1

INDEX
SR. NO.

PARTICULAR

PG. NO.

1.

GENERAL INFORMATION

HISTORY
COMPANY PROFILE
PROMOTORS
ORGANISATION STRUCTURE
FORMS & TYPES OF ORGANISATION
LOCATION & LAYOUT CHART
TIME KEEPING SYSTEM

5
6
7
8
9
10
13

MANUFACTURING PROCESS & RAW

MATERIALS

14

2.

INTRODUCTION
RAW MATERIAL ,MACHINES &
EQUIPMENT
PRODUCTION PROCESS
PRODUCTION PROCESS CHART
MAIN PRODUCTS OF COMPANY
INSTALLED & UTILIZED CAPACITY
QUALITY CONTROL
3.

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

INTRODUCTION
OWNED & BORROWED CAPITAL
RESERVES
PROFITS

16
17
18
23
24
25
26
27
29
30
31
32

SR. NO.

PARTICULARS

PG. NO.

4.

EMPLOYEES RELATION
INFORNATION

33

INTRODUCTION
TOTAL EMPLOYEES & THEIR
CLASSIFICATION
INDIVIDUAL RELATION
INDUSTRIAL RELATION
5.

MARKETTING DEPARTMENT
INTRODUCTION
ADVERTISING & SALES
PROMOTION
DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL
PRICING POLICY
COMPETITORS

35
36
37
38
39
41
42
43
44
45

6.

CONTRIBUCTION OF UNIT TO THE

INDUSTRY

46

7.

FUTURE PLANS

47

8.

ACHIEVEMENTS & AWARDS

49

9.

CONCLUSION

51

10.

SUGGESTIONS

53

11.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

55

INDEX
SR. NO.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

PARTICULARS
HISTORY
COMPANY PROFILE
ORGANISATION STRUCTURE
FORMS & TYPES OF ORGANISATION
PROMOTORS
LOCATION & LAYOUT CHART
TIME KEEPING SYSTEM

PG. NO.
5
6
7
8
9
10
13

HISTORY
ECHJAY was established on 18th December 1971. Haribhai Jechandbhai
Doshi of the company was from Amreli dist. He was the promoter of the
company. The name of the company has derived from his initials H & J.
ECHJAY has started with the work force of 100 workers at the Rajkot,
mainly for manufacturing steel products not produce to Gujarat. When it was
established, Government gave favorable response to this firm by granted loans
and subsidies.
ECHJAY industries produces the steel forgings who are using advanced
automatic technology equipment. It has many important machines which carry
cost about 150 crores and imported from foreign countries like Germany, Japan
etc.
Now ECHJAY has valuable customers in India are BHEL Reliance,
GNFC, IPCL, ONGC, GAIL, Mahindra & Mahindra, TELCO, GSFC, IOCL,
VCCS, Railway Board and in the foreign SLIBO industries ( USA) ALHUSAIN
(KUWUAIT) etc. because of his wide range of steel products. And also for the
manned machine to fully automatic machines. This handling with the few
people.

COMPANY PROFILE

NAME

: ECHJAY INDUSTRIES PVT. LTD.

ADDERESS

: ECHJAY STEEL DIVISION,

Lalpari Lake Road,
RAJKOT-360003

REGISTERED OFFICE

: 83, Bajaj Bhavan,

8th floor, Nariman Point,
Mumbai 400021, India.

YEAR OF
ESTABLISHMENT

: 18th December 1971.

SIZE OF THE UNIT

: Medium Scale Unit.

PROMOTOR

: Mr. Harilal Jechand Doshi.

C.M.D.

: Mr. Vinodbhai Doshi.

DIRECTORS

: Mr. Devenbhai Doshi.

Mr. Parasbhai Doshi.

GENERAL MANAGER
[FINANCE]

: Mr. Bharatbhai Doshi.

LAND AREA COVERED

: 1000 Sq. Mt.

WORK FORCE

: 1400 Workers (approx)

ACCOUNTING YEAR

: 1st April to 31st March.

BANKERS

: AXIS Bank, B.O.I., I.O.B.

