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By :
Name
Student ID
Entourage
Group
Assistant
: Fatahalani Rizkika
: B1K014017
: VII
:2
: Lucky Pratama Suharto
I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Respiration is process gas exchange oxygen (O2) from the air by living
organisms that used metabolism to a series which will produce carbon dioxide
(CO2) that has to be spent, because it is not needed by the body. Every living
being respiratory tract to get oxygen O2 used to burning nutrients in the cell
body. Respiration system in human involved total organs such as nose, mouth,
pharynx, trachea, bronchus and lungs. Function of respiratory system is
facilitating respiration gas exchange between the atmosphere, lungs and tissue
cells in the body (Medina, 2007).
A model breathing human have count level that different. Differences
in different psychological level, show that main components that unstable every
breath where each component played role in respiratory system (Verma et
al. , 2009). According to Madina (2007), respiratory mechanism divided into two
kinds that is breathing chest and stomach respiration. Breathing chest bones
happened because the movement of the rib cage by the muscles between his
ribs (intercostal). Stomach
diaphragm (which restrict chest cavity and abdominal cavity). Breathing is one of
the characteristics and the activity living creatures.
Lung function in gas exchange between out air and blood that is oxygen
from the air enter to blood, and carbon dioxide from blood out into the air. The
gas exchange occurs through layer that consists of epithelial cell membrane,
basalis, liquid among cells endothelial capillary, plasma, membrane red blood
cells, and fluid intrasel blood red. In addition, there is layer liquid
that thin surfactant on the surface and that to keep alveoli always distend. The
process gas exchange occurs passively, depending on the difference in gas that is
in every
compartement.
The
process
gas
exchange occurs
with
the
1.2. Objective
The purpose of practical class is measured volume inspiration and
expiration of normal respiration (volume tidal), measure how much greater lung
capacity that can be accessed respiration (air capacity building vital), and measure
the amount of volume lungs that can accommodate respiration normal air for
1 minutes (total volume).
3. Perform the experiment during the normal respiration and after running
activities.
4. Multiply the results of tidal volume and breath for one minutes.
III.
3.1.
Result
(ml)
Group
Vital Capacity
Norma
l
200
107
500
Run
286
101
410
7200
1600
>2000
1400
Normal
Run
1800
5720
3317
10026
4545
26500
4
5
3.2.
557
500
138
1315
590
325
5
205
320
335
385
385
325
375
340
1785
1550
>2000
>2000
>2000
1375
11000
20090
27615
55400
10030
5850
90675
13760
5695
4620
12320
14950
15375
14950
Discussion
Normal conditions volume human lungs reached 4,500 cc, which is
referred to as total capacity air breathing man. In a normal condition, the event
that inspiration and expiration in respiration only using 500 cc volumes of air
respiration or called tidal capacity. From 500 cc air that is used to alveoli was only
350 cc, amount only to fill the respiratory tract. Even so, the capacity vital air
which is used in the process to breath reached 3500 cc, the 1000 cc is the rest that
the air cannot be used but always fills the lungs as suspended solids or air
remains. Capacity Building vital is the number of air maximum that can be issued
man after to fill his lungs in maximum (Cameron, 1999).
Based on the test results volume tidal group men and women of 500 ml
and 557 ml, first group 200 ml and 107 ml, group 3 normal 1315 ml and 590 ml,
group 4 normal 325 ml and 335 ml, group 5 of 385 ml and 385 ml in normal
condition . After running obtained tidal volume in the male and female group
1 of 286 ml and 101 ml, 2nd group of 500 ml and 410 ml, group 3 is 1385 ml
and 205 ml, group 4 is 320 ml and 325 ml, group 5 of 375 ml and 340 ml.
According to Pearce (2009), volume air to everyone is different , depending on the
size lung, the power to breath, and more long way to breath. The long activities,
detected frequency breathing more increasethat caused by the body movement
that strong, using many oxygen in muscles that can provide energy for activities,
will generate increase the number of carbon dioxide in the blood and consequently
enlargement pulmonary ventilatory apparatus to stimulate impulses center
respiratory tract.
Vital capacity in male and female group 1 is 7200 ml, and 1600ml, 2nd
group is >2000 ml and 1400 ml, group 3 is 1785 ml and >2000 ml, group is 1550
ml and >2000 ml, group 5 is >2000 ml and 1375 ml. in normally the vital capacity
of women is 3100 and man 4800. According to Guyton (1996), Volume and lung
capacity all about the women 20 to 25 percent less than men, and clearly higher
than in athletes and the people that have big body than the small body. This is
caused by differences muscle power men and women. The vital capacity lung also
is very influenced by physical characteristics, such as age, height and weight loss.
Main factors that affect vital capacity is the form anatomy, the position during the
measurement,muscle power when respiration and development to the chest. Other
factors that can affect vital capacity is temperature, density, the wight of body,
gender, the muscles power breathing, develop lung and order that is called the
compliance lungs.
Total Volume in the male and female normal had been found in from group
1 is 1800 ml and 3317 ml, 2nd group 10026 ml and 11000 ml, group 3 of 27615
ml and 10030 ml, group 4 5850 ml and 5695 ml, group 5 of 4620 ml and 12320
ml. After running total volume in the male and female group 1 increased to 5720
ml and 4545 ml, 2nd group of 26500 ml and 20090 ml, group 3 is 55400 ml
and 90675 ml, group 4 of 13760 ml and 14950 ml, group 5 of 15375
ml and 14960 ml. in normally the total capacity is 6000 ml and to women 4200
ml. The increase was to various factors, one of them was because the opening
some lung capillaries that had not actively affecting as well as large surface blood
and oxygen can diffuses (Guyton, 1996).
Breathing is double
process,
is
the
to
below.
Reduced
pressure in
the
by chest
cavity diminished
(Aiello,
2008).
Shrinking lung volume also followed by
developers and shrinking chest cavity. Tension
between lung and chest wall called pressure
intrapleural or intrathoacic. Air pressure in the
lungs is inversely proportional to the pressure
outside of the lung. Pressure changes lung
influenced
by
changes
volume
lung,
the
1. Tidal
volume, is volumes
of
air inspired
and
expiration
in every
IV. CONCLUSION
Based on the test results and discussion, it can be obtained conclusion that
as follows:
1. Volume inspiration and expiration of normal respiration or volume tidal
obtained from group 2 of 500 ml for men , 557 ml for women in a normal
condition for women. 410 for men and 500 ml to women after run activity.
2. Vital capacity that can be accessed respiration of air to >2000 ml for men and
1400 ml for women.
3. The total of lung volume that can accommodate respiration normal for 1
minutes 11000 ml for men and 10026 ml for women in a normal condition.
20090 for men and 26500 for women after run activity.
4. Volume respiration influenced by several of factors that affect the speed
frequency breathing that age, gender, body temperature, body position, and
activity.
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