Design of Crane Track Girders

Design and Behavior of Steel Structures
8- DESIGN OF LATERALLY UNSUPORTED BEAMS

APPLICATION ON CRANE TRACK GIRDERS
8.1 GENERAL
The function of the crane girders is to support the rails on which the
traveling cranes move. These are subjected to vertical loads from crane,
horizontal lateral loads due to surge of the crane, that is, the effect of
acceleration and braking of the loaded crab and swinging of the
suspended load in the transverse direction, and longitudinal force due to
acceleration and braking of the crane as a whole. In addition to the weight
of the crane, impact and horizontal surge must be considered. Vertical
load, of course, includes the additional load due to impact.
The crane girder spans from column to column, usually having no lateral
support at intermediate points excepting when a walkway is formed at the
top level of the girder which restrains the girder from lateral bending.
Thus, under normal circumstances, the crane girder must be designed as
laterally unsupported beam carrying vertical and horizontal load at the
level of the top flange. Apparently a girder with heavier and wider
compression flange is more economic. Figure (8-1) shows some typical
sections adopted for crane girders an elevation of a portal frame
supporting an overhead crane, while Figure (8-2) shown some typical
cross-sections used in the design of crane girders.
Generally, the vertical wheel loads of the overhead vrane are increased by
considering a dynamic coefficient equal to 25% for electrically operated
cranes and 10% for manually operated cranes. The value of the
transverse lateral shock is considered 10% of vertical wheel loads without
impact. Braking force (in longitudinal direction) is considered 1/7 of wheel
loads.
For simplicity, the major axis bending moment is considered to be resisted
by the whole cross-section, while the lateral bending moment (from lateral
shock) is considered to be resisted by the compression flange only.
Prof. Ahmed Abdelsalam El-Serwi
Figure (8-1) Overhead Crane
Figure (8-2) Sections Used in Crane Girders

8.2 LOADS AFFECTING THE CRANE TRACK GIRDER
The loads affecting the crane track girders are the following loads:
1. The vertical loads from the crane bridge (Wheel Loads) which
include the crane load, the bridge own weight, the trolley, etc..
2. The dynamic effect of the moving loads which is included in the
dynamic magnification factor (In the Egyptian Code of of Calculation
of Loads and Forces Structures and Buildings, Impact Factor is
considered 25% in case of electrical cranes and 10% in case
ofmanual cranes)
3. Horizontal transverse loads due to the lateral shock of the crane
acting at the top level of the rail and is equal to 10 % of the wheel
loads without impact.
4. Horizontal longitudinal force along the rail due to brakes and is
equal to 1/7 of the wheel loads without impact (to be neglected in
the crane girder design and to be considered in the bracing and
column design).
Crane loads are usually defined by the crane designer (mechanical
part) where the wheel loads are given as two moving vertical loads
along the span of the crane girder with a fixed spacing between the two
loads. This spacing depends on the crane capacity and span of the
frame, which the crane serves. A set of cases of loading is used to get
the case of maximum moment and maximum shear affecting the crane
track girder.
Figure (8-3) Loads Affecting Crane Girders
Figure (8-4) Loads and Statical System of Crane Girders

When considering the lateral shock in the design, the allowable stress
should be increased by 20% (Case II). Dynamic effect (Impact) should
be considered as primary (case I) load.
8.3 CHECK OF CRANE TRACK GIRDER

The following checks must be done for the crane track girder:
8.3.1 Check of Flexure stress:
The section must be checked to resist the bending moment affecting
the carane girder. The lower flange is checked to resist the bending
moment from dead load, vertical wheel load in addition to impact
"MD+L+I" (MX). The upper flange is checked under the effect of "M D+L+I"
(MX) in addition to the bending moment resulting from the lateral shock
(My). The stresses affecting the lower flange are considered case I and
the stresses affecting the upper flange are considered case II.
8.3.2 Check of Shear stress:
The section must be checked to resist the maximum shear force
affecting the crane girder (QD+L+I).
8.3.3 Check of Crippling stress:
The web of the section must be checked to resist shear stresses
resulting from the direct wheel load as mentioned in lecture 2.
8.3.4 Check of Deflection:
The deflection of the crane girder due to live load only (without impact)
shall not exceed the values given in the Egyptian code of practice
(span/800).
8.3.5 Check of Fatigue Stresses:
The structural members subjected to repeated fluculations of stresses
shall be checked according to the Egyptian code of practioce, chapter
3.
The following definitions are important to start the fatigue study:
Fatigue: Damage in a structural member the gradual crack