WEEKLY OFF

: Monday

E-MAIL

: personnel@echjayindustries.com

WEBSITE

: www.echjayindustries.com

PROMOTORS

The foundation of such a well famous industry was lay by Lt. Harilal
Jechand Doshi who dreamed ECHJAY at one of the best steel forging industry
which flourished day by day. And reached at the heights from small & medium
scale to large-scale unit because of the powerful and sincere efforts of the
present M.D. and chairman shri Vinodbhai H. Doshi and his whole staff.
Today, ECHJAY has a production capacity of 35,000 to 40,000 forgings
flanges per annum with more than a variety of 300 items and many more in
steel and automobile parts.

ORGANISATION STRUCTURE

CHAIRMAN
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
DIRECTOR
G. M.
TECHNICAL PERSONNEL MARKETING FINANCE
H.R.D.
DEPARTMENT MANAGER MANAGER MANAGER MANAGER
H.O.D.
OFFICERS OFFICERS OFFICERS OFFICER
SENIOR
SENIOR
SENIOR
SENIOR SENIOR
ENGINEER
ASST.
ASST.
ASST.
ASST.
SUPERVISOR
ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT
OPERATOR
CLERK
CLERK
CLERK
CLERK
HELPER

FORMS & TYPES OF ORGANISATON

It is determine by fixed capital investment in plant and machinery. Mainly

there are three types of industries.
[A.] Small Scale Industries,
[B.] Medium Scale Industries,
[C.] Large Scale Industries
An ECHJAY industry is medium scale unit.

LOCATION

10

Location play most important role in establishment of company and also

affects to operating income of company, if it located one place then it is very
difficult to change it or may appropriate and favorable location. For starting, the
company is very important for any organization. Therefore, the relevant
decision pertaining to location is core part for any firm.
The location for the plant mainly affected following factor:
1. Infrastructure facility,
2. Power,
3. Fuel,
4. Labor,
5. Cost of location,
6. Transport facility,
7. Communication facility,
8. Government Policy.

ECHJAY INDUSTRIES is location at Rajkot on the Lalpari Lake Road.

Company gets help from the Government & labor available in this zone at
nominal wage. Through this location, it gets Government benefits like full time
electricity, land with law prices, water facility etc.

LOCATION CHART

11

AMUL
INDUSTRIES

LALPARI LAKE ROAD

ECHJAY
INDUSTRIES
PVT. LTD.

LAYOUT CHART

12

MAIN
GATE
MAIN OFFICE
SECURITY
OFFICE

MANUFACTURING
DEPARTMENT

STORE
DEPARTMENT

TIME KEEPING SYSTEM

13

Every company has its own time keeping system to regulate the
employees for his services due to proper and regular work as per time is
enhancing the profit of company and also eliminate the laziness record to
employee arriving and departing the work.
ECHJAY has its own time keeping system. It has adopted following
method:
SHIFT

DUTY [HOURS]

8:00 A.M. TO 4:00 P.M.

4:00 P.M. TO 12:00 P.M.
12:00 A.M. TO 8:00 P.M.

GENERAL :

9:00 A.M. TO 5:30 P.M.

MONDAY

WEEKLY OFF

14

INDEX

15

SR. NO.

PARTICULARS

PG. NO.

1.
2.

INTRODUCTION
RAW MATERIAL ,MACHINES &
EQUIPMENT
PRODUCTION PROCESS
PRODUCTION PROCESS CHART
MAIN PRODUCTS OF COMPANY
INSTALLED & UTILIZED CAPACITY
QUALITY CONTROL

16

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

INTRODUCTION

17
18
23
24
25
26

16

Production is the basic activity of the any organization .The process is

still not work (i.e. price promotion & distribution) is not possible. It is the first
function of 4ps.
In simple words, Production process is the process of convert of raw
material into finished product.
ECHJAY is the Large Company. Therefore, it is dividing in various
department of shop for the purpose of easy production. The company is well
known ISO/TS 16949 Certified given by INTERNATIONAL AUTOMATIVE
TASK FORCE [I.A.T.F.] organization for manufacturing automobile. It has
produce forging as per national & international standards.
We can see a simple production system.
PRODUCTION PLACE
RAW MATERIAL INPUT
CAPACITY OF PRODUCTION
TRANSFERING RAW
MATERIALS
INTO FINAL PRODUCT
MANUFACTURING
PRODUCTION PLACE

RAW MATERIAL, MACHINES & EQUIPMENTS

The raw materials depend upon the types of the product of the company.
If the company can get raw material easily and near by the company then the
cost of product will decrease and the company get the raw material as soon as
possible. In any industries without raw material production process is not
possible.

