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Version 3.20
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BAND SCAN
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CALIBRATION
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TROUBLESHOOTING
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The standard AC supply is rated at 130 Watts. Actual power requirements will vary depending
on the number of downconverters installed and the receiver tasking. The maximum power
requirement of the scanner is 50 Watts.
DC operation for the standalone receiver can be achieved by connection to a vehicle 12-volt
system. The following table is provided to budget the system current requirements for various
configurations.
Platform configuration/Module
3.0 A
3.6 A
The estimates given for the scanner assume maximum utilization of the processing capabilities.
2. Connect Ethernet cable(s) to the scanner Ethernet port(s) and to the Nemo Outdoor laptop.
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3. Go to Control Panel | Network and Internet | Network and Sharing Center. Click on
Change adapter settings.
4. Right-click on Local Area Connection and select Properties. In the Local Area Connection
Properties dialog, select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and click Properties.
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5. Select Use the following IP address and type in an IP address that is different from that of
the scanner. The IP address should be 192.168.3.xxx where the xxx can be anything else
except 250, 251, 252, or 253 because those four IP addresses are reserved for the scanner.
Click OK and Close.
Please note that by default the Nemo FSR1 is delivered with a fixed IP address. The IP
address can be changed with a separate utility software. The following IP addresses are
used in Nemo Outdoor:
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6. Connect the power cable to the scanner and to a power source. Switch power on.
Fuse
Power connector
Fans
Power switch
7. The default address and name settings of the scanner are generally suitable for most users.
There is no need to configure these settings when using the Nemo FSR1 scanner with Nemo
Outdoor.
8. The status LEDs at the front panel display how the scanner is functioning.
LED Name
RxA
RxB
Status
Active
All LEDs
LED Color
Green
Amber
Green
Amber
Green
Amber
Green
Red
Amber
Description
Receiver A enabled
Receiver A disabled i.e. EEPROM not readable
Receiver B enabled
Receiver B disabled i.e. EEPROM not readable
GPS Locked
GPS Unlocked
Ethernet link connected
Ethernet link disconnected
If all four LEDs are amber, the bootloader is
running and the module needs to be reloaded
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Connect a PC to the Nemo FSR1 serial port using the serial adapter cable (available from
Anite). The scanner serial port is located in the lower-right corner of the front panel. Switch on
the scanner.
If a serial port is not available on the computer, a USB-to-serial adapter can be used.
Follow the manufacturers instructions for driver installation and use of the adapter. If an
adapter is used, the COM port to choose for the Hyperterminal connection should be the
port assigned by Windows to the USB/serial adapter (see Device Manager, Ports).
Start a terminal port software, such as, HyperTerminal. Select COM1 or the port assigned to the
USB/serial adapter in the Connect using field and click Configure.
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To change the IP address, press 2 and Enter. Enter the new IP address in format
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx. For example, 192.168.003.252. Press Enter.
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The IP address is changed and the window displays the new flash data with the new IP
address. To update the scanner firmware and finalize the changes, press 0 and Enter.
This is an important step to complete the firmware update. If you exit HyperTerminal
without entering 0 and selecting Y when prompted, the firmware will not be updated.
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The scanner firmware is updated and the scanner is restarted. Check from the scanner
information that the IP address has changed. Now you can close the HyperTerminal.
2.5V to 5.5V DC
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Connect the GPS antenna cable to the GPS connector in the scanner front panel, add the
scanner to Nemo Outdoor and enable the internal GPS (Measurement Properties | General |
Advanced).
In order to store GPS data using the internal GPS of Nemo Invex, you need to define a
measurement server (UIC) for the scanner. In the Add New Device dialog, select the UIC in the
field at the bottom of the dialog. In this case, there is no need to enable the internal GPS of the
scanner.
If you prefer using the scanner as a local device with Nemo Invex (i.e., not connected to a UIC),
GPS data will not be available unless you enable the internal GPS (Measurement Properties |
General | Advanced).
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Nemo FSR1 power cable can be connected to the Nemo Invex chassis. The scanner power
connector is located at the rear of the chassis.
The Nemo FSR1 scanner can be attached on top of the Nemo Invex chassis with a mounting
plate.
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Back
10 cm
Left side
3 cm
Right side
Note that the air intake is on the left side and exhaust on the back.
