AUDIO VISUAL AIDS

TYPES AND DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION
Audio visual aids are also called instructional material. Audio literally means
hearing and visual means that which is found by seeing. So all such aids, which
endeavor to make the knowledge clear to us through our sense are called Audio
Visual Aids or Instructional Material. All these learning material make the learning
situation as real as possible and give us firsthand knowledge through the organs of
hearing and seeing. Therefore, any device which can be used to make the learning
experience more concrete and effective, more realistic and dynamic can be considered
audio visual material.

DEFINITIONS
According to Burton; These are sensory objectives and images which
stimulate and emphasis on learning process.
According to Edger Dale ; Audio visual aids are those devices by the use of
which communication of ideas between persons and groups in various teaching and
training situations is helped. These are also termed as multi sensory materials.

CLASSIFICATION OF AUDIO VISUAL AIDS

Audio visual aids may be classified in to three
1, Projected aids
2, Non-projected aids
3, Activity aids

1.

Projected aids
A projected aids is one in which item to be observed are projected on a screen

using mechanical devices. Film projected on a white screen using a film projector is a
tipical example these aid are found to be very effective because movement can be
added to sound and hence a realistic can be provided. The various aids under this
category are
1. Films And Film Projector
A Single picture itself is an effective aid, but a sequence of pictures
presented continuously has a cumulative effect. This is why a film in the form of a
motion picture is considered to be a valuable aid. They enrich learning by presenting a
series or sequence of meaningful experiences involving motion. They can enlarge or
reduce the actual size of objects to suit the need. Processes that are otherwise not
possible to be duplicated can also be presented by a film. They can transcend the
barriers of time, complexity and space and bring the past, present the probable future
in to the class room. They give a sance of reality by enabling individuals to
experience the outside world and make abstract concept and relationship concrete
With the help of a projector a motion picture depicting a continuous
process can be projected on a screen fixed at a convenient place so that every student
can clearly observed the presentation and at the same time attend to the related sound.
Synchronizing the moving figure with sound make the experience realistic and lively

2. Slide And Slide Projector

Any picture or diagram which will take a long time to be drawn on a black
board in the course of a class period can be got enlarged by projecting it on a screen
with a slide projector.
Slide projector is an instrument equipped with a powerful light source
and a carrier for holding slides of suitable size. The projector can also be operated and
focused by remote controls. It is also possible to record the narration in the tape
recorder that could be hooked up to the projector in such a way as to give the
necessary commentary without the help of the teacher. This aid not only time saving
but also to the impression of the learning experience.
3. Overhead Projector [OHP]
This is called overhead projector because it projects the image behind
and over the head of the teacher. It is a transparent visual is placed on a horizontal
platform at the top of the light source The light pass through the transparency and
then is reflected at an angle on to the screen placed at the back of the teacher. The
enlarged image will be much more effective. Moreover as the slide can be got ready
earlier, time can be saved. Instead of the slides the teacher can place a transparent
plate on the platform and written matter will then get projected on the screen.
4. LCD Projector
LCD [Liquid Cristal Display] Projector is the more advanced
projecting aid. It is used to present a topic in the classroom or in front of a large
audience We can demonstrate the real world situations and its simulations in the
classroom in a theatre-like atmosphere.

NON-PROJECTED AIDS (Graphic aids)

Non-projected aids can be classified in to

1, Graphic Aids
Graphic aids are visual aids such as graphs, charts etc. Graphic aids are the form
of visual that are represented on plane surface. Graphic aids help to present data
systematically in an abridged form. Graphic could truly be concerned as the short
hand language of idea convey the data concerned. They secure the attention of the
pupil by systematic presentation, attractive format and simple layout. They can
convey the message by a combination of written and pictorial visuals that could be
made meaningful by suitable captions. The idea conveyed by a single graphic
normally represents details of a single concept.
The principle categories of graphic aids are described below.

A, Graphs
The nature of the relation of two dependent variables (height and weight of
children for example ) could be very easily presented by graphical representation.
Graphs could be interpreted and inferences drawn easily. Line graphs, bar graphs, pie
graphs, each suited to represent specific types of data.

B, Diagrams
Diagrams could be used to easily explain many facts at the same time, by using
a variety of symbols and labels. A picture can be regarded as a brief visual synopsis
of facts to be presented for study. Diagrams can explain facts more vividly than
charts.

C, Posters
Posters are bold and attractive representations of an idea or concept and are
usually given in color. Poster catches the eye and conveys the desired message. The
visual design can be dramatic and hence dynamic in appeal.

D, Flash cards
Flash card is an aid liberally used in language lessons , especially in the
lower classes. This felicities immediate feedback of comprehension and skill in silent
reading , hence the name flash card. The card containing the reading material is
inhibited for a few second only. Then it is removed and feedback attempted.

The name flashcard indicates its use as if in a flash.

A chart may be defined as a combination of graphic and pictorial media
designed for the orderly and logical visualizing of relationship between key facts and
ideas.d
2. Display Board
The stereotyped atmosphere of the traditional classrooms, libraries and
corridors of schools is recently giving way to attractive and educative surrounding
with a wealth of display materials.

Various types of display boards are

a.

Black board

Most basic widely used tool for display

Teaching cannot be successful without proper use of black board

Simplest and oldest visual aid

Black board planning is a precious skill to be developed by a teacher.

b. Peg board

It can be used for compiling flat and even 3-D materials

Use hooks and clips to display materials

c. Magnetic board

A magnetic display will be useful to show the relative movement of

elements of a visual.

A sheet of iron together with a piece of magnet can be used for the
magnetic board.

Activity Aids
Activity aids are natural medium of instruction suitable for developmental
education. Activity aids include field trip and excursion, exhibition, demonstration,
museum, project, practical works etc.

1. Field trip and excursion

Excursion are mostly undertaken for recreation and pleasure. When
an excursion is undertaken for gathering objective based learning experience it
becomes a study tour. The tour made by a group is often known as trip too.

2. Exhibition
Exhibition are effective mode of mass communication and instruction
if it organized by the pupils themselves they get opportunity for self activity. Special
talent of the pupils get revealed and creativity can be fostered. The exhibition
arranged in schools are usually planned to communicated novel ideas to children,
their parents, and public alike.

3. Museum
Museum is a wonderful medium for public education. It is an
institution that collect and preserves original objects and use them for research and
educational displays.

4. Project
A project build a comprehensive unit around activity which can be carried out
in the school or outside it.

5. Practical wok
Practical work and experimentation find a high place in science. Students
developed constructional, improvising and drawing skills through practical work.