17

Main raw materials are used in ECHJAY is as follows

- Forging quality, carbon steel,
- Alloy steel & stainless roads,
- Billets & blooms in various sections & grades.
Raw materials are purchased from Mumbai. The purchase officer places
the orders to S.A.I.L. (STEEL AUTHORITY OF INDIA LTD.) according to
quality control. Raw materials required as first are checked and weightage in
raw material department as engaged with the collection of raw material
required.
ECHJAY has produced mainly the steel product. Therefore, it uses mainly
the iron & steel as a raw material from Australia, Canada, Germany, U.S.A.,
U.K., etc. the company produce the products as per the ordered meet from
railway board & Indian defensive etc.
SUPPLIERS : T.I.S.C.O., M.U.S.C.O., I.S.P.T., S.A.I.L.

PRODUCTION PROCESS
ECHJAY Industries produce different steel products so, it is not possible
to describe manufacturing produces for each process but the basic process is
almost simple and it is describe in the nearest point of manufacturing chart. In
this company, there is one of the capture rooms where products are design as per
requirements.

18

Forged Steel Flanges, Fittings & Fasteners

Flanges
The only Indian company to be approve by major U.S. oil refineries such
as Exxon, etc. Also approved by Lloyds Register and TUV.
A wide variety of high quality Steel Flanges meeting international standards and
specifications: ANSI, DIN, API, MSSP, BS, JIS, GOST, etc.
Sizes from: 1/2" to 80" (15mm to 2000mm) Nominal Bore.
Types: Weld neck, Slip on, Threaded, Blind, Lap joint, Socket weld, Orifice,
Girth, Long Weld Neck.

Forged Fittings:

Forged, Threaded / Socket Welding Elbows, Tees,

Unions, Couplings, Nipples, Caps, and Plugs etc. Conforming to ASA, B 16. 11.
Sizes: 1/2" to 4" (15 mm to 100 mm) Nominal Bore.

Fasteners:

High Tensile, Studs, Bolts & Nuts to ASTM A-193 B7 and A194 2H A-307, etc.

Sizes: 1/2" to 3" (15 mm to 80 mm) in full and specific lengths.

Seamless Rolled Rings & Forged Discs

Rings
OD up to 3000 mm
ID up to 2900 mm
Height up to 400 mm
Weight up to 3000 kgs
Discs
OD up to 2500 mm
Height up to 200 mm

19

Weight up to 5000 kgs

Shape: Rectangular or Profiled as per customer's requirements, including nozzle
and girth flanges, and hub bed tube sheets.
Both Rings and Discs made from Carbon, Alloy and Stainless Steel as well as
Super and Aluminum Alloy etc.
Supplied in As Forged / Normalized / Hardened & Tempered / Solution
Annealed / Proof Machined / Fully Machined condition.

Railway Tires
Indian Railways recognizes ECHJAY as India's leading manufacturer of steel
tires for Locomotives, Carriages and Wagons run on broad, meter and narrow
gauge lines in the country.
ECHJAY also meets the needs of overseas railway systems and tramways.
The tires are manufacture on the modern radial and axial Ring Rolling Machine
from Wagner-Dortmund of West Germany.

Closed Die Forgings

20

Crankshafts, Camshafts, Connecting Rods & Caps, Gear shifter Forks;

Output shafts, Sliding Gears, Bearing Caps; Bell Crank Arm, Shift levers,
Steering Knuckle, Crown Wheel & Pinion, Axle Shafts, Wheel Bearing spindle,
Hubs, Ball -Yokes, End-Yokes; Flanged-yokes, Midshift Shafts, Universal
Cross, Spiders;
Tow Hook, Shackle, Load-Binder; Hanger, Spring Seat, Pivot -Pin, Draft key,
Draw Bar & Hook, Screw coupling; Track Rollers, Shafts & Links, Cones
&Legs,etc.
And as per customer's requirements. For applications in diverse
industries, viz. Automobile, Tractor, Rail Coach, Mining, Earthmoving
Equipment, Oil Exploration and general engineer industry.
Supplied in as forged/ Heat-treated / Partially or Fully Machined condition
(including gear cutting, carburizing and grinding) in the range of 1/2 kg to 350
kg.

