1- C, Page 207

2- A, Page 287
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4- A and C, Page 285,283
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6- A, Page 283
7- D, Page 275
8- C, Page 258
9- D, Page 279
10-A and D, Page 267
11-B, Page 228
12-C, Page 220
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Operating system:
The operating system is the most important program that runs on acomputer. Every general-purpose computer must
have an operating system to run other programs and applications. Operating systems perform basic tasks, such as
recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files anddirectories on
the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such asdisk drives and printers.
Source: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/operating_system.html

Microsoft Windows:
Microsoft Windows is a series of graphical interface operating systems developed, marketed,
and sold by Microsoft. Microsoftintroduced an operating environment namedWindows on
November 20, 1985 as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the
growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs).
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows
Linux:
Linux is, in simplest terms, an operating system. It is the software on a computer that enables
applications and the computer operator to access the devices on the computer to perform
desired functions. The operating system (OS) relays instructions from an application to, for
instance, the computer's processor. The processor performs the instructed task, then sends the
results back to the application via the operating system.
Source: http://www.linuxfoundation.org/what-is-linux

HCL:
A hardware compatibility list (HCL) is a list of computer hardware (typically including many
types of peripheral devices) that is compatible with a particular operating system or device
management software. In today's world, there is a vast amount of computer hardware in
circulation, and many operating systems too.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_compatibility_list

NOS:
Short for network operating system, NOS is the software that allows multiple computers to
communicate, share files and hardware devices with one another. Some examples of network
operating systems include Novell NetWare, Microsoft Windows NT, Microsoft Windows 2000,
Microsoft Windows XP, Sun Solaris, Linux, etc.
Source: http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/n/nos.htm

API:
In computer programming, an application programming interface(API) is a set of routines,
protocols, and tools for building software applications. An API expresses a software component
in terms of its operations, inputs, outputs, and underlying types.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface
Windows API:
The name Windows API collectively refers to a number of different platform implementations
that are often referred to by their own names (for example, Win32 API); see the versions
section.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_API

CLI:
A CLI (command line interface) is a user interface to a computer'soperating system or an
application in which the user responds to a visual prompt by typing in a command on a specified
line, receives a response back from the system, and then enters another command, and so
forth.
Source: http://searchwindowsserver.techtarget.com/definition/command-line-interface-CLI
GUI:
In computer science, a graphical user interface orGUI, pronounced /ui/ ("gooey") is a type
of interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and
visual indicators such as secondary notation, as opposed to text-based interfaces, typed
command labels or text navigation.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface

Device drivers:

A device driver is a program that controls a particular type of devicethat is attached to

your computer. There are device drivers for printers, displays, CD-ROM readers, diskette
drives, and so on. When you buy an operating system, many device drivers are built into the
product.
Source: http://searchenterprisedesktop.techtarget.com/definition/device-driver

Utilities:

In computers, a utility is a small program that provides an addition to the capabilities provided by
the operating system. In some usages, a utility is a special and nonessential part of
the operating system. The print "utility" that comes with the operating system is an
example.

Computer utility software list

Software support
After Dark
Defrag
DirectX
Disk cleanup
DR. Watson
Drive image
First aid
McAfee virus scan
Microsoft Backup
Microsoft Paint
Microsoft Plus!
Norton antivirus
Norton Ghost
One step backup
PKUNZIP
PKZIP
Scandisk
System Information
Telnet

Type
Utility
Utility
Utility
Utility
Utility
Utility
Utility
Utility
Utility
Utility
Utility
Utility
Utility
Utility
Utility
Utility
Utility
Utility
Utility

Contact
Sierra
Microsoft
Microsoft
Microsoft
Microsoft
Power Quest
McAfee
McAfee
Microsoft
Microsoft
Microsoft
Symantec
Symantec
Iomega
PKWARE
PKWARE
Microsoft
Microsoft
Various

Source: http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/utility

DXDIAG:
Short for DirectX diagnostics, DxDiag is a Microsoft tool included with DirectX that allow you to
view system information and DirectX information relating to your video card and sound card.
This tool is helpful when needing to troubleshoot driver related issues being encountered by
DirectX. Below, is a picture of the DirectX Diagnostic Tool window As seen in the picture,
DxDiag has system, display, sound, and input information tabs. These tabs allow you to save all
DirectX information to a text file by clicking the Save All Information button at the bottom of the
window.

Source: http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/d/dxdiag.htm

Partitioning:
In personal computers, a partition is a logical division of a hard disk created so that you can
have different operating systems on the same hard disk or to create the appearance of having
separate hard drives for file management, multiple users, or other purposes.
Source: http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/definition/partition