Quadratic Equations In

One Variable

Xandro Alexi Nieto, M.Math Educ.

UST Faculty of Pharmacy

Quadratic Equations in One Variable

Definition:
an

equation that can be written in

the form,

ax2 + bx + c = 0
where a, b, and c are integers
(a,b,c Z , a 0 ).

Quadratic Equations in One Variable

A quadratic equation is said to be in

standard form if it is written in
ax2 + bx + c = 0 form.
(all the nonzero terms on the left side and
0 on the right side of the equation)
is said to be in standard form,
where a = 5, b = 7 and c = 3.
is not yet in standard form.
However, equivalently
is in standard form, where
a = 1, b = 2 and c = 1.

Methods of Solving Quadratic

Equations in One Variable

There are various ways of

finding the solution set to
quadratic equations in one
variable, namely:

solution by extracting square roots.

solution by factoring.
solution by completing the square.
solution by quadratic formula.

SOLUTION BY
EXTRACTING THE
SQUARE ROOTS

Solution by Extracting the

Square Roots

Applicable if the standard form of the

given equation
ax2 + bx + c = 0
has b = 0.

That is, the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0

becomes ax2 + c = 0.
Thus, to solve such form of equations,
ax2 + c = 0
ax2 = c
x2 = c / a

Solution by Extracting the

Square Roots

Examples: Solve the following,

Solution by Extracting the

Square Roots

Examples: Solve the following,

To verify, lets check the answers (x = 4) by

substituting it to the given equation,
if x = 4

if x = - 4

2(4)2 32

2(- 4)2 - 32

2(16) 32

2(16) 32

32 32

32 32

0
0
Thus, the solution set of the given equation is

Solution by Extracting the

Square Roots

Examples: Solve the following,

Solution by Extracting the

Square Roots

Examples: Solve the following,

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SOLUTION BY
FACTORING

Solution by Factoring

Of course, this method is applicable if

the given is factorable.
If it is factorable, then apply the
properties of real numbers, which
states that

If r and s are real numbers,

then rs = 0 if and only if
r = 0 or s = 0.

Solution by Factoring

Examples: Solve the following,

Factor.
Equate both factors to zero.
Solve the equations separately.
Verify.

Express the answer(s) in

solution set.

Solution by Factoring

Examples: Solve the following,

Express in standard form first!

ax2 + bx + c = 0

Solution by Factoring

Examples: Solve the following,

Solution by Factoring

Examples: Solve the following,

Try your
best to
factor
left side.
I hope
you
gotthe
this
Group two terms
by two, like
answer,

(ax2 a2x) + (bx ab) = 0

Now do the rest.

SOLUTION BY
COMPLETING THE
SQUARE

Solution by
Completing the Square

applicable even if the given is NOT

factorable
To perform solution by completing the
square, express first the given quadratic
equation in standard form.
Transpose the constant c on the right side of
the equation.
Divide every term by the numerical
coefficient of x2, represented by a.

Complete the square on the

left side by adding a constant,
which is SQUARE OF HALF
THE COEFFICIENT OF x.
Same constant will be added
on the right side of the
equation.

Solution by
Completing the Square
Simplify.

Factor the left side of the equation as

the left side always become a perfect
square trinomial. Then combine the
fractions on the right-side by getting the
LCD.

To solve for x, get the square root

of the left and right side of the
equation.

Leave the variable x alone on

the left side of the equation by
transposing the other term on
the right.

Solution by
Completing the Square

known as the

quadratic formula.

I will not give you examples on solving quadratic

equations by completing the square since most students
find it tedious and tiresome. Rather, we are going to
make use of quadratic formula for finding solutions to
quadratic equations, factorable and NOT factorable.

SOLUTION BY
QUADRATIC
FORMULA

Solution by the
Quadratic Formula

as derived from solution by

completing the square, any equation
in the form

has

Solution by the
Quadratic Formula

Lets take the previous example,

This is the same example you have seen on slide 7
of this Powerpoint presentation, wherein our
answer was ssx: {4,4}
From the standard form of quadratic equation
ax2 + bx + c = 0, 2x2 32 = 0 has a = 2, b = 0
and c = - 32.

Thus, our solution set ssx: {4, -4}

Solution by the
Quadratic Formula

Lets take another previous example,

This is the same example you have seen on slide
14 of this Powerpoint presentation, wherein our
answer was
From the standard form of quadratic equation
ax2 + bx + c = 0, 6x2 11x 10 = 0 has
a = 6, b = 11 and c = - 10.

Solution by the
Quadratic Formula

Lets take another example,

Substitute the to the quadratic formula, a = 2, b = 4, & c = -3.

Thus, the solution set is

Solution by the
Quadratic Formula

Lets take another example,

Substitute the to the quadratic formula, a = 3, b = 4, & c = 8.

Thus, the solution set is

In general,

when using quadratic formula, the

discriminant gives you a clue of the
nature of the solutions.
The discriminant is the
value inside the square
root of the quadratic
formula.

If b2 4ac > 0, then the quadratic equation has 2 distinct real

roots (meaning, 2 real-number elements in the solution set).
If b2 4ac = 0, then the quadratic equation has 1 real root.
If b2 4ac < 0, then the quadratic equation has 2 distinct
non-real roots (meaning, 2 imaginary elements, or 2 complex
(not real) elements in the solution set).

Assignment

A 10-point online assignment is

provided for this topic to assess your
learning from this presentation.

Simply click the Quadratic Equations

of the Assignments panel.