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5. In the Device Configuration dialog, select Nemo Scanner LAN as the Port and click OK.
6. If the dialog did not close, the startup did not succeed. Check the cable connections and the
settings and try again.
7. If the Device Status window is not visible, open it from the View menu. A green light should
be blinking. This means that the device is working properly and scanning using the default
settings. If the status field displays, Device is not started, check that you are in online mode
(click the Work Offline/Online button
). If the device is started but not scanning, check
that you have selected channels to be scanned.
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RX Level Average: the data reported is the average RX level, in dB, of the number of
samples.
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Measurement period defines the time in milliseconds for which the scanner measures and then
reports the result. Lengthening the measurement period does not change the time period over
which raw samples are averaged for a measurement result. If the report time is smaller than the
needed averaging time, the measurements will be reported as fast as they can be delivered, but
not more often than the averaging time. If the report time is longer than the needed averaging
time, pauses between measurements will be introduced so that measurements are reported at
the rate requested by the user.
Sample size defines the number of samples taken from each channel before a measurement
result is written to file.
Selecting the BSIC decoding option enables BSIC values and co-channel C/I measurements.
BSIC threshold defines the minimum BSIC level that the scanner reports.
Select the BCCH C/I option to activate BCCH decoding. Co-channel C/I is also enabled.
Cell information decoding. Mobile Network Code, Mobile Country Code and Cell ID
information can be decoded from BCCH messages.
When the System information decoding option is selected, L3 messages are written in the log
file.
4. Click the Start Recording button
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CPICH Ec/No threshold defines the minimum level for the CPICH Ec/No. If the values are
below the threshold, the pilots are not reported.
Channel style refers to the style of the channel. For UMTS scanners, the options are Narrow
Band (200kHz) and Wide Band (3.84MHz).
Data processing method defines how the scanned data is processed by the scanner. In
aggregate method, the sum of all peak pilot Ec/Io values above the PN threshold is
calculated. If there are no peaks above the PN threshold, value -30 dB is returned for WCDMA.
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Measurement period defines the time in milliseconds for which the scanner measures and then
reports the result. Lengthening the measurement period does not change the time period over
which raw samples are averaged for a measurement result. If the report time is smaller than the
needed averaging time, the measurements will be reported as fast as they can be delivered, but
not more often than the averaging time. If the report time is longer than the needed averaging
time, pauses between measurements will be introduced so that measurements are reported at
the rate requested by the user.
Pilot measurement mode defines the measurement mode for pilot scanning.
In High speed mode scanning speed is higher but sensitivity is lower. In high speed mode,
weak pilots may be undetected.
In High dynamic range mode scanning speed is lower but sensitivity is higher.
Top-N option enables/disables Top-N scrambling code scanning. If enabled, scanner will report
results from N best scrambling codes. Number of pilots field defines how many pilots are
reported by scanner in Top-N mode. The maximum number is 32.
Cell information decoding. Mobile Network Code, Mobile Country Code and Cell ID
information can be decoded from BCCH messages. Note that this is only enabled in online
mode and if the option has been purchased with the scanner.
Delay spread defines if the selected scanner will also measure the delay spread value (in
chips) for each scanned scrambling code. Delay spread is determined as the difference
between the last and first component to break the threshold set in PN Threshold.
When the Neighbor list decoding option is selected, the NLIST (neighbor list) event is written
in the log file for WCDMA.
P-SCH defines if the selected scanner will measure the P-SCH Ec/N0 value for each scrambling
code.
S-SCH defines if the selected scanner will measure the S-SCH Ec/N0 value for each scrambling
code.
When the System information decoding option is selected, L3 messages are written in the log
file.
The Top-N Configuration button will open the Select Channels dialog where you can select
channels for pilot scanning.
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To select channels:
1. In the Measurement Properties, Pilot scanning, UMTS page, click the Top-N
Configuration button. The Select Channels dialog is opened.
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Note that the EVDO measurements can only be performed in a proper way when a
CDMA2000 channel is measured as well. In this way, the time relationship between the
different PN offsets is resolved.
1. Open the Measurement Properties dialog by selecting Measurement | <device> | General
Properties.
2. In the Measurement Properties dialog, go to the Pilot scanning, CDMA page.
Channel style refers to the style of the channel. For UMTS scanners, the options are Narrow
Band (200kHz) and Wide Band (3.84MHz).
