according to ASTM E84
Aropol
INTERPLASTIC
CoREZYN
REICHHOLD
DION
9100
9102
9085
8360
8440
K022-AC
K022-CC
510C
K022-CN
VE8450
FR992SB
K023
F085
F086
FR992
FR9300
8440M-AT
FR998/35
470
470HT
970
8730
9400
K095
510N
F764
F701
7241
7242
F737
7334
75-AQ-001, S & W
75-AQ-010, S & W
75-AQ-011
75-AQ-610
K733-A
K733-B
6631
6334
FR7767
604T-20
99P
F713
F774
490
K190
197
F282
700
16-DA-097
797
6694
37
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