Pile Foundation

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GUADIZ, YSVETLLANA T.
ADVANCED FOUNDATION SYSTEM
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PILE FOUNDATION
TYPES OF PILES ACCORDING TO FUNCTION

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1.END BEARING PILES

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2. SKIN FRICTION PILES (FLOATING PILES)
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3. ANCHOR PILES
4. COMPACTING PILES
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5. DRIVEN PILES
6. AUGER CAST PILES
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WELL FOUNDATION
TYPES OF WELL FOUNDATION
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CAISSON FOUNDATION
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SPECIALTY PILES
Micropiles
Micropiles, also called mini piles, are often used for underpinning. They are also used to
create
foundations
for
a
variety
of
project
types,
including highway, bridge andtransmission tower projects. They are especially useful at
sites with difficult or restricted access, or with environmental sensitivity. Micropiles are
made of steel with diameters of 60 to 200 mm. Installation of micropiles through top soil,
sand and cobblestones overburden and into soil rock can be achieved using Air Rotary or
Mud Rotary drilling, impact driving, jacking, vibrating or screwing machinery.
Tripod piles
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The use of a tripod rig to install piles is one of the more traditional ways of forming piles.
Although unit costs are generally higher than with most other forms of piling, it has
several advantages which have ensured its continued use through to the present day.
The tripod system is easy and inexpensive to bring to site, making it ideal for jobs with a
small number of piles.
Sheet piles
Sheet piles are used to restrain soft soil above the bedrock in this excavation
Sheet piling is a form of driven piling using thin interlocking sheets of steel to obtain a
continuous barrier in the ground. The main application of sheet piles is
in rewals and cofferdams erected to enable permanent works to proceed. Normally,
vibrating hammer, t-crane and crawle drilling are used to establish sheet piles.
Soldier piles
A soldier pile wall using reclaimed railway sleepers as lagging.

Soldier piles, also known as king piles or Berlin walls, are constructed of wide flange steel
H sections spaced about 2 to 3 m apart and are driven prior to excavation. As the
excavation proceeds, horizontal timber sheeting (lagging) is inserted behind the H pile
flanges.
The horizontal earth pressures are concentrated on the soldier piles because of their
relative rigidity compared to the lagging. Soil movement and subsidence is minimized by
maintaining the lagging in firm contact with the soil.
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Soldier piles are most suitable in conditions where well constructed walls will not result in
subsidence such as over-consolidated clays, soils above the water table if they have
some cohesion, and free draining soils which can be effectively dewatered, like sands
Unsuitable soils include soft clays and weak running soils that allow large movements
such as loose sands. It is also not possible to extend the wall beyond the bottom of the
excavation and dewatering is often required
Suction Piles
Suction piles are used underwater to secure floating platforms. Tubular piles are driven
into the seabed (or more commonly dropped a few metres into a soft seabed) and then a
pump sucks water out at the top of the tubular, pulling the pile further down.
The proportions of the pile (diameter to height) are dependent upon the soil type: Sand
is difficult to penetrate but provides good holding capacity, so the height may be as short
as half the diameter; Clays and muds are easy to penetrate but provide poor holding
capacity, so the height may be as much as eight times the diameter. The open nature of
gravel means that water would flow through the ground during installation, causing
'piping' flow (where water boils up through weaker paths through the soil). Therefore,
suction piles cannot be used in gravel seabeds.
Adfreeze Piles
Adfreeze Piles supporting a building in Barrow, Alaska, United States

In high latitudes where the ground is continuously frozen, adfreeze piles are used as the
primary structural foundation method.
Adfreeze piles derive their strength from the bond of the frozen ground around them to
the surface of the pile.
Adfreeze pile foundations are particularly sensitive in conditions which cause the
permafrost to melt. If a building is constructed improperly, it will heat the ground below
resulting in a failure of the foundation system.
Vibrated stone columns
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Vibrated stone columns are a ground improvement technique where columns of

coarse aggregate ("stone") are placed in soils with poordrainage or bearing capacity to
improve the soils
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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INTRODUCTION...1
TYPES OF FOUNDATION.2
.2
Factory-assembled systems.5
Hybrid systems....6
TYPES OF PRECAST SYSTEM..7
Large-panel systems
Frame systems
Slab-column system with walls
Mixed systems
PREFAB HOUSE CONSTRUCTION..9
Panel building
Modular building
Manufactured housing
TIMELINE OF ASSEMBLY AND CONSTRUCTION...12
PROS AND CONS.13
GLOSSARY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.slideshare.net/BKLR/foundation
http://www.slideshare.net/sashadurrani/deep-foundationtypes-and-design
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https://www.wbdg.org/ccb/ARMYCOE/COETI/ARCHIVES/ti818_02.pdf
http://www.engartindia.com/products/types_of_pile.jpg
http://www.aboutcivil.org/types-classification-of-piles.html
http://www.aboutcivil.org/pile-foundations-design-construction.html
http://uotechnology.edu.iq/dep-building/LECTURE/highway&bridge
%20engineering/fourth_%20class/Foundation%20Engineering/Shallow
%20foundations.pdf
http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/documents/huddoc?id=49303gc6GUID.pdf
GLOSSARY
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BACKFILL: Earth or other material used to replace material removed during

