Approach To Green Buildings - LT Lecture

APPROACH TO GREEN BUILDINGS - CONCEPTS
Centre for Excellence and Futuristic Development
Content

Present Scenario and Need for Sustainability

Green Building vs Conventional buildings
Green Movement in India
Elements of Sustainability & Green Building Concepts
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Buildings & Factories
Center for Excellence and Futuristic Development
Present Scenario and Need

for Sustainability
Global warming is the rise in the average

temperature of Earth's atmosphere and
oceans since the late 19th century and
its projected continuation.
Since the early 20th century, Earth's
mean surface temperature has increased
by about 0.8 C (1.4 F), with about twothirds of the increase occurring since
1980.
Warming of the climate system is
unequivocal, and scientists are more
than 90% certain that it is primarily
caused by increasing concentrations of
greenhouse gases produced by human
activities such as the burning of fossil
fuels and deforestation
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Petermann Glacier, Greenland

24 July - 2009
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Petermann Glacier, Greenland

24 July - 2011
Dust Storm - Texas
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Tsunami
Drying Rivers
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Brisbane River Flooding
Fossil Fuels
Forest
Minerals
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Buildings are responsible for

Agriculture
18%
Buildings
29%
Others 7%
40% of global energy consumption

42% of global greenhouse gas emissions
50% of material resources taken from nature
Industry
46%
Over 50% of national waste production

50 % Chlorofluorocarbons emitted to the
environment
Breakdown of Electricity
Consumption in India
3800 mega tones of carbon dioxide emitted

into the atmosphere.
Source: CEA 2009
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This situation is alarming and leads to

Disturbances to natural ecosystems
Irreparable damage to top soil and vegetation
Emission of Greenhouse gases and particulate matter

and pollution of air, land and water
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Sick Buildings
The industry is thus becoming nonsustainable.
The neglect of natural elements in the planning
and design causes sick building syndrome.
Consumes more energy and Depletion of
Natural resources
It is, therefore necessary to increase

the efficiency and use discretion in all
processes related to the building
industry and go for Energy Efficient
Green Buildings.
Green Buildings
are part of sustainable activities which have less or minimal negative impact on
the environment.
in general lasts longer, cost less to operate, and wont harm peoples health.
Consumes less energy and minimal consumption of virgin materials
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Green Building Vs Conventional

Building
Externally : Both look alike

Building Use : Both are same
Differences:
Concern for human comfort &
environment
Operational saving
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Reduce operating costs

Optimize life cycle economic
performance
Sustained savings in
1. Energy
2. Water
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Environmental Benefits
Reduce impacts on the environment
Health and safety benefits

Enhance occupant comfort

Improve Occupants Productivity

World class standards
(LEED demands to meet or exceed ASHRAE
Stds)
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Depends on green features already

considered & level of rating.
First cost vs Life-cycle cost
Operational savings offset

incremental cost
Source:
http://edmontonindustrial.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/leedcosts.jpg
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VERIFIED
PERFORMANCE
INCREASED
VALUE
IMPROVED
ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
ENHANCED
PRODUCTIVITY
REDUCED
EMISSION
Green building design has environmental, economic and

social elements that benefit all building stakeholders,
including owners, occupants and the general public.
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Green Movement in India
The Green Building movement has gained tremendous momentum during the past 5 years, ever
since the Green Business Centre embarked on achieving the prestigious LEED rating for their own
centre at Hyderabad.
Snapshot on Green Building Movement in India The growing
Numbers
Criteria
2001 2008
Till Date
CEOs & Senior people involved 50
4000
Approx 10000
No. Of Professionals trained

10
No. Of Registered Green 1
Buildings
Built - in Area (sq.ft)
0
500
322
16000
1687
152
Million
80
1.19 Billion
120
403
0
1384
819
Green Building Products and 5

Equipment
IGBC
Membership
0
(Source:
Indian
Green Building Council).
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IGBC
Accredited Professionals 0
Today a variety of Green building projects are

coming up in the country-residential
complexes, Exhibition centers, Hospitals,
Educational institutions, Laboratories, IT
parks, Airports, Government buildings and
corporate offices.
The Indian Green building movement is
surging ahead and well poised to reach
greater heights in the years to come.
But however it is lacking enough knowledge
on successfully and effectively implementing
green strategies, resulting in not achieving
the targeted goal and facing project delays.
No of
Projects
BuiltBuilt-up Area
(Million
Sq.ft)
Residential
533
500
Commercial
1,049
574
Industrial
78
28
Large
Developments
27
92
1,687
1,194
Building Type
Total
As on Date
(Source: Indian Green Building Council).
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The graph clearly depicts

there is a vast gap between
the projects registered for
Green Buildings and those
that accomplish the goal.
This is mainly due to lack of
enough
knowledge
on
strategies to be implemented
by
different
services,
specified, clear and easily
applicable
approach
for
project management of such
buildings.
(Source: Indian Green Building Council).
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Sky
Air
Fire
Water
Earth
Elements of sustainability
and Green Building Concepts
SITE
Prithvi
(Earth)
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AIR
WATER ENERGY QUALITY

Jal
(Water)
Agni
(Fire)
Vayu
(Air)
Day light
& Night
Sky
Pollution MATERIALS
Akash
(Sky)
Increased Vegetated Space

Reduced Heat Islands
Reduction in Potable water consumption
Rain Water Harvesting and Reuse
Grey water Treatment and Reuse
Reduction in Solid waste
Reduced Energy Consumption / Operational Savings
Increased Indoor Comfort (Occupant Comfort)
Building design and energy systems as per standards
Fundamental & Post operational commissioning of Energy systems
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In conformity with the Development plan/Master plan/ Municipal Rules etc.