propagation caused by repeated stress fluculations.
Design life: The peiod in which a structure is required to perform

safely with an acceptable propability that it will not fail or require
repair.
Stress range: The algebric difference between the extreme values

of stresses due to fatigue loads through standard elastic analysis.
Fatigue strength: The stress range determined from test data for a
given number of stress cycles.
Faqtigue limit: The maximum stress range of constant for constant

amplitude cycles that will not form fatigue crack.
Detail category: The detail take into consideration the type of

member and joint to specify its detail.
How to Calculate fatigue strength "Fsr":

1-From table 3-1c in the Egyptian code of practice, specify the number
of constant stress cycles "N"
2-From table 3.3 in the Egyptian code of practice, specify the detail
category of the used cross-section (foe example rolled sections are
detail category A and welded sections are detail category B)
3- From table 3-2 in the Egyptian code of practice, and using the
previously specified number of constant stress cycles "N" and detail
category, get the allowable stress range "Fsr".
Average Daily
Application for 50
years design life
Field of application
Number of constant
stress cycles "N"
Occasional use
100,000
25
Regular use with

intermittent operation
500,000
100
Regular use with

continuous operation
2,000,000
>100
Sever continuous
operation
According to actual
use
8.4 DESIGN PROCEDURE OF CRANE GIRDERS USING ROLLED

I SECTIONS
1. Calculation of straining actions:
The crane girder is considered as a simple beam of span equal to the
spacing S between the main trusses or frames. The main loads
considered are as follows:
Dead Loads:
The dead load affecting the crane girder
is only the own weight, which is
considered 0.1 t/m to 0.15 t/m.
Get MD.L.=W D.L. x S2/8 = ---m.t.
QD.L. = W D.L. x S/2 =--- ton
Live Loads:
The Live loads affecting the crane girder are two wheel loads.
Get ML.L.max.= ---m.t. &
QL.L.max. =--- ton
Impact
The dynamic coefficient I is considered 25% in case of electrical
cranes and 10% in case of manual cranes.
ML.L+I.= ML.L.max x (1+I)= ---m.t.
QL.L.+I = QL.L.max. x(1+I)= --- ton
Lateral Shock
The lateral shock is considered 0.1 of maximim wheel loads (without
impact), so it causes bending moment My equal to 0.1 ML.L.max
The straining actions affecting the crane girder are as follows:
Mx = MD.L.+ML.L.+I
Qx = QD.L.+QL.L.+I
My = 0.1 ML.L.max
2. Estimation of the cross-section
Assume the section as non-compact (class II) section,

Fb=0.58 Fy =1.40 t/cm2 for steel 37
The crane girder is subjected to bi-axial bending moment, the

following interaction equation is used:
M x / Sx M y / Sy
1.0
Fbcx
Fbcy
Neglecting the effect of My on the stress to eliminate the number of
unknowns and assume Fb = 1.20 t/cm2.
M
M " cm.ton"
Fb x
S x required x
- - - - cm 3
2
1.20t / cm
Sx
From tables, choose suitable wide flanged I-section.

