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INTRODUCTION
Jharkhand has been a land of thirty different tribes on the Chota nagpur plateau.
Before British colonization in1870, Jharkhand had an agrarian society.
During the mid 19th century, Jharkhand became a popular summer retreat for the
British.
The state of Jharkhand was also known for its abundance of natural resources,
particularly coal and iron ore.
The abundance of natural resources attracted industry to the region, and after
independence in 1947, a large influx of people from various parts of the country
looking for work occurred.
During early colonization from 1870s till 1940s, a new vernacular architecture
emerged in the region, which is heavily influenced by western ideals.
Keep the sun out in summers to reduce heat gain and glare.
Winter:
Let the winter sun in to reduce heating needs.
Protect from cool winter winds to reduce heating.
Expand use of outdoor spaces during the day.
TRADITIONAL HUTS
The hutments consisted primarily of two distinct cultural spaces.
Primary element is a single interior living space, which may have been sub-divided,
multiplied, or modified.
Second, an external space adjacent to or surrounded by the dwelling was emphasized
by use such as low platforms or verandahs.
An average hut measured approximately 5 to 6 meters (15 to 18 feet) long and 3 to 4
meters (10 to 12 feet) wide.
These huts were arranged in a linear pattern along the main street of a village,
usually amidst a group of bamboo trees.
Open-to-sky courtyard acted a prime space for the house, especially during the day
in winter and in the evenings in summer. Most day to day activities occurred in this
space
Often there was a well in this courtyard that served as the source for water for
drinking, bathing, washing, and cooking.
People used this courtyard to dry clothes, crops, and eatables during the day time.
The aged of the house used this as a rest area, supervising the children at play
HAVELIS (MANSIONS)
These mansions have mimicked English architecture, but this traditional urban
domestic architecture harmonized with the regional climate .
A courtyard is an important feature of these houses.
In these houses, the outdoor space is captured and included in the residential
volume, thus becoming the heart of its Morphology.
Typically the front room of the house was used as a business room for the
merchants where they carried out day-to-day trade.
The courtyard separated the spaces
for outsiders and women
Often a small raised brick platform
with a small tulsi plant (holy
basil) was present and was
incorporated in Morning Prayer
according to religious custom.
1.
2.
In most of the houses, coal and wood were used as fuel for cooking, which created
smoke in the house. To overcome this, in most houses, cooking was also done in the
courtyard whenever possible.
An eave ran along the front facade to shade the entrance. This space was used to
receive visitors. Only the privileged were allowed to sit in the separate living room of
the house.
Rooms were arranged on both sides of the courtyard with a narrow raised verandah in
front.
These houses were built of burnt brick, timber, iron, and lime plaster. Walls were
often massive to allow further construction on the floor above. These thick walls acted
as high thermal mass for the house
roof was finished with lime plaster and brick bat coba which serves as waterproofing.
Havelis had many windows to allow ventilation. These windows have wooden
shutters that were manually operated to control the entry of sun and wind into the
house.
INTRODUCTION
Gondia district (almost on Maharashtra and MP border) is located near Nagpur in
Mahrashtra.
The traditional dwellings situated there, are typical for that region.
The houses varied from small single storied mud structures to three or even more
storied structure in similar pattern.
This is a study of a three
ELEVATION
VILLAGE GATHERINGS
Gatherings of males of the village happened daily in evenings after the days work.
Sometimes small scale social functions also happen here.
This activity is completely public and thus no privacy is required.
LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT
The management of the livestock is mainly carried out by the servants, throughout
the day.
The 1st floor of the shelters is used for storing the fodder for the livestock. An
years supply is stored at one go.
CLIMATE RESPONSIVENESS
The building seems to be built keeping in mind all the seasons, Though it is best
suited for summers.
The upper floors act as false ceiling.
The side passage rooms act as wind channels.
Absence of openings reduces the heat exchange to the minimum.
The roof extends almost a meter beyond the walls, probably to protect the heavy
rainwater from soaking the walls and to provide shade from the sun
Front courtyard faces the north, preventing direct solar rays on the most used part.
The rear verandah can be used much more in winter due to suns southern inclination
Timber framework
Mud walls
KHARADKAR WADA
This Wada was built in 1875 by Shri Karandikar who was a moneylender by profession
and was related to the Peshwas. Kharadkar wada is located in Pune, Maharashtra, in
Budhwar Peth.
The design of a wada was not influenced much by the climatic factors rather it was
influenced more by the social and cultural factors