excavation in preparation for the construction of concrete walls, slabs,
culverts, pipelines, trenches or bridge abutments.
BATCH PLANT: An operating Installation with the equipment and materials
required to mix and batch concrete Some plants are portable and are
capable of installation on the job site.
BLEEDING: A term used to describe the rising of excessive water to the
surface of a concrete slab. This is a normal process, which can be controlled
by the addition of water reducers or other admixtures.
CAST IN PLACE CONCRETE: Concrete, which is poured in forms erected at
its permanent location and allowed to harden and cure in this position.
CASSON: A foundation or support system whereby cavities are drilled in the
earthen substrate and filled with concrete.
CEMENT: An ingredient in concrete, which is made by the burning of clay
and crushed limestone.
CEMENT FACTOR: The number of bags or cubic feet of cement used in a
cubic yard of concrete.
CONCRETE CURING: The process of hydration, which allows the retention
of moisture in a concrete mix to allow the attainment of maximum
compressive strength. The prevailing specification for liquid membrane
curing compounds is ASTM C-309. The following stipulations are required to
meet this specification:
FLOAT: A tool, wooden or metallic, used in finishing operations to impart a
relatively level surface.
FLOATING: The process of spreading plaster, stucco or concrete surfaces to
a an equal thickness by the use of a wooden board or magnesium tool.
FLOATING SLAB: A special type of foundation made to carry the weight of
a superstructure, which is to be erected on swampy or unstable soil.
FORMS: A temporary structure or mold for the support of concrete while it
is setting and gaining sufficient strength to be self -supporting.
1. Modular or Hand Set Forms: Smaller forms designed to be placed by
hand. They are produced in various heights and lengths in order to be
used in specific applications.
2. Crane Set Forms ( Gang Forms ) : Larger forming systems which are
used on mass pours and require the use of heavy lifting equipment to
be placed in position.
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3. Slip Form: A form, which is pulled or raised as the concrete is placed. It

generally moves horizontally to lay concrete evenly for highway
pavement but can move vertically for concrete walls.
FOUNDATION: The entire substructure below the first floor frame of a
building including the footings on which the structure rest.
FOOTING: The foundation for vertical walls or the area of the slab designed
to support the weight of the roof and wall structures and transfer weight the
weight of the building to the ground.
1. Continuous Footing: Usually runs the perimeter and below weight
bearing interior walls.
2. Isolated Footing:
Individual structures designed to support the
weight of columns throughout the structure.
GRADE: The slope or ground level of a concrete slab, building or roadbed.
Slab on grade is the slab poured on the ground level of the structure.
GRADE BEAM: A horizontal load bearing foundation member supported on
each end like a standard beam. Not ground supported like a foundation wall
or footing.
GRADING: Modification of the earthen or rock surface by cuts, fills or both.
Norma
MUDSLAB: A two to six inch slab below a structural concrete floor or
footing over soft or wet soil.
NON-SLIP FLOOR:A concrete floor surface which has been roughened by
treatment with iron or synthetic filings, carborundum powder or the
placement of indentions in the surface while the surface is still wet.
NO-SLUMP CONCRETE: Concrete with a slump of one inch or less.
PAN AND BEAM FORMING: A prefabricated form in a pan shape, used in
conjunction with concrete floor joist. Used most commonly for slab
pourings on multi-story structures.
PILE: ( PILING ) A long timber, concrete or steel structure jetted or
driven into the ground for the purpose of supporting building foundations.
PILE CAP:A structural member placed on and usually attached to the top
of a piling or group of pilings and used to transmit loads to the piling or
group of pilings. It can be constructed of poured concrete, timber or steel
beams.
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SAINT LOUIS SCHOOL UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
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SY 2014-2015
AR 415 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5
ADVANCE BUILDING FOUNDATION SYSTEM

DATE DUE: 6 OCTOBER 2015
DATE ISSUED: 1 OCTOBER 2015
INSTRUCTOR
AR EDUARDO B LLEDO,MSME
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STUDENT
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TYPES OF PILES ACCORDING TO FUNCTION

1.END BEARING PILES

2. SKIN FRICTION PILES (FLOATING PILES)

6. AUGER CAST PILES

TYPES OF WELL FOUNDATION

A soldier pile wall using reclaimed railway sleepers as lagging.

Adfreeze Piles supporting a building in Barrow, Alaska, United States

Vibrated stone columns are a ground improvement technique where columns of

BACKFILL: Earth or other material used to replace material removed during

3. Slip Form: A form, which is pulled or raised as the concrete is placed. It

SAINT LOUIS SCHOOL UNIVERSITY

AR 415 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5

ADVANCE BUILDING FOUNDATION SYSTEM

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