3. Check of the Class of Section:
If :
d w 127
tw
Fy
&
C 16.9
tf
Fy
The cross-section is compact (Class I)
127 d w 190
Fy t w
Fy
If :
&
16.9 C
23

Fy t f
Fy
The cross-section is non-compact (Class II)

If :
&
d w 190
tw
Fy
C
23
tf
Fy
The cross-section is slender (Class III), a new cross-section shall be

chosen.
4. Check of Lateral-Torsional Buckling of Compression Flange
Lu-act=S (cm),
A f b f xt f cm 2
Cb 1.0
Lu max
or Lu max
20b f
Fy
cm
1380 A f
dFy
Cb cm
Lu max is the minimum of the two calculated values.
If Lu act Lu max
Fbcx 0.64Fy ( in case of class I section )

10
Fcbx 0.58Fy ( in case of class II section )
If Lu act Lu max Calculate Fltb
AT = bf x tf + (dw /6) x tw =
Iy tf .
rT
(I)
b 3f
Iy
AT
12
cm 4
cm
Fltb1
(II)When
---- cm2
800
Cb 0.58 Fy
Lu .d / A f
Lu
C
84 b
rT
Fy
C
L
C
When 84 b u 188 b
Fy
rT
Fy
When
Lu
C
188 b
rT
Fy
Fltb2 0.58 Fy
Fltb2 ( 0.64
Fltb2
( Lu / rT )2 Fy
1.176 x10 5 Cb
)F y 0.58 Fy
12000
Cb 0.58 Fy
( Lu / rT )
Fltb Fltb1 Fltb2

5. Check of Stresses
Flexure stresses:
It is considered that the bending oment Mx
is resisted by the whole section and My is
resisted by the upper flange only. Flexure
stresses must be checked at point "1" at the
bottom flange (resisting Mx only) and point
"2" at top flange (resisting Mx and My). Straining actions affecting point
11
"1" are considered of case of loading "I" while straining actions affecting
point "2" are considered of case "II" of loading (allowable stresses are
increased by 20%).
a.
f1
M x ( cm.t .)
t / cm 2 0.64 Fy ( compact sections)
Sx
0.58 Fy ( non - compact sections)
b. Check the stresses in point 2:
M x / S x M y /( S y / 2)
1.0 x1.20 (Compact sections and Lu-act <Lu-max)

0.64 Fy
0.72 Fy
M x / S x M y /( S y / 2)
1.0 x1.20 (Non-compact sections and Lu-act <Lu0.58Fy

0.58Fy
max)
12
M x / S x M y /( S y / 2)
1.0 x1.20 (Lu-act >Lu-max)

Fltb
0.58Fy
Crippling stresse:
Calculate the actual crippling stress using n = 10 cm and make sure
that this stress does not exceed the allowable crippling stress given by
code "Fcrp = 0.75 Fy"
Fatigue stresse:
f sr
M max M min M D L I M D
t / cm 2 Fsr
Sx
Sx
Shear stresses:
Qmax
t / cm 2 0.35 Fy
dxt w
Deflection:
The deflection due to live load (without impact) shall be calculated and
compared with the values given in code:
L .L
S
800
13
Example 1
Design a crane girder supporting a crane of capacity 10 tons using HEB
section. The maximum reactions of the crane are two loads 8.5 tons
each and spaced 3.0 m. Spacing between main columns is 6.0 m.
(Consider the dynamic coefficient I =25% and the lateral shock =
10%)
Solution:
1-
Calculation of the maximum straining actions:

Dead Loads:
Assume dead load affecting the
crane girder =0.15 t/m.
Get MD.L.=0.15 x 62/8 = 0.675 m.t.
QD.L. = 0.15 x 6/2 =0.45 ton
Live Loads:
The Live loads affecting the crane girder are two wheel loads.
14
Get ML.L.max.= 14.34 m.t.

