VALVES are used to control flow, pressure, and direction of

fluid flow.
GATE VALVE it is used when a straight line flow of fluid
and minimum flow restriction are needed.
GLOBE VALVE it is used for on-off service and handles
throttling applications.
NEEDLE VALVE it is used to control flow into delicate
gauges that may be damaged by sudden surges of fluid
under pressure.
BALL VALVE it uses a ball to start or stop the flow of a
fluid.
ANGLE VALVE a valve wherein the fluid leaves at right
angles to the direction in which it enters the valve.
CHECK VALVE it is used to automatically limit the flow
into a single direction.
DIAPHRAGM VALVE used for fluids containing
suspended solids, but limited to low-pressure systems.
PLUG VALVE a valve fitted with a plug that has a hole
through which fluid flow and that is rotatable through
90 for operation in the open or closed position.
RELIEF VALVE it is used to control excess pressure. It
is an automatic valve used on system lines and
equipment to prevent over-pressurization.
BUTTERFLY VALVE it is a valve which can be used for
isolating or regulating flow. The closing mechanism
takes the form of a disk.
3-WAY VALVE it is used to shut off fluid flow in one
pipe while opening fluid flow in another pipe, to mix
fluid from two different pipes into one pipe, or to
separate fluid from one pipe into two different pipes.
MOTOR CONTROLLED VALVE it is an important item of
Plant & Piping system. This valve is of large size and is
used for different applications such as Pump discharge.
It is often called as On-Off valve as the motor serve the

purpose of fully opening or fully closing valves in

pipelines.
FITTINGS permit a change in direction and size of piping.
90 ELBOW allows a 90-degree change in direction.
45 ELBOW allows a 45-degree change in direction.
EQUAL TEE it has three (3) ports having the same
diameter.
REDUCING TEE it has two (2) ports having the same
diameter and one (1) port that can be used to allow
connection to a pipe having smaller diameter.
CROSS TEE it has four (4) ports that enable
connection of pipes.
REDUCING CROSS it has two (2) ports having the
same diameter and two (2) other ports that can be used
to allow connection to pipes having smaller diameter.
WYE (Y) allows one (1) pipe to be joined to another
pipe at a 45-degree angle.
CONCENTRIC REDUCER it joins two pipes of different
sizes with the same centerline.
ECCENTRIC REDUCER it has different size ends that
enable joining of two pipes of different diameters.
SWAGE REDUCER joins two pipes of different sizes.
CAP it is used to close openings. If threaded, it is a
female.
PLUG it is used to close openings with a male thread.
COUPLING it joins two pieces of pipes together.
REDUCING COUPLING a coupling used to connect
pipes with different diameters.
NIPPLE used as an extension for valves and some
other fittings.

 UNION connects two pieces of pipe and allows for

disconnection with no cutting needed.
BUSHING it reduces the sizes of fittings to a smaller
diameter.
WELDOLET used for buttweld branch connection
where standard tee is not available due to size
restrictions and the piping is critical and high-pressure
service connection.
SOCKOLET used for socket welding of a branch
connection.
THREADOLET is a side connection or branch
connection on a piece of pipe. It typically is in the size
range of to 2 and is welded over a hole either
drilled or burned in the pipe.
CHICAGO FITTING also called a crows foot fitting due
to its shape. It is a one quarter turn fitting used for
attaching pipes together. It is used on both highpressure gas and fluid lines. It has an advantage is that
there is no male and female fitting, both fittings are
identical.
STEAM TRAP traps the condensate in the steam line.
Y-TYPE STRAINER used for trapping large solid
materials and allows liquid to pass through.