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COMPARISON OF CABLES
Vigya
Electrical Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur-208002, UP, India
The useful properties of XLPE are temperature
resistance, pressure resistance (stress rupture resistance),
environmental stress crack resistance (esc), resistance to
u.v light, chemical resistance, oxidation resistance, room
temperature and low temperature properties. The Indian
Standard for the cable is IS:7098(Part-I)-1998 and the
insulation is set by standard IS:8130. XLPE Cables can
be summed up by following points:
1) XLPE cables work for the working voltage of
240 V to 500 KV .
2) Conductor Material can be either Copper or
Aluminium.
3) XLPE cables can be either Single Core cables or
Multi core cables depending upon the number of
cores.
4) They can be Unarmoured or Strip Armoured or
Wire Armoured or
Tape Armoured type
depending upon the presence or absence of
Armour .
5) HT / LT Aerial Bunched Cables
6) The Jacketing Material can be of PVC / Flame
Retardant / Flame Retardant Low Smoke /
Zero Halogen (LSOH).
7) General Applications: Fire Survival, Under Water
Cables, Underground burial, installation on trays
and ducts
I.
INTRODUCTION
B. Polyvinyl chloride
They are commonly abbreviated as PVC, insulated
cables are widely used in various fields. PVC's relatively
low cost, biological and chemical resistance and
workability have resulted in it being used for a wide
variety of applications. For electric cables the PVC is
mixed up with plasticizers. Low voltage copper
conductor PVC cables are extensively used for domestic
home appliances wiring, house wiring and internal wiring
for lighting circuits in factories, power supply for office
automation, in control, instrumentation, submarine,
mining, ship wiring applications etc. due to its high
tensile strength, superior conductivity, better flexibility
and ease of jointing. PVC CABLES
1) Power Cables upto 1.1 KV
2) Control Cables upto 61 Cores
3) Railways Signalling & Auto Cables
4) Screened instrumentation Cables
5) House wiring and Flexible cables
6) Flat Cables for submercible pumps
7) Airport lighting and mining cables.
8) FRLS / FR / HR / Fire Survival Cable
T YPES OF C ABLES
A. Cross-linked polyethylene
They are commonly abbreviated as PEX or XLPE, and
is a form of polyethylene with cross links. The creation
of direct links or bonds between the carbon backbones of
individual polyethylene chains forms the cross linked
polyethylene structure. The result of this linkage is to
restrict movement of the polyethylene chains relative to
each other, so that when heat or other forms of energy are
applied the basic network structure cannot deform and
the excellent properties that polyethylene has at room
temperature are retained at higher temperatures. The
cross linking of the molecules also has the effect of
enhancing room temperature properties.
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C. Insulation
This will be an extruded layer of XLPE or Elastomer
or Rubber or PVC applied over conductor screen under
triple extrusion process along with conductor screen and
insulation screen.
G. Armouring
In case of armoured cables, the armour is applied
helically over inner sheath. For single core cables, it is of
aluminium wires and for multi-core cables, the armour
can be of one among the following options:
1) Galvanized steel wire.
2) Galvanized steel strip.
3) Any metallic non-magnetic wire/strip.
III.
D. Insulation Screen
This will be a layer of semi-conducting cross-linkable
compound which will be applied by triple extrusion
process over the insulation.
E. Metallic Screen
It consists of a layer of copper tape applied helically
with overlap over insulation screen. Other combinations
of metallic screens as per customers requirement can
also be provided on request.
F. Laying-Up
In case of three core cables, the three cores are laid up
with non-hygroscopic fillers like polypropylene(PP)
fillers at interstices and a binder tape is applied with an
overlap. These binder tapes can be of PVC or foamed
Polyethylene. Inner Sheath (Bedding) for Armoured
Cables. Extruded layer of PVC or PE is applied over the
laid up cores for armoured cables.
H. Oversheath
An extruded layer is applied over the armour in case of
armoured cables and over laid up cores in case of
unarmoured cables. Outer sheath material can be either
PVC, XLPE or PE. Other colours may be provided to suit
a range of installation considerations such as the effect of
UV radiations and differing soil compositions. Antitermite formulations can also be supplied in addition to
graphite-coated oversheaths where on-site testing of the
sheath is required.
C ABLE C ONSTRUCTION
A. Conductors
Either aluminium or copper conductors are used.
Conductors up to 800mm will be circular, compacted &
stranded. 1000mm conductor will be circular stranded
type on which a layer of semi-conducting tape will be
applied.
B. Conductor Screen
This will be an extruded layer of semi-conducting
cross-linkable compound applied under simultaneous
triple extrusion process over the conductor along with the
insulation and the insulation screen. The triple extrusion
is a single high precision operation that eliminates the
possibility of any contamination between the layers
which could create irregularities in the electrical field. By
careful material selection and special attention to process
parameters, the insulation screen layers must have the
required degree of stripping force as stipulated by the
applicable national or international standard.
IV.
COMPARISON O F C ABLES
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CONCLUSION
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