QL.L.max. = 12.75 ton
ML.L+I.= ML.L.max x (1+I)= 14.34 x (1+0.25) = 17.925 m.t.
QL.L.+I = QL.L.max. x(1+I)= 12.75 x (1+0.25) = 15.938 ton
Mx = MD.L.+ML.L.+I = 0.675 + 17.925 = 18.6 m.t.
Qx = QD.L.+QL.L.+I = 0.45 + 15.93 = 16.38 t
My = 0.1 ML.L.max
= 0.1 x 14.34 = 1.434 m.t.
2. Estimation of the cross-section:
Assume the section as non-compact (class II) section, Fb=0.58

Fy =1.40 t/cm2 for steel 37
Neglecting the effect of My on the stress to eliminate the number

of unknowns and assume Fb = 1.20 t/cm2.
Fb
Mx
Sx
Sx
18.6 x100
1550 cm 3
1.20t / cm 2
From tables, choose HEB 300 (Sx=1680 cm3)
If :
d w 208
127
18.9
81.9
tw
11
Fy
15
&
C ( 30 1.1 ) / 2
16.9
7.6
10.9
tf
1.9
Fy

4. Check of the Lateral-Torsional buckling:
Lu-act=600 cm,
A f b f xt f 30 x1.9 57 cm 2
Cb 1.0
Lu max
or Lu max
20b f
Fy
20 x30
387.3cm
2.4
1380 A f
dFy
Cb
1380 x57
x1.0 1092.5cm
30 x 2.4
Lu max is 387.3 cm
Lu act Lu max
AT = bf x tf + (dw /6) x tw = 30x1.9+4.367x1.1=61.8 cm2
b 3f
30 3
I y t f . 1.9.
4275cm 4
12
12
rT
Fltb1
Iy
AT
4275
8.317 cm
61.8
800
800
Cb
1.0 2.75t / cm 2 0.58Fy
Lu .d / A f
600 x30 / 61.8
16
No need to calculate Fltb2 because Fltb1 governs the design (taken 0.58
Fy)
Flexure stresses:
Check the stresses at point 1
M
18.60 x100
f1 x
1.107 t/cm2 <0.58 Fy =1.40 t/cm2
Sx
1680
Check the stresses at point 2:
M x / S x M y /( S y / 2) 18.6 x100 / 1680 1.43x100 /( 0.5 x571)
Fltb
0.58Fy
1.4
1.4
1.15 1.0 x1.20 O.K.
Fatigue stress:
From table 3.1c and considering the regular use with continuous
operation, N=2,000,000
From table 3.3 the detail category of the rolled section is A
From table 3.2, the allowable fatigue strength "Fsr" is 1.68 t/cm2
f sr
M D L I M D (18.6 0.675) x100
1.066 t/cm 2 1.68 t / cm 2

Sx
1680
O.K.
Crippling stress:
The crippling stress affecrting the web of the HEB 300 is calculated as
follows:
f crpa
R
8.5
0.48 t/cm 2 0.75 x 2.4 1.8 t / cm 2

(n 2 K ) xt w (10 2 x3) x1.1
O.K.
17
Shear stresses:
Qmax 16.38
0.496 t / cm 2 0.35 Fy 0.84t / cm 2 o.k.

dxt w 30 x1.1
Deflection:
52.59 x10 6
L .L
0.995cm
2100 x 25170
600
0.75cm Unsafe
800
Use HEB 340 and check deflection again,
L .L
52.59 x10 6
0.683cm
2100 x36660
600
0.75cm
800
8.5
DESIGN
safe
PROCEDURE
OF
CRANE
GIRDERS
USING
18
UNSYMMETRICAL (BUILT-UP SECTION)

1. Calculation of straining actions:
The straining actions are calculated using the same steps previously
discussed in section 5.8.3.
Mx = MD.L.+ML.L.+I
Qx = QD.L.+QL.L.+I
My = 0.1 ML.L.max
2. Estimation of the cross-section:

Neglecting the effect of My on the stress to eliminate the

number of unknowns and assume Fb = 1.20 t/cm2.
S
S
Assume hw
according to crane capacity (see
10
15
section 12-4),
tw
Qmax
cm
hw .( 0.35 Fy )
Noting that t w
hw
(section 12-4)
( 830 / Fy )
The tensile force in the lower flange T and the compressive

force in the upper flange C are calculated as follows:
T C
M x (cm.t )
----- ton
0.98hw
19
The area of one flange is then calculated:
A fl
TorC
2
------- cm
2
1.2t / cm
The total area of the two flanges is 2 x