Correlator affects how the scanner works. Bigger correlator size enables the scanner to detect
and measure pilot channels with better dynamic but makes scanning speed slower. For
example, when using correlator size 2048 versus 512, the dynamic range for pilot measurement
changes from 21db to 17db.
Data processing method defines how the scanned data is processed by the scanner. In
aggregate method, the sum of all peak pilot Ec/Io values above the PN threshold is
calculated. If there are no peaks above the PN threshold, value -30 dB is returned for WCDMA.
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Pilot Ec/I0 threshold defines the threshold level for the pilot Ec/I0. If the values are below the
threshold, the pilots are not scanned.
Pilot increment defines an increment value that the pilot numbers use. If the increment is 4, the
valid pilot numbers are 0, 4, 8, etc. The handler uses this configuration value to modify incorrect
pilot numbers detected by the scanner, usually off by one which is caused by a multipath signal
or a long distance to the BTS.
Top-N mode option enables/disables TOP-N scrambling code scanning. Number of pilots field
defines how many pilots are reported by the scanner in TOP-N mode.
The Top-N Configuration button will open the Select Channels dialog where you can select
channels for pilot scanning.
Note that the Nemo FSR1 scanner supports a max of 90 cell IDs.
1. After making the appropriate settings, click OK and OK again and go to online mode to start
the scanning.
2. A green light on the scanner Device Status window should start blinking. This means that the
device is working properly and scanning using the default settings. In TOP-N Mode this may
take a few seconds.
3. Click the Start Recording button
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Data processing method defines how the scanned data is processed by the scanner. In
aggregate method, the sum of all peak pilot Ec/Io values above the PN threshold is
calculated. If there are no peaks above the PN threshold, value -30 dB is returned for WCDMA.
Measurement period defines the time in milliseconds for which the scanner measures and then
reports the result. Lengthening the measurement period does not change the time period over
which raw samples are averaged for a measurement result. If the report time is smaller than the
needed averaging time, the measurements will be reported as fast as they can be delivered, but
not more often than the averaging time. If the report time is longer than the needed averaging
time, pauses between measurements will be introduced so that measurements are reported at
the rate requested by the user.
CINR refers to the Carrier to Interference and Noise ratio value, in dB *100 (e.g., -16.34). It is
based on the requested reuse factor.
Time offset refers to the number of samples between P-SCH Primary Synchronization Signal
arrival time with respect to receiver frequency reference that is derived from GPS reference
time.
Delay spread defines if the selected scanner will also measure the delay spread value (in
chips) for each scanned scrambling code. Delay spread is determined as the difference
between the last and first component to break the threshold set in PN Threshold.
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Sync signal refers to the ratio between the synchronization channel, i.e., primary and
secondary signal received power and the interference and noise from the same synchronization
signal set.
Reference signal refers to the ratio between the reference signal received power (RSRP) and
the interference and noise from the same reference signal set.
When the System information decoding option is selected, L3 messages are written in the log
file.
The Select Channels button will open the Select Channels dialog where you can select
channels for pilot scanning.
When you select LTE channels, you can also define some channel-specific settings. In the LTE
Channel Specific Settings dialog, select the channel from the Selected channels list and
define the settings.
Channel style refers to the bandwidth of the channel. Supported in Nemo FSR1 firmware 4.0
onwards.
Cyclic prefix defines the type of signal the scanner is set to measure. With Autodetect
selected, the scanner will automatically detect the appropriate signal type. If Cyclic Prefix is
known to be Normal (most common), setting the scanner to Normal will increase scanning
speed slightly.
Uplink-downlink configuration refers to LTE TDD frame structure.
Frame structure type 2 is applicable to TDD. Each radio frame of length Tf = 307200 Ts = 10 ms
consists of two half-frames of length 153600 Ts = 5 ms each. Each half-frame consists of five
subframes of length 30720 Ts = 1 ms . The supported uplink-downlink configurations are listed in
the table below where, for each subframe in a radio frame, D denotes the subframe is
reserved for downlink transmissions, U denotes the subframe is reserved for uplink
transmissions and S denotes a special subframe with the three fields DwPTS, GP and UpPTS.