Near Net Forgings

Axial Closed Die Rolled Products

21

Examples of Products of the ACDR Line

-Transmission Gears
-Ring Gears
-Bull Gears
-Clutch Discs
-Wheel Hubs
-Stub Axles
-Crane Wheels
-Track Roller Wheels
-Flanges

Machined Components And Transmission Gears &

Shafts
A range of machined components including knuckles, spindles, hubs,
yokes, CNC turned crown wheels and pinions ready for gear cutting,
crankshafts, and fully finished transmission gears and shafts.
Shafts

Gears & Machined Components

22

PRODUCTION PROCESS CHART

RAW MATERIALS DEPARTMENT

LABORATOTY DEPARTMENT
CUTTING DEPARTMENT
- Billet
- Cutting
FURANCE DEPARTMENT
FORGE DEPARTMENT
- Hammers
- Die Selection
Machine Department
- Milling
- CNC
-Gear cutting
FINISHING DEPARTMENT

23

- Packing
- Delivery channel
ADMINISTRATIVE
DEPARTMETNT
- Personal Security
- Stores

MAIN PRODUCTS OF COMPANY

FORGED AND MACHINED FLANGES,
FITTINGS AND FASTENERS
SEAMLESS ROLLED RINGS AND FORGED DISCS
RAILWAY TYRES
CLOSED DIE FORGINGS
NEAR NET FORGINGS - AXIAL CLOSED DIE ROLLING
PRODUCT LINE
FINISHED TRANSMISSION GEARS AND SHAFTS
CNC Turned Components

24

INSTALLED & UTILIZED CAPACITY

A range of pneumatic drop closed die forging hammers upto 5 ton
capacity to produce.
1000 Ton Press : A hydraulic open forging press of Japanese make
equipped with mobile forging manipulators upto 5 Ton capacity to manufacture
blanks for the ring rolling and open forged discs upto 2500 mm dia.
2500 Ton Press : A fully automatic 3-station hydraulic press equipped
with robotic arm to manufacture profile shaped close die blanks for the ring
rolling machine and to manufacture closed die forgings upto 350 kgs.
Ring Rolling Machine : A numerically controlled axial and radial ring
rolling machine of 63/80 Ton capacity for manufacture of rectangular and
profiled rings of upto 3 meter dia, and flanges from 12" to 80" size.

25

QUALITY CONTROL

QUALITY POLICY
1. We are committed to manufacture and supply products, which meet the
agreed quality requirements of our customers.
2. We shall work for continuous improvement of our processes and operations.

QUALITY OBJECTIVES
1.1 Enhance customer satisfaction.
1.2 Maintain recognized quality management systems.
2.1 Defect prevention.
2.2 Reduction in variations & waste.
2.3 Continual improvement of technology, process & productivity.
2.4 Enhance technical and operational skills & competence.

26

27

INDEX
SR. NO.
1.

PARTICULARS
INTRODUCTION

PG. NO.

2.

OWNED & BORROWED CAPITAL

30

4.

RESERVES

31

5.

PROFITS

32

29

28

INTRODUCTION
Money is the life blood of any business money is required to purchase
fixed assets like land, building, plant and machinery, raw material and also day
to day expenses.
In the word of HUSBAND and DOCKERY , Finance may be said to be
the circulatory system of economic body, making possible the needed cooperation between many units of activity.
In ECHJAY, finance manager Mr. Bharat Doshi is producing and utilizing
financial resources in such a way that company maximize its profit.

29

OWNED & BORROWED CAPITAL

Capital budgeting is the process of conversing, generating, evaluating,
selecting the most of profitable project for invest in available fund to the firm.
Main importance capital budgeting is profitability, investment, decisions and
limited sources.
ECHJAY has choose the most important and effective projects. It uses
payback period method.
The company sis in good position but faces the problems of under capital.
As it is private limited so that profit to be reinvested again in company it self.
The capital structure of ECHJAY INDUSTRIES PVT. LTD. Is as under :
PARTICULAR
Own capital
Share capital

AMT. RS.IN
CRORES
1.0
159.5

30

Secured loan
Unsecured loan
Interest

375.5
110.0
1259.5

ECHJAY has a very simple capital structure generally depends on its share
capital.

