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Chapter 9 : Endanger Ecosystem 2014
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Based on your knowledge in biology, explain the harmful effect of the activities to the mankind
and their surroundings. Suggest ways to overcome this problem
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(b)
The world population is now growing drastically in order to fulfil the needs of the increasing
population, area of lands have to be developed into housing areas, school, factories and
highways
Give an evaluation on the above statement by considering g the impacts on the environment
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Diagram show the human activities that may threaten the ecosystem
Exhaust fume released by the vehicle contain carbon dioxide/ carbon monoxide/ sulphur
dioxide
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Water pollution
P13 Disposal of waste matter from industrial // domestic source into the water
P14 Causes eutrophication // increase BOD level
P15 Aquatic organism die
F3
Land pollution
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(f)
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P1-Deforestation is the main cause for increasing the CO2 amount in the air
P2-this lead to greenhouse effect phenomenon
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Chapter 9 : Endanger Ecosystem 2014
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(a)
-Forest play an important role as carbon sink of earth which absorb vast amount of carbon
dioxide for photosynthesis
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-As the temperature of world is increasing ,severe climatic change/drought occur in a certain
country/melting of ice at arctic /Antarctic
-Forest also act as water catchment area where rain water is absorbed and released back as
water vapour to the atmosphere
-Deforestation will cause soil erosion, because there are no more root to hold the soil
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-Deforestation damages the water catchment area and leads to flash flood
-Deforestation also cause loss of biodiversity by
-destruction of natural habitat
-That leads to extinction of many animal and species
-there also destruction of recreational sites any
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Chapter 9 : Endanger Ecosystem 2014
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Diagram show a man walking past the dry lake bed of tasik Pedu in Kedah
Name the environmental problem shown in the diagram and how it occurs
Explain ways overcome the environmental problem that you have stated 10
Drought /global warming
Criteria:
C1-increase in the carbon dioxide in atmosphere
C2-Factor which contribute to increase of carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere
C3-Increase in global temperature
C4-Factors which contribute to the increase in global temperature
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E3-Limit deforestation
E4-Replacing after deforestation
E5-Promotes green world
Skill to synthesize
Q1-Ability to relate carbon dioxide content with the increase in atmospheric tempearture and
means to decrease the carbon dioxide content and temperature in the atmosphere
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W\Explain C1,C3,C5,C6
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(d)
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Chapter 9 : Endanger Ecosystem 2014
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Discuss the good and bad economical and environmental effect of this development
Good effect
G1-Generate hydropower electricity
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Chapter 9 : Endanger Ecosystem 2014
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(E+any 9I)
Acid rain
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(a)
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Based on the diagram name the phenomenon and explain how it occurs 4
F -acid rain
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(b)
Describe the effect of the phenomenon on agriculture and aquatic ecosystem and suggest ways
to prevent this phenomenon
effect: acid rain :
On agriculture
E1-Acid rain will increase the acidity of the earth//soil become acidic leaching of minerals
E2-Not suitable for cultivation /grow of crops
E3-cause some minerals to become insoluble and cannot be absorbed by the plants
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Any 2E
On aquatic ecosystem
E1-Accumulation of insoluble aluminum ion /ions in water sources //will increase the acidity of
water //reduce the water pH
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Chapter 9 : Endanger Ecosystem 2014
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(c)
A group of farmers planned to develop an agriculture nearby the lake. Besides to obtaining a
high agriculture yield, they suggested that the area be made into a eco-tourism area. The
following are a part of the details of their planning
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Chapter 9 : Endanger Ecosystem 2014
Health :
E3-Acidicsoil release ions of certain heavy metals/ contaminate the supplynof drinking water
//irritate the lungs make breathing difficult/asthma/bronchitis
E4-Corrode metal railing bridges/damage buildings/statues/ automobiles/structures made of
stone /metal historical building
The ways to overcome /solution
S1-Use scrubbers ( to clean up emission from power station and industrial plants)
S2-use catalytic converters ( to clean up emission form vehicle exhausts)
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(a)
z
Based on the diagram explain the phenomenon and its effect and its effect to the environment
Facts (F) : Name of phenomenon
Explanation (E): Formation of phenomenon
Effects (Ef)
F-( the phenomenon ) is acid rain
E1-Factories /motor vechicles released large amount of oxides of nitrogen to the atmosphere
E2-and sulphur dioxide
E3-Oxides of nitrogen combines woth wter vopuor (in the atmosphere) to form sulphuric acid
E5-The rian falls as acid rain
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Effect:
Ef1-May corrode buildings
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Chapter 9 : Endanger Ecosystem 2014
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Based on Diagram 9.2, discuss the good and bad effects of the human activity.
Able to discuss the good and bad effects of the human activity.