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One slot,
Tslot=15360Ts
30720Ts
Subframe #0
Subframe #2
One
subframe,
30720Ts
DwPTS
GP
Subframe #3
Subframe #4
Subframe #5
UpPT
S
Subframe #7
DwPTS
GP
Subframe #8
Subframe #9
UpPT
S
Downlink-to-Uplink
Switch-point periodicity
5 ms
5 ms
5 ms
10 ms
10 ms
10 ms
5 ms
0
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
1
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Subframe number
3 4 5 6 7
U U D S U
U D D S U
D D D S U
U U D D D
U D D D D
D D D D D
U U D S U
8
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
9
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
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Number of data points and scanning rates are shown in the table below.
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3. Define the start and stop frequencies within which the measurement will be performed. If
you manually define the start and stop frequencies, you can either select to add the
frequencies to the scanning list or save them as a predefined set. Select your option in the
Add to scanning list menu.
4. Select Set center frequency and bandwidth to define the center frequency and the
bandwidth to be measured. If you manually define the center frequency and bandwidth, you
can either select to add them to the scanning list, or save them as a predefined set. Select
your option in the Add to scanning list menu.
If the requested frequency range is not supported by the device, Nemo Outdoor
automatically adjusts the frequency range for the device, and only frequency ranges
supported by the scanning receiver are used to perform spectrum analyzer
measurements.
Based on the start and stop frequency and the number of samples (points), Nemo
Outdoor calculates the correct resolution bandwidth (RBW). It should be noted that
resolution bandwidths with Nemo FSR1 scanners are fixed. The currently supported
values are: 1875, 3750, 7500, 15000, 30000, 60000 and 120000 Hz. Nemo Outdoor
automatically selects the closest RBW to be used. For example, if the calculated RBW
were to be 4000 kHz, RBW 3750 kHz would be selected for use. The used RBW value can
be seen in the measurement file.
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5. You can add scanning sets in the Predefined scanning sets field through the Add to
Scanning List button. Click the arrow in the button and select Save as Predefined Set.
Define a name in the Enter Frequency Set Name field and click OK.
6. The name appears in the Predefined scanning sets field along with the chosen frequency
and/or bandwidth information selected in the Reporting field.
7. After making the appropriate settings, click OK and OK again and go to online mode to start
the scanning.
8. A green light on the scanner Device Status window should start blinking. This means that the
device is working properly and scanning using the default settings.
9. Click the Start Recording button
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BAND SCAN
With the Nemo FSR1 scanner you can perform band scanning. All specified channels are
scanned for the selected band and technology and the strongest measured identifiers (CDMA
PN, EVDO PN, WCDMA SC, LTE Cell ID) for every valid channel of that technology type are
reported. Signal strength and signal quality are reported for each identified channel. This feature
is useful in areas where broadcasted technologies and bands are unknown.
1. To start a band scan, right click the Nemo FSR1 item in the Devices view and select Band
Scan.
2. Available technologies and bands supported by the scanner are shown under Scan
settings. Please note that only licensed technologies (systems) are shown.
3. Select the technologies and bands that you want to be scanned and define the threshold
levels for the parameters available.
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4. Finally press the Start Scan button. With the default threshold values it takes approximately
two minutes and 30 seconds to scan GSM 900, 1800 and WCDMA 2100 bands. The
scanning rate can be increased by adjusting the threshold values.
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5. Scanning results are displayed on the Scan results page. It is possible to save the results
to a text file (.csv).
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In the File field, browse the latest firmware update file (.ffw) and click Update. The update may
take a few minutes. Do not switch off the scanner!
When the update is complete, close the dialog and restart the scanner.
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Please contact Nemo Technical Support (nemosupport@anite.com) and provide the following
information:
You will receive the files needed for the update by email. Create a folder on your PC and save
the files in that folder.
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Right-click on Local Area Connection and select Properties. In the Local Area Connection
Properties dialog, select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and click Properties.
Select Use the following IP address and type in an IP address that is different from that of the
scanner. The IP address should be 192.168.3.xxx where the xxx can be anything else except
250, 251, 252, or 253 because those four IP addresses are reserved for the scanner. Click OK
and Close.
Now connect the FSR1 data cable to your PC and switch on the scanner. Wait until LEDs in the
front panel light up. Launch the FSR1 Firmware Tool (FSR1FirmwareUpdater.exe).
