CELL TYPES

Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
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Functions
o Cytoskeleton
Strength and support, structures and materials
Structural proteins for shape and strength
Microfilaments
o Made from protein actin
Intermediate filaments
o Collagen
o Stabilizes the shape
Microtubules
o Tubes of tubulin protein
o Attach to centrosome
o Change cell shape
o Plasma Membrane
Isolation, protection, control of material in and out
o Cilica
Movement of material over cell surface
o Proteasomes
Breakdown and recycling of damaged or abnormal
intracellular proteins
o Ribosomes
Protein Synthesis (poly peptides)
o Golgi Apparatus
Storage, alteration and packaging of secretory products
Renews or modifies the plasma membrane
Packages special enzymes within vesicles for use in the
cytoplasm
o Mitochondria
Produces 95% of ATP (adrenaline Triphosphate) required by
cell
Takes chemical energy from glucose
Has own DNA and self-dependant, can reproduce
o Endoplasmic Reticulum ER
Synthesis of secretory products, intracellular storage and
transport
Detoxification of drugs and toxins
Transport of materials
Storage of molecules
o Peroxisomes
Catabolism of
o Lysosomes
Vesicles of powerful enzymes to breakdown unwanted
molecules, bacteria, organelles
Autolysis (killing the cell)
o Nucleus
Chromatin

Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus (site of RNA)
Nuclear pore
Nucleoplasm
Nucleotides
Enzymes
Nucleoproteins
Chromatin
DNA
Nucleoplasm
Nuclear matrix
Nucleoli
Nucleosomes
Chromosomes
Extracellular Fluid
Watery medium that surround a cell
Cytoplasm
Liquid gel
Plasma Membrane
Regulation of exchange input and output (wastes, Products)
Sensitivity to environment
Structural support
Chemical signals
Membrane Lipids
Phospholipid bilayer, general protection for the cell
Membrane proteins
Integral and peripheral poteins
ANchroing proteins (stablizers)
Recognition proteins
Membrane Carbohydrates
Proteoglycans
Glycoproteins, Glycolipids
Glycocalyx

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INTRO TO CELLS
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Sex cells
o Reproductive cell
o Male sperm
o Female oocyte
Somatic Cells
o Smo+body
o All cells except sex cels

Organelles
o Nonmembranous organelles
Direct contact with cytosol
o Membranous organelles

Isolated from cytosol

Glucose
o Controlled processing ot glucose
o Reaction with oxygen to produce CO2 and H2O
o Produces
ADP
ATP
Phosphorylation
Adenosine triphosphate
o ATP Structure
PHosephate groups ie 3
Connected to ribose and adenine in a linear format
o Obtaining Energy
Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle (Krebs Cycle and the tricarboxylic acid cycle
or TCA cycle)
Electron transport chain
Aerobic metabolism (slow breakdown of glucose, produces
more ATP)