9/28/2015

WeldStrength

ABeginner'sGuidetotheSteelConstructionManual,13thed.(old)

Chapter5WeldedConnections
2006,2007,2008,2009T.BartlettQuimby

Introductionto
Welding

Section5.5

FindingForces
inWelded
Connections

StrengthLimitState
LastRevised:11/04/2014

EffectiveAreas
andSize
Limitationsof
Welds

Theonlystrengthbasedlimitstatesassociatewithaproperlydesigned
(i.e.meetsalltheapplicablelimitations)weldsarethestrengthofthe
weldandthestrengthofthebasemetalthattheweldisattachedto.
ThecomputationoftheselimitstatesispresentedinsectionJ2.4ofthe
SCMspecification.

EffectiveAreas
ofBaseMetal

TheLimitState:

StrengthLimit
State
DesigningWelds
Chapter
Summary
Example
Problems
Homework
Problems
References
ReportErrorsor
Make
Suggestions
PurchaseHard
Copy
MakeDonation

Aswithallstrengthbasedlimitstatesinthespecification,thelimitsare
expressedas:
LRFD

ASD

Pu<Rn

Pa<Rn/

Req'dRn=Pu/<Rn

Req'dRn=Pa<Rn

Pu/(Rn)<1.00

Pa/(Rn/)<1.00

varies.SeeSCMTableJ2.5

varies.SeeSCMTableJ2.5

ThevaluesofPuandPaaretheLRFDandASDfactoredloads,
respectively,appliedtothebolt.Theseforcesarecomputedusingthe
mechanicsprinciplesdiscussedinSection4.3.
InthiscaseRnisthenominalshearstrengthoftheweldorbasemetal.
Forthelimitstaterelatedtobasemetalstrengththenominalstrength
is:
Rn=FBMABM
Forthelimitstaterelatedtoweldmetalstrengththenominalstrength
is:
Rn=FwAw
ThecontrollingRnistheonethathastheleaststrength.Thisleadsto
theexpression:

http://www.bgstructuralengineering.com/BGSCM13/BGSCM005/BGSCM00505.htm

1/6

9/28/2015

WeldStrength

Rn=min[FBM1ABM1,FBM2ABM2,FwAw]
ThedefinitionsofthevariablesarefoundinJ2.4.Thetwobasemetal
termsareplacetheresinceitislikelythatthetwopiecesbeing
connectedwillhavedifferentcapacities.Thedeterminationofthe
effectiveareasfortheweldmetalwaspresentedinSection5.2ofthese
notes.Thedeterminationoftheeffectiveareasforthebasemetalwere
presentedinSection5.3ofthistext.
SinceAwandABMalwayshavethesamelengths,itiscommonwhen
computingthecapacityoftheconnection,toconsideronlyaunitlength
ofweldtodeterminethecontrollingcapacityoftheweldedconnection.
Forexample,wemightconsideronlyoneinchofweldanddeterminethe
capacityoftheweldandofthebasemetal,takingthelesserofthetwo,
andcontinuingontocomputethecapacityoftheconnection.
ThevaluesforFBM,Fw,,andareobtainedfromSCMTableJ2.5.
TableJ2.5isdividedintosectionsrelatingtothedifferenttypesof
welds.
ForCJPwelds,thelimitstateofweldstrengthwillnevercontrolsince
boththeweldandthebasemetalhavethesameeffectiveareaandthe
fillermaterialisconstrainedtobestrongerthanthebasemetal.
Consequently,onlythecapacityofthebasemetalisofconcern.
ForPJPwelds,theeffectiveareasfortheweldandbasemetalsdiffer,
withtheweldeffectiveareabeinglessthanthebasemetal.Ifthe
weld'seffectivethroatissmallenough,thentheweldstrengthwill
controloverthebasemetalstrength.
Forfillet,plug,andslotweldstheforcesareallconsideredtobe
shearingregardlessofforcedirectionrelativetotheweld.Thesame
assumptioncanbemadeabouttheforcesinthebasemetal.Thisleads
tothefollowingvalues:
Fw=0.60FEXXandFBM=0.60Fu
WhereFEXXistheultimatestrengthoftheweldingelectrodeandFuis
theultimatestrengthofthebasemetal.
TheEffectofAngleofLoadtoAxisofaFilletWeld
Ascanbeseenbytheuseofthe0.60coefficientonFEXX,the
assumptionisthattheweldresiststheforcesusingitsshearstrength.
However,iftheloaddirectionisnotparalleltotheaxisoftheweldthen
thereisacomponentoftheforcethatcausestensionontheeffective
areaasshowninFigure5.5.1.Sincethematerialisstrongerintension,
theuseofonlytheshearstrengthisconservative.Thisisnormallywhat
isdone,howeverthespecificationmakesprovisionfortheangleofthe
forcetotheweldwhentheforceisconcentrictoweldgroupandisin
thesameplaneastheweldgroup.
http://www.bgstructuralengineering.com/BGSCM13/BGSCM005/BGSCM00505.htm