RESERVES
That part of the assets of a bank or other financial institution specially
kept in cash in a more or less liquid form as a reasonable provision for meeting
all demands which may be made upon it; specific.
The ECHJAY INDUSTRIES is also making the reserves for the different
factors like worker, debtors etc. The reserves and surplus of this company is
1100.0 Rs. Crores.

31

PROFITS
Net profit is calculated by subtracting a company's total expenses from
total revenue, thus showing what the company has earned in a given period of
time is known net income or net earnings.
ECHJAY develop more and more and more step-by-step. Their earning
power is increasing year by year. Now company became nominate. Therefore,
the ratio of order of his product is too increasing which effect to the profit of
company.
NET PROFIT RATIO = NET PROFIT / NET SALES * 100
= 24800000/374000000*100
= 6.63 %

32

33

INDEX
SR. NO.
1.
2.
3.
4.

PARTICULARS
INTRODUCTION
TOTAL EMPLOYEES & THEIR
CLASSIFICATION
INDIVIDUAL RELATION
INDUSTRIAL RELATION

PG. NO.
35
36
37
38

34

INTRODUCTION
Inputs of production organization have need. Input sources like man,
machine, money and material. Out of this sources man is crucial factor of any
organization.
The human resource of management is headed by M.Y. HATHI whose
functions are the process of attracting, holding and motivating people involving
all managerss, line and staff.
The personnel and administration department is headed by Mr. J. R.
Kikani. The management of man is very important and challenging a job.
Important because it is a job not managing, man but of administrating a social
system the management of men is challenging task because of dynamic nature
of the people because no two person similar in mental abilities, traditions,

35

sentiments and behavior. Thus, they need a tactful handling by management

personnel.
In ECHJAY, labor is an active factor and controls all other factor and
coordinating them to get the maximum output at minimum cost and maintain
development of workers planning too.

TOTAL EMPLOYEES & THEIR

CLASSIFICATION
Total number of employees working at present 1150 workers including
officers, staff, workers and contractors.
Approx salary of each employee minimum per day:
Unskilled
Skilled
Office staff
Maximum is depending upon skill, experience.

36

INDIVUDIAL RELATION
Employees are important assets of a unit. So, for better work
performance they should be motivated. For this, they should be given not only
financial incentives, and facilities. The company had undertaken the following
welfare measure to motivate the workers.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Leave 30 days E.L.

House rent allowance
Annual bonus 20 % attendance quarterly uniform
Industrial shoes
Winter wear
Safety equipments
Welfare fund
Education aid
Subsidized

37

10. Canteen
11. Festival sweets
12. Holiday tour
13. Cultural programmed and sports
14. Co-operative society
In order to get the benefits of provident fund scheme employee should
have completed continues at last go says service. Here in ECHJAY under this
skilled an employees has to contribute 3.67 % is for provident fund. While
8.33% is for pension scheme. An employees gets 12% interest on the
contributed of his provident fund.

INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
The relationship between employers and trade unions are called
industrial relations. Good industrial relations means industrial peace, which is
necessary for better and higher production. The subject therefore includes
individual relation and joint consultation between employees and workers at
their place of work. Collective relations between employees at their
organization and make unions and the part played by the state in regulating
these relations.
Every organization must have a good relation with their workers,
employees, shareholders, customers, creditors, other financial institutes. In the
competitive market, for the survival of the organization good industrial relations
are essential.
ECHJAY INDUSTRIES PVT. LTD. Has a friendly relationship with the
employees or workers which leads to increasing ineffective and decreases in

38

employees turn over rate. It has also employee turn over rate. It has also
relationship with other industries.

39

INDEX
SR. NO.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

PARTICULARS
INTRODUCTION
ADVERTISING & SALES PROMOTION
DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL
PRICING POLICY
COMPETITORS

PG. NO.
41
42
43
44
45

40

INTRODUCTION
Present market is customer oriented market and no longer supply
monopoly market. Customer s the king of the market without marketing the
company cannot reach to the market king. Therefore, the marketing is critical
part in todays area.
What does the term marketing means?
According to Perter F. Ducker , The aim of marketing means to make
selling superfluous. The aim is to know and understand the customer so well
that the product and services fits and sells it.

41

Marketing is the social and managerial process by which individual and

groups obtain what they want and need through creating, offering and
exchanging products of values with others.
ECHJAY has a separate marketing department in the Mumbai. Punch line
of the company is 1 forging the world trust 2 most if the activity of marketing
department is done in Mumbai office.