Afl
The area of the upper flange is

assumed 2/3 of the total area of the
two flanges and the area of the lower
flange is assumed 1/3 of the total
flange area.
2
Au fl .2 xA fl
3
1
Al fl .2 xA fl
3
Assume bf /tf =15-20
Au-fl = (20 tf x tf )
Get bf and tf
The cross-section is as shown in figure.
If :
&
d w 127
tw
Fy
C 16.9
tf
Fy
20
If :
127 d w 190
Fy t w
Fy
&
16.9 C
23

Fy t f
Fy
The cross-section is non-compact (Class II)

If :
d w 190
tw
Fy
&
C
23
tf
Fy
The cross-section is slender (Class III), a new cross-section shall be

chosen.
4. Check the Lateral-Torsional Buckling of Compression

Flange
For the estimated cross-section shown in figure, calculate the following
properties:
Area= ---- cm2,
Y ------cm
Ix = ------cm4
Iy-upper flange =-------cm4
Lu-act=S (cm),
21
Au-fl= bu x tu = ----- cm2
Cb 1.0
or
Lu max
20bu
Lu max
1380 Au fl
Fy
cm
dFy
Cb cm
Lu max is the minimum of the two calculated values.

If Lu act Lu max
Fbcx 0.64Fy ( in case of section class I)

Fbcx 0.58Fy ( in case of section class II)
If Luact Lu max Calculate Fltb
AT = bu x tu +dwxtw/6=
Iy tf .
rT
(I)
b 3f
12
Iy
AT
cm 4
cm
Fltb1
(II)When
---- cm2
800
Cb 0.58Fy
Lu .d / AT
Lu
C
84 b
rT
Fy
Fltb 2 0.58Fy
22
When 84
When
Cb Lu
C
188 b
Fy
rT
Fy
Fltb 2 (0.64
Lu
C
188 b
rT
Fy
Fltb 2
( Lu / rT ) 2 Fy
1.176 x10 5 Cb
) Fy 0.58Fy
12000
Cb 0.58Fy
( Lu / rT )
Fltb Fltb2 1 Fltb2 2 t / cm 2 0.58 Fy

Flexure stresses:
a. Check of stresses in point "1"
0.64 Fy (Compact Sections)
M
f1 x Y ------ t/cm2
0.58Fy (Non - Compact Sections)
Ix
b. Check the stresses in point "2":
My
b
Mx
. u
Y
I y upper flange 2
Ix
1.0 x1.20 (Compact Sections and Lu act Lu max )

0.64 Fy
0.72 Fy
My
b
Mx
. u
Y
I y upper flange 2
Ix
1.0 x1.20
0.58Fy
0.58Fy
(Non - Compact Sections and Lu act Lu max )
My
b
Mx
. u
Y
I y upper flange 2
Ix
1.0 x1.20 ( Lu act Lu max )

f ltb
0.58Fy
Crippling stresse:
23
Calculate the actual crippling stress using n = 10 cm and make sure

that this stress does not exceed the allowable crippling stress given by
code "Fcrp = 0.75 Fy"
Fatigue stresse:
f sr
M max M min M D L I M D
t / cm 2 Fsr
Sx
Sx
Shear stresses:
Q
q max ---- t/cm2 qb
d w xt w
d
105
qb 0.35Fy t/cm2
For w
tw
Fy
159
For
Fy
d w 105
tw
Fy
qb [ 1.5
( hw / t w ) Fy
212
][ 0.35Fy ] 0.35Fy
t/cm2
For
d w 159
tw
Fy
qb
119
( hw / t w ) Fy
][ 0.35Fy ] 0.35Fy
t/cm2
Deflection:
L .L
S
800
24
Example 2
Design a crane girder supporting a crane of capacity 10 tons using a
built-up section. The maximum reactions of the crane are two loads 8.5
tons each and spaced 3.0 m. Spacing between main columns is 6.0 m.
(Consider the dynamic coefficient I =25% and the lateral shock =
10%)
Solution:
1. Calculation of the maximum straining actions is the same as in
example 1
Mx = MD.L.+ML.L.+I = 0.675 + 17.925 = 18.6 m.t.
Qx = QD.L.+QL.L.+I = 0.45 + 15.93 = 16.38 t
My = 0.1 ML.L.max
= 0.1 x 14.34 = 1.434 m.t.
2. Estimation of the cross-section