Sample answer:
Good effect:
G1-Produce goods / materials // any examples
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Chapter 9 : Endanger Ecosystem 2014
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Based on diagram explain the phenomenon and its effect to the environment
P1-Factories released large amount of oxides of nitrogen and sulphiur dioxide to the
atmosphere
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P3-Sulphur dioxide combine with water vapour ( in the atmoopsheree ) to form sulphuric acid
P4-The rain falls as acid rain
P5-May corrode building
P6-aquatic lives may die due to the acidic water /low pH
P7-Minerals in soil will be washed into the rivers
P8-Soil becomes infertile/not suitable for agriculture
P9-Plants may die due to infertile soil /acidic soil
(d)
Based on the Diagram 9, explain the phenomenon and its effect to the environment.
Factor + Explanation:
F (Name the effect) (The phenomenon) is acid rain
E1 Factors / motor vehicles / factory released large amount of nitrogen oxyde
E2 - and sulfur dioxyde
E3 oxyde of nitrogen combine with water vapour (in atmosphere) to form nitric acid.
E4 sulphur dioxyde combined with water vapour (in atmosphere) to form sulphuric acid.
E5 the rain fall as the acid rain.
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Effect:
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Explain the causes of the phenomena shown in diagram and the effects on the environmental
and organisms
Suggest ways to minimize the effect of this phenomenon 10
C1-The cause of acid rain
C2-The effect of acid rain to the environment
C3-Sugesstion on how to overcome the problem
Cause of acid rain:
F1-The combustion of fossil fuel from power stations factories / domestic boilers/vehicles
release large quantities of sulphur dioxide / SO2 and oxide of nitrogen /NO and NO2
F2-Both sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen combine with water vapour in the
atmosphere to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid respectively
F3-They will fall back to the earth as acid rain
F4-Rain is naturally acidic with pH about 5.6 due to the presence of dissolved carbonic acid
F5-The pH of rain is however are less than 5.0 MAX 4 marks
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F1-The soil becomes very acidic and unsuitable for the cultivation of crops
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Chapter 9 : Endanger Ecosystem 2014
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F2-Acid rain cause the leaching of mineral such as potassium / calcium /magnesium which
affect the growth of crops
Aquatic ecosystem:
F3-Acid rain cause insoluble aluminum ions to accumulate in the lakes and river. An
increase in the accumulation of these ion can kill aquatic organism (such as fish/ and
invertebrates)
Health:
F3-Acid rain releases the ions of certain heavy metals such as cadmium/ lead/ mercury which
may contaminate / harm the supply of drinking water
F5-Increased acidity in the aquatic ecosystem also kills phytoplankton (which changes the
food chain)
F6- Photosynthetic tissue is destroyed. Plant leaves turn yellow and fall off. The root are
damaged and cannot absorb minerals
Building
F7-Metal railing and bridge corrode
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Chapter 9 : Endanger Ecosystem 2014
Water pollution
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(a)
Diagram shows huamn activities which are carried out near a river
Explain one type of pollution that occurs at site Q
F1-water pollution
E1-Effluent /phosphate /any suitable pollutant are released from the factory release into
the river
F2-Thermal pollution
E2-Hot water form teh factory is released into the river which reduce dissolves oxygen
in the river
(b)
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The farmer at site P spray a large amount of pesticide in their agriculture activity
Diagram show a food chain at site R
Explain why the tissue in the food contain a higher level of pesticide molecule compared to the
algae
P1-Algae absorbs the contaminated water /chemicals
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Chapter 9 : Endanger Ecosystem 2014
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Eutrophication
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(a)
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Diagram show the changes that occurs in a lake due to the human activities
Based in the diagram ,explain how the activities cause the changes in a lake
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P10-The large population of bacteria repires, using up oxygen , si there is very little oxygen left
for other living organism
P11-BOD increase
P12-Those fosh /aquatic animal which need oxygen move to other areas or die any 10 P
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Chapter 9 : Endanger Ecosystem 2014
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(b)
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Explain how this affect the pond ecosystem and the balanced of nature
sewage released gradually
E1-Sewage has nitrate and phosphate salts which encourages algae growth
E2-Algae is the main produce of food for aquatic organism will increase Sewage content
increase
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E3-Aquatic animal will get enough food encouraging their growth and reproduction
E4-The size and numbers o aquatic organism will thus increase
Sewage content increase
E5-Sewage increase will cause algae to grow and reproduce rapidly
E6-Algae will cover the pond surface this prevent sunlight from reaching aquatic plants at the
bottom of pond
E7-The submerged aquatic pl ants will die as they cannot photosynthesis
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Chapter 9 : Endanger Ecosystem 2014
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Based on diagram, describe the effect of this activity to the pond, Explain the effect of this
condition on the aquatic organism in pond 10
Condition of the pond is the result of eutrophication
P1-Caused by nitrate form the factories leach into the pond P2-(caused by ) leaching of
nitrate/phosphate form palm oil estate
P3-Excess nutrient encourages the rapid growth of algae/algae bloom
P4-Algae grow water than their consumes , so many die 9 without being consumed form
organic matter)
P5-Algae covered the surface of pond
P6-restrict the penetration of light into water cause the rate of photosynthesis in aquatic plants
reduced /aquatic plant die
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P9-( the low level of oxygen dissolve) kills aquatic organism like fresh water shrimps/mayfly
nymphs
P1o-If grow and release toxic gases / hydrogen sulphide/kill fish/tubifex worms /sludge worm
appear
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Chapter 9 : Endanger Ecosystem 2014
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(e)
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Type of plants
Location
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Type of fertilizers used: Compost, lead nitrate salt, potassium nitrate, magnesium ,nitrate
and phosphate
Based on the detail above, explain the effect on the lake if their planning is not
managed properly.