ADVERTISING &
SALES PROMOTION
Sales promotion is concerned with extra efforts for increasing sales. It is
not experience, it an investment with can pay rich dividend the main objective
of sales promotion is to attract new customers to increase off session sales, to
meet the competition, introducing the new producers etc.
Not applicable to this industry because this industry is only produce the
product as per the order meets by users (railways board, India defense and other
private industry). This industry has got others equal to its production capacity.

42

DISTIRIBUTION CHANNEL
A channel of distribution is the series of marketing institutions that
facilitates the transfer of the product or services is moves from the point of
production to the user at the point of consumption. This also affected the price
of goods.
ECHJAY using the zero level channel of distribution in the Indian market.
Means direct selling from manufacturer to users. Company does not require
intermediaries for its selling. In the case of expert of the products, company
keeps the trader and intermediaries.

43

PRICING POLICY
Pricing is the very critical decision in marketing management. The main
objective of the firm that is to earn profit very much depends the correct the
price decisions. After meeting all the lost involve, the sales revenue generated
must yield a surplus before there can be profited. The sales revenue figure is
however materially affected by the price charged for the product.
A company formulates definite prices specifies in aerodrome wit its
objectives of the market trend also taken in to account while actually setting the
price. The following are the basic method.
A. Cost oriented pricing

44

B. Demand oriented pricing

C. Competition oriented pricing
ECHJAY sets its prices as per demand of produce. Only in private sector,
it follows cost-oriented method when it supplies its product to railway board and
Indian defensive. If charged different prices of different kind of products.

COMPETITORS
Today, the world became more and more competitive and it cut throat
competition every firm has a competitor.
But ECHJAY has only one manufacturer of steal product in Gujarat and
mainly produce the railway parts, disk and rings of aero planes engine parts etc.
so, it has no competitor in the Indian market.

45

Business is the activity done by the man for the man. Here means the
businessperson does business for society because without society he cannot
achieve his goals. There are various objectives of any business unit, like
maximum profit. To earn maximum profit, to expand the business area, to
change the modern era etc. Now a day to fulfill the social responsibility is one
of the objectives of the company to survive in the market. ECHJAY

46

INDUSTRIES PVT. LTD. fulfills its responsibilities towards the society,

Government, customers and employees. The responsibilities are as follows:
TOWARDS EMPLOYEES:
They have given good working conditions.
They have given vehicle facility for the coming to the unit. They have also
given house facility.
TOWARDS CONSUMERS:
The good quality products are provided by
the company to their customers. The co-operatives the things with reasonable
prices. The company has never done black marketing.

TOWARDS SOCIETY:
The company has got an IS/ISO 9001:2000
certificate for not to make pollution. The company is about 20 kilometers from
city area.
TOWARDS GOVERNENT:
The tax is being paid by the company properly.
The company follows the all the rules made by the state & central government.

47

FUTURE PLANS
The ECHJAY industries have become develop firm their earning power
increasing year by year. And margin profit is too high. It trying to maximization
its quantity performance along with the productivity of the company.
ECHJAY has ventured to manufacture of called forged automobile
components.

48

49

50

51

52

CONCLUSION
This firm is leading progressive and whole staff is working with full
responsibility. Therefore, firm can achieve it goals.
This firm is owned and managed by different and proper person. There
are co-operation among the employee, workers and the management. Thus, they
do not face many problems. Workers and employees satisfied with management.
There production capacity and turnover are increased year over year at 30
% this time company developing more systematically.
I will my best regarding for its continues process. Its developed more
and from the time passed it flexible in large scale and achieve their ultimate
goals.

53

SUGGESTIONS

54

I feel proud that i have prepared project report on this industry. This firm
should have increasing in sale, promotion and advertising though TV. and big
brands. So that it aware to all new industries, which as used their products and
also established a new machinery which can increase expansion and also be
give a price at award to their employee for their appreciation. Therefore, they
work with full morel. so result in to increasing productivity of company.

55

BIBLIOGRAPHY

56

The following are the various precious books, which helped me like a
matured friends to complete my project.
PHILIP KOTELER MARKETING MANAGEMENT
EDWIN B. FLLIPO PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
C. B. MAMORIA PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
B. S. SHAH. PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF MANAGEMENT