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The utility will automatically detect the scanner and display the IP address of the scanner in the
Unit IP Address field. If the field does not display an IP address, click the small arrow in the
field. The word Scanning appears in the field as the utility scans the IP address within the
range of IP addresses that are accessible according to the TCP/IP property configuration of
your PC. A typical IP address for a direct cable connection to the FSR1 is 192.168.3.100. If the
FSR1 is on a network, the FSR1 may need to be configured according to acceptable IP
addresses for that network.
Once the field displays the IP address of your scanner, click on Connect. A list of FSR1
information is displayed.
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Updating Firmware
Click on Update Firmware and browse to the folder where you have the .ffw file. Select the file
and click OK.
Click OK. It is important NOT to disconnect or power cycle the scanner during the firmware
update.
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Once you see the Firmware update completed successfully message, you can power cycle
the scanner.
When you recycle power to the scanner and connect again, the FSR1 information should
display new version numbers for the irx.probe, irx.8xx, and irx.fpga files.
Updating Licenses
To update licenses for the scanner, click on Update Licenses. Browse to the folder where you
have the license file (.lic) and click OK.
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Click OK. It is important not to disconnect or power cycle the scanner during the license update.
Once you see the Firmware update completed successfully message, you can power recycle
the scanner. When you recycle power to the scanner and connect again, press the FSR1 Info
button. The FSR1 information should display the new version number for the .lic file.
Furthermore, under FSR1 capabilities are listed all supported bands and technologies.
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Test passed
Calibration warning
No action required. Indicates that there are no known issues with receiver/down
converter module calibration.
Measured noise level indicates that the down converter is functioning but may
be at or approaching calibration limits. Recommended that the down converter is
calibrated as soon as possible. Please contact Nemo helpdesk or local sales
representative to arrange re-calibration.
Test failure
Measured noise levels are significantly out of range and down converter is not
functioning correctly. Recommended that the down converter be returned
immediately for factory assessment, potential repair, and calibration. Please
contact Nemo helpdesk or local sales representative to arrange service for the
unit.
Because the self-test feature tests most functions of the scanner, a failure or warning from the
self-test can be caused by components of the front-end or the base unit. While in the field, the
following tests are recommended to help narrow down the search for the root cause:
1. Power-cycle the Nemo FSR1 scanner (turn it off for 5 seconds, then back on). See if the
problem remains.
2. Try the front-end in the other slot of the same scanner base. If the self-test passes with the
front-end in one slot of the scanner but fails in the other slot, the scanner base unit is the
possible cause of problems.
3. If possible, try the front-end in a different scanner base unit. If the self-test still fails, the
front-end is the most likely source of the failure. If the receiver passes in another scanner,
the first scanner base unit is likely the cause of the failure.
4. If the base unit is suspect, it should be tested with another front-end installed. If the self-test
still reports a failure, the base unit is most likely the source of failure.
If the return of the equipment is planned, both the scanner base and front-end should be
returned together for troubleshooting and repair. Log the MAC address and serial number of the
base unit and serial number of the front-end and obtain return authorization from Nemo
Helpdesk (nemosupport@anite.com).
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CALIBRATION
All Nemo FSR1 down converters are calibrated by Anite prior delivery. The first re-calibration of
a down converter is 14 months from the initial calibration. Anite recommends re-calibrating
down converters annually. The calibration date reminder in Nemo Outdoor/Invex helps
arranging the re-calibration. Calibration expiration date information is programmed to each
down converter. The Nemo FSR1 handler reads the calibration expiration date information from
the scanner and generates calibration expiration notifications for the user interface. Notification
is displayed once per day when the following number of days to the expiration date is
remaining: 60, 30, 15, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. On the expiration day and every day after that, the
notification is shown every time a measurement is started.
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TROUBLESHOOTING
If a Scanner synchronization failed error message appears in the Output window, the scanner
is working properly, but the scanner did not find strong enough a CPICH in a short time period.
Nevertheless, the measurement will go on normally.
If a Scanner GPS locking failed error message appears in the Output window, the scanner is
working properly, but the scanner GPS has no fix or is not connected. The measurement will go
on normally, but the scanner accuracy is not as good as it is when the scanner GPS has a fix.
If the Nemo FSR1 license information cannot be read by Nemo Outdoor, please check that the
down converter is attached properly. If this does not help, it is possible that the down converter
is damaged. Please contact Anite technical support for further advice.
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