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TUTORIAL 1 (THERMOCHEMISTRY)
1.
2.
3.
By first finding the volume of the product gas, calculate the work done when a mole
of lead azide solid, Pb(N3)2(s) , decomposes at room temperature to produce solid lead
and nitrogen gas. Assume that the external pressure is 1 atmosphere.
4.
Show that the work done is given also by the expression - where -ngasRT is the
change in the number of moles of gas in the system, as a result of the reaction.
5.
When a mole of methane, at room temperature is burnt and the products are collected
and brought to room temperature, the heat released is 890.4 kJ mol-1. Determine the
change in internal energy for this process, assuming pressure is constant throughout at
1atmosphere.
If it is true that energy is conserved in chemical reactions then the energy released
must have been present in the system before the reaction. Explain
6.
7.
What is the maximum temperature that can be reached in a styrofoam cup (as a
calorimeter) containing 105 mL of water at 20.12 oC following the addition and
dissolving of some pellets of KOH (s) weighing 5.0 g? Assume the density of water
to be 1.00 g/mL.
KOH (s)
8.
H2O
KOH (aq)
H = -57.6 kJ/mol
H2(g) + F2(g)
2 HF(g)
H = -537 kJ
C(s) + 2 F2(g)
CF4(g)
H = -680 kJ
2 C(s) + 2 H2(g)
C2H4(g)
H = +52.3 kJ
2 CF4(g) + 4 HF(g)
Use the bond dissociation enthalpies given below to make an estimate of the standard
enthalpy of formation of benzene vapour. The enthalpy of sublimation of graphite is
716.7 kJ mol-1 and the enthalpy of atomization of hydrogen is 436.0 kJ mol-1.
Compare your result with the experimentally determined value of +83 kJ mol -1 and
explain why they are very difficult.
10.
C-C
348 kJ mol-1
C=C
612 kJ mol-1
CC
812 kJ mol-1
C-H
412 kJ mol-
A gas expands against a constant external pressure of 0.500 atm from an initial
volume of 1.500 L to a final volume of 6.25 L. The container in which this process is
taking place is well insulated, and you may assume no heat enters or leave the system.
(i) Determine the work w done by the system.
(ii) Calculate the energy change U for the system
The standard enthalpy of formation of ammonia gas, (Hf of ammonia,) is - 46.1 kJ
11.
mol-1.
a) Calculate the Gibbs energy of the process, given the following standard molar
entropies;
S(NH3(g)) = 239.0 J K-1mol-1
S(H2(g)) = 130.7 J K-1mol-1
S(N2(g)) = 191.6 J K-1mol-1
and say whether or not the process is likely to be spontaneous at 25 C?
b) Sketch the variation of the Gibbs energy, G, of the system as it changes from
reactants only to product only, showing the likely position of equilibrium in this
case.
c) Calculate the equilibrium constant, K, for the process, and say whether or not the
value obtained is consistent with your finding on the spontaneity or nonspontaneity of the process in part (a). Explain.
12.
The reaction given below, in which nitrogen dioxide is formed from nitric oxide in
an
oxygen atmosphere, effectively converts three gas molecules to two.
-1
b) Given that H for the reaction is 114.1 kJ mol , and that S = -146.5 J K-1 at 25C,
calculate the standard Gibbs energy for the reaction and say whether or not the
of substances.
(b)
[4]
Explain also what is means when it is said that these quantities are state
functions.
(c)
[3]
substances.
[4]
(d)
Use the standard enthalpies given below to determine the standard enthalpy
of the reaction:
C6H6(g)
+
3 H2(g)
C6H12(g)
fH of C6H6(g)
fH of C6H12(l)
vapH of C6H12(l)
= 82.9 kJ mol-1
= -156.0 kJ mol-1
= 33.3 kJ mol-1
[6]
(e)
Given that the constant pressure heat capacity of the gaseous cyclohexane
(C6H12(g)) is 156.5 J/ K mol and heat capacity of liquid cyclohexane (C6H12(l))
is 106 J/K mol, find the enthalpy of vaporization of (C6H12(l)) at its boiling
point, 80 oC.
[8]
Selected questions from C10k Tutorial 1 (2001/2002) at University of the West Indies, Mona Campus and past examinations