Neglecting the effect of My on the stress to eliminate the

number of unknowns and assume Fb = 1.20 t/cm2.
Assume dw= 40 cm (S/15)

Q
16.38
tw
0.49cm taken 8 mm
d w x0.35Fy 40 x0.35 x 2.4
d w 40
830 830
50
345.8
t w 0.8
Fy
2.4
T C
O.K.
Mx
18.60 x100
47.45 ton
0.98d w
0.98 x 40
25
T
47.45
2
39.54 cm
1.20
1.2
Total area of the two flanges=2x39.54=79.08 cm 2
2
2
Au fl x79.08 52.72 cm = 20t 2f
3
t f 52.72 / 20 1.623 cm taken 16 mm
A fl
52.72
33.0 cm
1.6
The upper flange 330x16
bf
The lower flange 165x16

3. Check of the Class of Section
d w 400
127
50
81.9
tw
8
Fy
C (33 0.8) / 2
16.9
10.06
10.9
tf
1.6
Fy
The cross-section is compact (class I)
4. Check of Lateral-Tortional Buckling of Compression Flange

A 33x1.6 16.5x1.6 40 x0.8 111.2 cm
16.5 x1.6 x0.8 33x1.6 x(1.6 40 0.8) 40 x0.8 x21.6

26.54 cm
111.2
26
40 3
0.8 x 40 x(26.54 21.6) 2 16.5 x1.6 x(26.54 0.8) 2
12
33x1.6 x(43.2 26.54 0.8) 2 35765.8 cm 4
I x 0.8 x
333
4
I y upperfl 1.6 x
4791.6 cm
12
Lu act 600 cm
A fl 33x1.6 52.8 cm2
Cb 1.0
or
Lu max
20bu f
Lu max
1380 A f
Fy
dFy
20 x33
2.4
Cb
426 cm
1380 x52.8
1.0 759 cm
40 x 2.4
Lu max 426 cm
Lu act Lu max
rT
I y upperflange
A fl
4791.6
9.52 cm
52.8
AT = 33x1.6+40x0.8/6 = 58.13 cm2

Fltb I
800
800
Cb
1.0 1.937 t/cm2 >0.58 Fy
Lu .d / AT
600.40 / 58.13
No need to calculate Fltb-II because Fltb-I governes the design (taken

0.58 Fy)
27
Flexure Stress
At point 1:
f1
Mx
18.60 x100
.Y
.26.54 1.38 t/cm2 <0.58 Fy = 1.40 t/cm2
Ix
35765.8
At point 2:
My
b fu fl
Mx
18.60 x100
1.434 x100 33
.
Y
16
.
66
.
I y upper flange 2
Ix
35765
.
8
4791
.
6
2
0.58Fy
0.58Fy
1.4
1.4
0.97 1.0 x1.20
Fatigue stress:
From table 3.1c and considering the regular use with continuous
operation, N=2,000,000
From table 3.3 the detail category of the rolled section is B
From table 3.2, the allowable fatigue strength "Fsr" is 1.26 t/cm2
M D L I M D
(18.6 0.675) x100
y
26.54 1.33 t/cm 2 1.26 t / cm 2
Ix
35765.8
The section is unsafe
f sr
Use larger section

Web 400x8
Upper flange 360x16
Lower flange 180x16
Ix= 38616 cm4 Iy = 6220 cm4
28
f sr
M D L I M D
(18.6 0.675) x100
y
26.7 1.24 t/cm 2 1.26 t / cm 2
Ix
38616
Crippling stress:
The crippling stress affecrting the web of the HEB 300 is calculated as
follows:
f crpa
R
8.5
0.74 t/cm 2 0.75 x2.4 1.8 t / cm 2