Complying with eco-sensitive zone regulations, Coastal zone regulations, Heritage area,
water body , no construction zone, hazard prone area regulations etc.
Complying with community facilities such as bus stop, commuter rail, metro station & light
rail etc.
Preserve and protect the landscape

Proper timing for the construction activity
Use staging, spill prevention & control plan
Protect topsoil from erosion (collection storage,
sediment basin, contour trenching, mulching, soil
stabilization etc.)
Limit construction activities in pre planned/ designated
areas
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Top soil stacking at TC III,

LnT HQ Chennai
Mulching at MDC,
Lonavala
Soil Conservation

Preserve or transplant the existing mature trees

Conserve top soil till after completion of construction
activity.
Adequate fertility of the soil (nutrient, fertilizer etc)
Adequate top soil laying for vegetative growth
Soil stabilization (vulnerable to erosion)
Barricades during TC III, L&T HQ Chennai Construction

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Retained Existing trees at MDC,

Lonavala
Temporary Seeding at CTS, Kolkata

Design to include existing site features

Proper utilization of Natural resources like

solar energy, prevailing wind and water.
Normally designing with respect to
Topography and adjacent landforms &
Ecologically sensitive areas.
Turf Pavements in CTS, Kolkata
Pavements & Ciruclation Effiecncy

Reduce un-shaded hard paving on-site

Minimizing road length & building foot-print.
Shading all pedestrian roads by vegetated roofs/ shading devices.
Using aggregated utility corridor
Concrete Pavements in L&T MDC

Campus
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Optimize building design to reduce the conventional

energy demand Plan appropriately to reflect climate
responsiveness, adopt an adequate comfort range, less airconditioned areas, day lighting, avoid over-design of the
lighting and air-conditioning systems.
Steps followed for this Study are

1. Climatic Analysis
2. Solar Exposure Analysis
3. Shading Design
4. Daylight Integration
5. Window Optimization
6. Artificial Light Analysis
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Solar Exposure Analysis

With this analysis the annual solar insulation in the existing orientation and in the ideal
orientation of the proposed building can be measured and also the most critical facades of
the building from solar exposure point of view are detected for protection.
L&T B&F IC
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Self Shading of Building Blocks
L&T B&F IC
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Optimize the energy performance of the building within specified comfort limits.
Ensure that energy consumption in building under a specified category is 10%
10%
40% less than that benchmarked through a simulation exercise.
Steps followed for Energy Optimization
1. Thermal Analysis
i. Comfort Study
ii. Energy Simulation and Modeling
2. HVAC System Analysis
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Thermal Comfort inside Buildings

Parameters affecting thermal comfort

Air Temperature
Relative humidity
Air movement
Mean Radiant Temperature
Metabolism
Clothing
Occupant Density
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Thermal comfort study is done and

recommendations are given on design
interventions
to
enhance
thermal
performance efficiency.
Indoor design conditions for Air conditioned buildings
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Building Energy Simulation and Modeling

Building simulation and modelling using software tools would be made to

calculate reduced building loads by use of efficient construction material.
Several options of efficient walling, roofing, and glazing systems would be studied
with help of simulation to determine its effectiveness to reduce energy
consumption vis--vis increased cost.
These parametric analyses would enable client to arrive at optimum design for
wall, roof and window specifications.
Simulation Model of CTS Kolkata

SDBSDB-1 building
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Simulation Model of CTS MEPZMEPZSDB--2 BuildingSDB

Building-Chennai
Simulation Model of CTS SiruseriSiruseriSDB--1 BuildingSDB

Building-Chennai
Energy Performance of Buildings
kWh
kWh
kWh
Energy Performance Index (EPI): kWh/m2-yr

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Trends in building design
47 kWh/m2-yr/
140 kWh/m2-yr/
260 kWh/m2-yr
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Challenges in building design

Room conditions
Room conditions
26-280C / 70% & 300 lux
23-260C / 60% & 300 lux
Building energy index
Building energy index
60 kWh/m2-yr
140 kWh/m2-yr
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Grid connected Roof Top Photo voltaic(PV)

Systems-onsite green power
Stand alone PV Operated Street Light
Systems
Solar thermal Solar Hot Water Systems
Wind mill power generation-Off Site Power
Solar Hot Water Systems at L&T
MDC campus, Lonavala
Renewable Energy Integration in L&T Campus,

Manapakkam, Chennai
PV Installed Capacity - ~ 407 KW
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PV system in Roof Top, EDRC

