7.

Light photon energy (E) the number of photons (N), frequency (f), the Planck constant:
E = N.h.f
8. Relations temperature (T) with a wavelength of light that gives the maximum intensity
( max )
max

.T = 2,898x10-3 m.K

9. The angular momentum of electron mass (m), the linear velocity of (v) in orbit around the
nucleus with the distribution radius (r), the orbit of quantum numbers (n) :
L = m.v.r = n
10. The energy levels of the hydrogen atom with the quantum number n :
En = -

( eV )

11. The process of Cathode Rays

Is actually a cathode ray electrons coming from the cathode. These electrons move toward the
anaode in a low-pressure gas cylinders
12. The properties of the cathode ray
- Negatively charged
- Propagating straight
- Can be deflected in an electric field and a magnetic
- Have energy
- Casting some kind of substance

13. The usefulness of the cathode ray

- Detect electromagnetic vibrations
- TV transmitter monitoring tools

14. The process of X-rays

Rays X happens because of collisions of high-energy electrons. The high-energy electrons
menunbuk innermost electrons of atoms of a metal, So that the atomic electrons jump up and
out of its orbit. The place left to be filled by electrons of atoms which is beyond its trajectory
while releasing energy in the form of a photon of light is observed as X-rays.

15. Frequency (f) X-rays of some kind of metal satisfy the relationship :
F = (z-1).0,2465x1016

(Hkm. Moseley)

16. The properties of the X-ray

- Very difficult to propagate straight and deflected by electric and magnetic fields
- An electromagnetic wave with a frequency that is slightly smaller than gamma rays
- Can discolor movies
- It can penetrate objects
- Can cause the metal to release electrons
17. The usefulness of X-rays :
- photographing organs in the body
- Eradicate tumor
- Make a concrete skeleton picture
- Cutting steel
18. The process of laser beam
( Light Amplification by Simulated Emission of Radiation )
Electrons from the ground state energy E0 dieksitasikan with energy E1 with the photon
energy
hf = E1 E0. Furthermore , there is a transition quickly to a metastable state with energy E1/2.
In this situation, the position of metastable contains very much. The incidence of
transmission of the induction of metastable ground state to generate photons with
considerable intensity (depending on the number of electrons in transition). Photons emitted
light is what is known as laser beam.
19. The properties of laser light :
- Koheren
- Monochromatic
- High intensity
- Can be polarized
20. The usefulness of laser light
- Sharpening diamond
- Making the three dimensional image
- Signal for radar
- Tumor exterminator
- Cut body tissue
- Cutting steel
- Determining the rate of minion of a body
- Destroying missiles