Antropology of Law Assignment

Topic: WhetherHumanComesfromAdamand
EveorFromApeAccordingDarwinTheory
Lecturer : Prof. Jawahir Thontowi SH Ph.D

Presented by
Adlina Amalia
International Program Faculty of Law
Universitas Islam Indonesia
2015/2016

Introduction
HumandefinitionsaccordingProf.AbbasAlAqqadits;
ManisthemostperfectcreatureGodcreated,thisdefinitionistakenfromthewordQS
AtTin,whichmeans:"Ithasbeencreatedwiththebestman."Manisessentiallya
culturalbeingswhomustcultivatehimself.Cultureofhumanbeingsabletoescapefrom
thebondsofinstinctandimpulseabletomasterthenaturalsurroundingsbymeansof
theirknowledge.

IslamicPespective
3GenesisandtheOriginofManAccordingtoIslamits;
1.GenesisandHumanOriginsFirst
"AllahcreatedAdamfromahandfulofsoiltakenfromallpartsoftheearth,thenthe
childrenandgrandchildrenAdampunlikeit,somehavebothgoodandbad,thereisan
easy(soft)andcoarseandsoforth."
2.GenesisandHumanOriginsBoth
Allahcreatedeverythinginpairs.Aswellaswithhumans,AdamwascreatedbyAllah
wantedtobepairedwiththeoppositesexthatwascreatedfromAdam'srib,namelyEve.
3.GenesisandHumanOriginsThird
IntheQur'an,theoriginsofhumanbiologyaredescribedinSuratAltheFaithful:1214
thefollowing."AndindeedWecreatedmanfromaquintessence(derived)fromthe
ground.ThenWeplaceditsemen(stored)inasolid(womb).ThenthesemenWemadea
clotofblood,thenbloodclotthatourmakealumpofmeat,andapieceofmeatthatwe
madethebones,andthebonesofitWepackwithflesh.ThenWemadeitacreature
(formof)others.ThenMahaSucilahGod,theCreatoroftheMostGood.

ThethirdoftheoriginofthecreationofmanaccordingtoIslamabove,itcanbe
concludedthat,Islamviewsthehumanbeingsubstantiallydividedintotwoterms,iethe
materialsubstance(body)andimmaterialsubstance(soul).

Darwin's Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection

1. Moreindividualsareproducedeachgenerationthatcansurvive.
2. Phenotypicvariationexistsamongindividualsandthevariationisheritable.
3. Thoseindividualswithheritabletraitsbettersuitedtotheenvironmentwill
survive.
4. Whenreproductiveisolationoccursnewspecieswillform.
ThesearethebasictenetsofevolutionbynaturalselectionasdefinedbyDarwin.The
followingisaquotefromDarwin.
"Variationisafeatureofnaturalpopulationsandeverypopulationproducesmore
progenythanitsenvironmentcanmanage.Theconsequencesofthisoverproductionis
thatthoseindividualswiththebestgeneticfitnessfortheenvironmentwillproduce
offspringthatcanmoresuccessfullycompeteinthatenvironment.Thusthesubsequent
generationwillhaveahigherrepresentationoftheseoffspringandthepopulationwill
haveevolved."

Conclusion
AccordingtoIslam,thefirstmancreatedwasAdam.Adamwascreatedfromthe
ground.ThesecondmanisthecreationofEvewerethefirsthumanbeingsthantheraw
material.WhilethethirdmanwascreatedfromacombinationofmaterialsofAdamand
Eve.IntheQur'an,theincidenceofhumanbiologicalprocessesdescribedindetail
throughHisWord:"AndindeedWecreatedmanfromaquintessence(derived)fromthe

ground.ThenWeplaceditsemen(stored)inplacesolid(womb).ThenthesemenWe
madeaclotofblood,thenbloodclotWemadealumpofmeat,andapieceofmeatthat
wemadethebones,andthebonesofitWepackwithflesh.ThenWemadeitacreature
(shaped)else.ThenMahaSucilahGod,theCreatoroftheMostGood."(QS.Althe
Faithful(23):1214).
WhileintheorythefirstknownsciencethatcanberecognizedfromAristotle
(384322M)isreferredtoasthetheoryofspontaneousAbiogenesisorGenerasio.
Accordingtothistheory,allthatlifeemergedcontinuouslyfromthedeadormaterial.
ThereisalsobasedonDarwin'stheorythatnaturalselectioncanproducelargechangesin
theorganismafteralongtimeevenataparticularmomentcanproducenewspecies.He
alsosaidthatallorganismsincludeallplantsandanimalsthatexistandneverexisted
grownfromafeworevenoneoftheverysimpleformthroughaprocessofdescentwith
modificationthroughnaturalselection.However,alongwiththedevelopmentofmodern
science,Darwin'stheoryisgraduallybeingunderminedbythemodernscientistswho
causedthefailureofDarwininexplainingthemechanismofgenetransdormasifromape
tohumanDNA.Itisveryfussyandironicforscientistsandweareatthemomentwho
haslongstudiedexplorethescienceandtheconceptofhistheory.

ThiscanbeseenthroughthediagrammadebyWashburn(1960).Theissueifthe
rightmancamefromapeswhyhumansdonotturnintoapesandviceversa.Therefore,
humansandapesaredifferentandthistheoryisirrelevant.