(n 2 K ) xt w (10 2 x2.2) x0.8
O.K.
Shear Stress
d w 40
105
105
50
67.7 qb 0.35Fy
t w 0.8
Fy
2.4
Qmax
16.38
0.511 t/cm2 <0.35 Fy 0.84 t/cm2

d w .t w 40 x0.8
deflection:
L. L
52.59 x10 6
600
0.65cm
0.75cm
2100 x38616
800
O.K.
29
8.6 DESIGN OF MONORAIL BEAMS SUPPORTING CRANES
Monorail
Monorail beams are the beams supporting a moving hoist load over its
lower flange. The beam is designed to resist a mojor axis bending
moment "Mx" from the dead load, live load and impact affecting the
whole section, a minor axis bending moment "My" from the lateral
shock affecting the lower flange only in addition to the shear. The
monorail beam itself is supported below the roof by bolts subjected to
tensile forces.
30

Design of Crane Track Girders

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Design of Crane Track Girders

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Design and Behavior of Steel Structures

8- DESIGN OF LATERALLY UNSUPORTED BEAMS

Design and Behavior of Steel Structures

Figure (8-1) Overhead Crane

Prof. Ahmed Abdelsalam El-Serwi

Design and Behavior of Steel Structures

Figure (8-2) Sections Used in Crane Girders

Design and Behavior of Steel Structures

Figure (8-3) Loads Affecting Crane Girders

Figure (8-4) Loads and Statical System of Crane Girders

Design and Behavior of Steel Structures

8.3 CHECK OF CRANE TRACK GIRDER

Design and Behavior of Steel Structures

The following definitions are important to start the fatigue study:

Fatigue: Damage in a structural member the gradual crack

Design life: The peiod in which a structure is required to perform

Stress range: The algebric difference between the extreme values

Faqtigue limit: The maximum stress range of constant for constant

Detail category: The detail take into consideration the type of

How to Calculate fatigue strength "Fsr":

Prof. Ahmed Abdelsalam El-Serwi

Design and Behavior of Steel Structures

Regular use with

Regular use with

8.4 DESIGN PROCEDURE OF CRANE GIRDERS USING ROLLED

Prof. Ahmed Abdelsalam El-Serwi

Design and Behavior of Steel Structures

Get ML.L.max.= ---m.t. &

QL.L.max. =--- ton

Design and Behavior of Steel Structures

Assume the section as non-compact (class II) section,

The crane girder is subjected to bi-axial bending moment, the

From tables, choose suitable wide flanged I-section.

The cross-section is compact (Class I)

Prof. Ahmed Abdelsalam El-Serwi

Design and Behavior of Steel Structures

The cross-section is non-compact (Class II)

The cross-section is slender (Class III), a new cross-section shall be

Lu max is the minimum of the two calculated values.

Fbcx 0.64Fy ( in case of class I section )

Design and Behavior of Steel Structures

Fcbx 0.58Fy ( in case of class II section )

If Lu act Lu max Calculate Fltb

Fltb Fltb1 Fltb2

Design and Behavior of Steel Structures

b. Check the stresses in point 2:

1.0 x1.20 (Compact sections and Lu-act <Lu-max)

1.0 x1.20 (Non-compact sections and Lu-act <Lu0.58Fy

Prof. Ahmed Abdelsalam El-Serwi

Design and Behavior of Steel Structures

1.0 x1.20 (Lu-act >Lu-max)

Prof. Ahmed Abdelsalam El-Serwi

Design and Behavior of Steel Structures

Calculation of the maximum straining actions:

Prof. Ahmed Abdelsalam El-Serwi

Design and Behavior of Steel Structures

Get ML.L.max.= 14.34 m.t.

= 0.1 x 14.34 = 1.434 m.t.

2. Estimation of the cross-section:

Assume the section as non-compact (class II) section, Fb=0.58

Neglecting the effect of My on the stress to eliminate the number

From tables, choose HEB 300 (Sx=1680 cm3)