Pre-Chiropractic Requirements

Paper Title: Human Anatomy & Physiology

Learning Outcomes Required:
1. Demonstrate knowledge of the body regions, cavities, anatomical planes,

directional terminology and anatomical references of the human body including

the use of appropriate anatomical terminology.
2. Understand the anatomy and physiology of the integumentary system including its
protective functions and maintaining homeostasis.
3. Describe the anatomy and physiology of the nerve, muscle, fascia, bone and
identify the main bones of the appendicular and axial skeleton and their parts.
4. Know the histology of different tissues and organs including bone, muscle, nerve
and the different epithelial tissues.
5. Have a firm understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory,
cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, reproductive (including menstrual cycle),
endocrine and lympho-immune systems.
6. Demonstrate a basic knowledge of the structure, function and various categories
of joints, their classification and examples of these classifications.
7. Demonstrate and understanding of basic embryology.

Paper Title: Biochemistry

Learning Outcomes Required:
1. Energy currency in cells and high energy bonds; citric acid cycle, electron transport.
Oxidative phosphorylation; carbohydrate metabolism; amino acid metabolism, urea
cycle, fatty acid synthesis and catabolism; cholesterol synthesis, lipoproteins, signal
transduction; control of metabolic pathways, utilization of biological fuels; enzyme
determinations.
2. Identify the primary functional components and chemical characteristics of cell
membranes and their roles in Signal Transduction. Correlate the physical; properties of
cell membranes and membrane proteins with their role in cell function

Paper Title: Biophysics

Learning Outcomes Required:
1. Units and measurements, errors. Kinematics, motion in 1D.
2. Velocity, speed, acceleration, Newtons laws, force, mass, friction, gravitation.
Work energy and power.
3. Momentum, conservation laws, simple harmonic oscillator, scalars and vectors,
levers, generalization of kinematics to three dimensions.
4. Understand the effects of force and torque on the motion of physical bodies and
the various forms of energy such bodies may possess.
5. Electricity and electromagnetism; production of radiation; characteristics of
radiation; interaction of radiation with matter.
6. Examine and understand atomic particles, their nature, structure and
characteristics
7. Discuss the geometry of image formation, magnification and distortion.
Paper Title: Chemistry
Learning Outcomes Required:
1. Atoms, atomic properties, ionic bonding, acid-base theory, definitions of pH,
calculations of pH, ionization constants, chemical reactions; energy, heat of reactions,
stoichiometry, molecular structures, covalent bonding, shape and polarity of molecules,
description and comparative strengths of intermolecular forces.
2. Colligative properties, structure and isomerism in carbon compounds, functional
groups, introduction to alkanes, aldehydes, alcohols, organic acids and esters.
3. Reaction rates, reaction orders, effect of temperature and concentration on reaction
rates, activation energy, effect of catalysts, thermodynamics and the directionality of
reactions.

Paper Title: Microbiology

Learning Outcomes Required:
1. To understand the major physiological of microorganisms that ate critical for
structure, metabolism, and utilization of ecological niches.
2. To understand the biomechanical basis of important physiological characteristics
of microorganisms, including: pathogenicity, motility, and unique forms of energy
production.
3. Introduction to biological macromolecules, structure of viruses, bacteria, fungi
and protozoa, microbial metabolism and bioenergetics, bacterial genetics,
antimicrobial agents. Consequences of microbial metabolism in foods.
4. Describe the microanatomy of a cell; identify and describe the function of each
major cytoplasmic organelle.
5. Homeostatic, the cellular environment, functions of the cell membrane,
cytoskeleton and cell movement, cell signaling, specialised cells
6. Chromosomes, the cell cycle and mitosis