F1 - the leaching of chemical fertilizer/phosphate/nitrate from agriculture area to the lake
E1 - Increase the fertility of the lake
E2 - Encourages eutrophication (encourage algal growth)
F2 - The growth alga prevent the light from reaching the base of the lake
E3 This reduces and prevents photosynthesis by aquatic plant.
E4 Reduce the oxygen release
E5 Aquatic plants and animals die due to lack oxygen.
F3 decomposition of dead plants, animals and organic matter by saprophytic bacteria accurse
E6 This will decrease the dissolved oxygen content
F5 BOD increase the water polluted
E7 This cause the aquatic animals die.
(d)
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Diagram 8.2 shows a section of a river that flows through rural and urban areas
People live in residential area complained that the river water has turned green and many
Fishes die.
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(a)
E1-Thermal pollution occurs when there is an increase in the temperature of water source or
excessive heat in the environment
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(c)
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No
(a)
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Name this phenomenon and explain the effect of the phenomenon on the environment if the
concentration levels of carbon dioxide, CO2 are increasing
P1-This is called the greenhouse effect
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Chapter 9 : Endanger Ecosystem 2014
With reference to figure 7, describe the steps involved in the formation of the greenhouse
effect5 by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane
(c)
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In many parts of the world, forests are being cut down and burned.
Explain why this may be contributing to the greenhouse effect.
No
(d)
in slash-and-burn agriculture, the burning trees increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in
the atmosphere
- trees photosynthesis using carbon dioxide thus deforestation leads to less carbon dioxide
being removed from atmosphere
- As trees die and tree stumps left to rot, microbial activity during decomposition also releases
carbon dioxide
- Carbon dioxide is greenhouse gas. It absorbs energy radiated by earth, some of these energy
reradiated back thus increasing the surface temperature
Marking scheme
Describe the other causes besides deforestation and the overall effects of the enhanced
greenhouse effect.10
Marks
the greenhouse effect is further worsened by the combustion of fossil fuel in motor
vehicles in power stations to generate electricity and in industries
these activities produce large quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
the setting up of large cattle ranches to cater for the growing human population leads to
massive emissions of methane gas from the belching of these animals and the
decomposition of their wastes.
As the world population strives for higher standards of living, there is an increased use
of CFCs in products like air-conditioning and during the production of packaging
materials
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Chapter 9 : Endanger Ecosystem 2014
The rapid decomposition of humus, combustion of fossil fuels use of nitrogen or nitrate
fertilizer contributes to the production of nitrogen oxides which is another greenhouse
gas
The increase in the concentration of these greenhouse gases would then lead to
increasing surface temperatures on earth as they trap and reflect heat back to the earth
This may lead to an increase in photosynthesis which is about the only positive effect
of an enhanced greenhouse effect
More alarmingly however the greenhouse effect may change the local and global
climate causing a shift in vegetation and vectors
This may also lead to extinction of certain species of organisms which are unable to
adapt to the changing environment
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(e)
Glaciers may start to melt thus increasing the sea levels. This leads to flooding in low
lying areas around the globe
As an environmental activist, explain the green house effect and discuss some human activities
that can lead to the greenhouse effect. Give suggestion to the public on measure to be taken to
reduce the greenhouse effect 10
Phenomenon of green house effect:
F1-the greenhouse effect is an effect in the at atmosphere as a result of presence of certain
gases known as green house gases
E2-Carbon dioxide, Chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) methane, nitrous oxide and low level ozone
and water vapour make up the green house gases
E3-As the earth is warmed, heat in the form of infrared radiation is radiated back into the
space. However. Much of this heat does not escape, instead remains trapped by the green
house gases
E4-At the same time, greenhouse also radiated heat ( in form of infrared radiation ) back to
the earth
E5-This similar to the glass planes of a green house which traps heat and warm the green
house, hence the term greenhouse effect
MAX 4marks
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F2-logging /deforestation causes abundance amount of co2 in the atmosphere is not for
photosynthesis
F3-As the concentration of green house gases rises the green house effect become more
pronounced
F4-Biuliding with planes reflects more heat, thus worsen the green house effects
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F5-As more heat is trapped, the earths average temperature rises leading to global warming
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E5-Polocies that control the emission of green house gases form industrial site must be