2/6

9/28/2015

WeldStrength

Figure5.5.1
ComponentsofForce
Clickonimageforlargerview

Theformulafortheincreasedweldmetalmaterialstrengthisfoundin
SCMJ2.4(a).ExtractingtheFEXXterm,theremainingfunctionisthe
coefficienttoFEXX.Avalueof0.6representspureshearandavalueof
1.0representspuretension.Sinceafilletweld'seffectiveareaisnot
coplanarwiththeweldgroup,youneverhavethecaseofpuretension
intheweldandconsequentlythecoefficientonFEXXwillnotreach1.0.
Figure5.5.2showsthevariationofthecoefficientwithanglebetween
weldaxisandforcedirection.
Figure5.5.2
FEXXCoefficientwithrespecttoAngleofLoadtoWeldAxis

http://www.bgstructuralengineering.com/BGSCM13/BGSCM005/BGSCM00505.htm

3/6

9/28/2015

WeldStrength

Thismodifiedweldmetalstrengthcanbeappliedtoanyqualified
segmentoftheweld.Thecriteriabeing:
1. Theappliedforceisconcentricwiththeweldgroup.
2. Theappliedforceisintheplaneofthefayingsurface(i.e.the
appliedforceisintheplaneoftheweldgroup.
3. Theweldisafilletweld.
4. Theweldgroupisa"linearweldgroup"asdefinedintheusernote
inSCMJ2.4(a).
Theconditionwheretheloadiseccentricandoutofplaneoftheload
groupistreatedinspecificationsectionJ2.4(b).Wewillcoverthisin
Section5.6ofthesenotes.
SectionJ2.4(c)ofthespecificationexpandsonJ2.4(a)andallowsyouto
sumthecapacitiesofthevariousweldlengthsegmentsusingSCM
equationJ29a(notusingtheSCMequationJ25modifier)tofindthe
capacityoftheweldgroup.AlternatelySCMequationJ29bisprovided
toapproximatethesameeffectwithoutcomputingthemodified
coefficient.
LargestEffectiveFilletWeldSize
Aspreviouslymentionedintheeffectiveareadiscussion,thereisapoint
whereincreasingfilletweldsizeisineffectivebecausethebasemetal
strengthcontrols.Thiscanbeseenbylookingatthestrength
equations.
Figure5.5.3showsanexamplewheretheweldisobviouslystronger
thanthebasemetal.Addingadditionalweldtothisconnectionwould
nothavestrengthenedit.Additionalweldwouldhavebeenawasteof
resources.
Figure5.5.3
BaseMetalFailure
Clickonimageforlargerview

http://www.bgstructuralengineering.com/BGSCM13/BGSCM005/BGSCM00505.htm

4/6

9/28/2015

WeldStrength

ConsidertheFBDinFigure5.5.4ofafracturedweldandfracturedbase
metal.ThisfigureistakenfromFigure5.3.3.
Figure5.5.4
ConnectionFBD

Clickonimageforlargerview

Wewillfirstdeterminearelationshipbetweenweldsizeandbasemetal
thicknessfortheconditionshowninFigure5.5.1.InthisFBDthebase
metalforceissharedbetweentwoequalsizefilletwelds(oneweldon
eithersideofthebasemetal).Thelargesteffectivefilletweldsizewill
bethesizewheretheweldstrengthequalsthebasemetalstrength:
2(0.6FEXX)teL>(0.60Fu)tBML
Afterperformingthealgebra,wegetarelationshipbetweenweldsize
andbasemetalthickness.
te=0.707a>0.5(Fu/FEXX)tBM
http://www.bgstructuralengineering.com/BGSCM13/BGSCM005/BGSCM00505.htm

5/6

9/28/2015

WeldStrength

Thisformulatellsusthatanyweldsizelargerthequantityshownisno
longercontributingtothestrengthoftheconnection.
Considernowthecasewherethestrengthofthebasemetalis
comparedtoonlyonefilletweldasshowninFigure5.5.5.ThisFBDis
alsotakenfromFigure5.2.3.
Figure5.5.5
ConnectionFBD

Clickonimageforlargerview

InthisFBDthebasemetalforceiscarriedbyonefilletweld.The
largesteffectivefilletweldsizewillbethesizewheretheweldstrength
equalsthebasemetalstrength:
(0.6FEXX)teL>(0.60Fu)tBML
Afterperformingthealgebra,wegetarelationshipbetweenweldsize
andbasemetalthickness.
te=0.707a>(Fu/FEXX)tBM
Thisformulatellsusthatanyweldsizelargerthequantityshownisno
longercontributingtothestrengthoftheconnectionwhenonlyweld
supportabasemetallocation.
<<<PreviousSection<<<>>>NextSection>>>

http://www.bgstructuralengineering.com/BGSCM13/BGSCM005/BGSCM00505.htm

6/6