reinforced and strictly implemented
Max 2 marks
(g)
Explain how the phenomenon happens and its effect on the environment
C: causes of the phenomenon
E: Effect of the phenomenon
F1-this s phenomenon is called green house effect
C1-combustion of fossil fuel from vehicles/factories/forest burning/coal fire power station
C2-excessive deforestation
C3-Increase carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere caused by industries
(h)
C4-Pollutant/CFC/methane
E1-Carbon dioxide traps heat /infra red light /long wave radiation
E2-Increase in global/ world atmospheric temperature/ cause a rise in earth temperature/global
warming
E3-melting of polar ice/rise in the sea levels
Suggests measure needed to be taken to overcome the phenomenon
P1-use alternative source of energy to reduce the usage of fossil fuel energy generated from
wind /water solar
P2-Restrict open burning/forest burning /use incinerator
P3-Reduce deforestation for farming/other development projects
P4-Selective harvesting /logging/cut matured tree only
P4-Replanting more trees which have been cut down
P6-The use of technology/unleaded petrol/catalytic converter
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(b)
Diagram 8.2 shows another environmental phenomenon which has become a current topic
discussion
Name this phenomenon and discuss the effect of the phenomenon on human and ecosystem
The phenomenon is known as thinning/depletion of the ozone layer
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F with any 5P
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Explain the concept sustained development and need for it to protect our environment
F-(sustainable development refers to the measure undertaken to ensure that human activity
optimally utilize Earth natural resources such that they can be replenish naturally//suitable
explanation
P1-Sustainable development is necessary as the rate at which man is using the finite natural
resources will compromise future generations demands //suitable explanation
Necessary to exploit natural resources and at at the same time measure taken so that these
resource can be replenish and be available for the future generation
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(a)
Explain the important of preservation and conservation of tropical rainforest in Malaysia for the
purpose of sustainable management of ecosystem
1. Sustainable management of tropical rainforest
2. Explain the importance o conservation and preservation
1
E1-To keep the ecosystem in their natural state (which provides aesthetic value for
1
humans)//preserve natural resource for outdoor/recreational; activities//eco-tourism //reduce
stress//promotes healthy life style
E2-To maintain soil fertility
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E4-To avoid species extinction //to prevent extinction of flora and fauna/organism /species
1
E5-As an economic resource//source of raw material for construction industry/piling. 1
Furniture/boats/houses /production of charcoal/tannin /food / other suitable example //provide
foods to human // resources for study /education /research
E3-T prevent food / soil erosion/landslide/(muddy) float/(flash) flood
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E7-Ti sustain n food web /food chain in the ecosystem
E8-To prevent disruption of natural cycle of water /carbon balance oxygen between CO2 in the 1
atmosphere.//provide O 2 reduce CO2
E9-to decrease the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere// to reduce the green house effect 1
global warming
E10-to maintain the biodiversity of the forest // maintaining /increasing biodiversity 1
/complexity/veriety of organism /species /flora and fauna
E11-To avoid lost of wildlife/ potential resources E12-To avoid loss of water areas //provide 1
natural water catchment area
E13-Maintaining (normal) weather (pattern) by minimize climatic changes drought / harsh
climate / maintain temperature
E14-As a site for breeding feeding of flora and fauna serving as valuable nursery area for
organism
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(b)
Based on th above information ,Explain how recycle practice able to preserve the balance of
environment 10
The tree
F1-Less tree will be chopped/felled
P1-More CO2 absorbed by the trees for photosynthesis
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Explain why the ecosystem in diagram 8.2 has to be preserved and conserved 10
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Discuss the good and the bad social, economic and environmental effects of this development.
Good Effect (G)
Explanation (P)
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Explanation (P)
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Chapter 9 : Endanger Ecosystem 2014
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Motor vehicles
A - can caused air pollution because the smoke contain Plumbum, carbon monoxide, carbon d
ioxide,
E carbon monoxide can caused death if inhaled in large amount, because it reduced the
ability of oxygen transportation by red blood cells
- Carbon dioxide and heat from the smoke,it will increase the world temperature so it can cause
global warming
P - So using of motor vehicle can be reduce by using car pool, use the public transportation and
filter the smoke released
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Open burning
A - can cause hazard
E - it will decrease the distance of vision can increases the health problem related w ith lung
and respiratory tract
P - So it can be reduce by avoid the open burning or burn the garbage in the specific place( in
close area)/incinerator
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