Building, L&T, HQ,Chennai
PV S treet L ighting s y s tem i n

L &T M D C c ampus, L o navala
Fuel cell
Wind Energy
Bio Energy
RE
Geothermal Energy
Solar Energy
Water energy
Renewable Energy in a Nut Shell

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Solar Thermal
PV Technologies
StandStand- Alone PV System
Hybrid Power Systems

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GridGrid-Tied PV System
Building Integrated Photovoltaic


Reduce landscape water requirement

Reduce building water use
Efficient water use during construction
Waste-water treatment
Water recycle and reuse (including rainwater)
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Xeriscaping (Plant xeriscape plants/ palm trees etc)

Reduce lawn area (avoid evaporation loss of water)
Drip Irrigation (deep percolation & avoid evaporation/ run-off)
Sprinkler Irrigation (uniform distribution, high infiltration rate )
Native vegetation (original plant to the particular place)
Drip & Sprinkler Irrigation System installed at L&T MDC Campus,Lonavala

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Native Vegetation at L&T ECC Campus

Reduce Water use in Building

Water Efficient fixtures (low flush toilets, dual flush adaptors,

low flow flush valves, water efficient urinal etc.)
Auto-control valves (sensor taps, self operating valves etc)
Pressure reducing device ( aerators, flow regulators etc)
Composting toilet
Sensor Taps installed at CTS MEPZ
Efficient Water use during construction

Use material such as pre-mixed concrete

Use recycled treated water
Control the waste of curing water
Sensor based Urinals at CTS MEPZ

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Waste Water Treatment

Grey water treatment landscape irrigation
Black water Sewage treatment plant
Water testing
Rain Water Harvesting System
STP Plant at L&T TCTC- 3,HQ Chennai
Using Rain water harvesting system & storage system

Recharging the surplus water (after reuse) in to aquifer
Rainwater Harvesting System at L&T MDC Lonavala

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To minimize waste generation; streamline waste

segregation, storage, and disposal; and resource
recovery from waste
Reduction in waste during construction
Efficient waste segregation
Storage and disposal of waste
Resource recovery from waste
Segregation Yards at CTS MEPZ, Chennai

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Wooden Scarp Yards at L&T MDC Lonavala
Waste Divertion for recycling at CTS MEPZ, Chennai


Utilization of fly ash in the building structure

Reduce volume, weight, and time of construction by adopting an
efficient technology (such as pre-cast systems, ready-mix concrete, and
others)
Use low-energy material in the interiors
Recycled Content Material
Regional Material
Rapidly Renewable Material
Certified Wood

Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Blocks
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I.

II.

Protection of the health of construction workers

and prevent pollution
Providing best level of sanitation/safety facilities
for construction workers.
Reduce air pollution during construction
For healthy indoor air quality, water quality, and
noise levels, and to reduce the global warming
potential
Use of low VOC (volatile organic compounds)
paints/ adhesives/ sealants.
Minimize ozone-depleting substances
Ensure water quality
Acceptable outdoor and indoor noise levels
Tobacco and smoke control
Providing the minimum level of accessibility for
persons with disabilities.
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Zero minimal negative impact on people

Encourage & Providing healthy and productive work environment
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Safety Signages Displayed in construction Sites
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Training, Pep Talk, Safety Week, Quality Week, Health Camp Activities in Construction Site
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Sustainable Sites
Water Efficiency
Energy Efficiency
Materials
Indoor Air Quality
Erosion & Sedimentation Control
Water Efficient Landscaping
Efficient Lightning
Reuse Materials
No smoking zone
Native Plants for Landscaping
Sewage Treatment Plant
Efficient Glazing
Collection Bins
Low VOC Paints
Parking for Car / Van Pools
Sensor Based Urinals
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Solar Street Lights
Certified Woods
Daylight - Views
Rating Systems
Canada
UAE
United Kingdom
United States
South Africa
Japan
India
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LEED Leadership in Energy And Environmental Engineering

Developed by US Green Building Council. Confederation of Indian
industry (CII) has adopted it and modified it to suit Indian Conditions
GRIHA - Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India
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LEED
Originally based on US codes and
standards.
GRIHA
Derived from Indian codes and standards.
Code: ECBC
Code: ASHRAE
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and

AirAir-conditioning Engineers
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LEED
Categories
GRIHA
Mandatory
(With Nil
Points)
Credits
available
Sustainable Sites
26
water Efficiency
10
Energy Efficiency
35
Materials and Resources
14
Indoor Environmental Quality
15
Innovation in Design
Regional Credits
Total
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110
Credits
available
Mandatory*
Categories
Site Selection and Site Planning
2 with 0 Points
And 5 with points
Building Planning and Construction
18 points
Building Operation and Maintenance
1 with 0 points
and 2 with points
Innovation
Total
24
74
4
104
LEED
Innovation in
Design
5%
Regional
Credits
3%
Indoor
Environmental
Quality
14%
Sustainable
Site Planning
15%
Health and
Well being
15%
water
Efficiency
9%
Energy
Efficiency
32%
Solid Waste
Managemen
t
6%
Sustainable
Sites
24%
Materials and
Resources
13%
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GRIHA
Materials
and
Resources
14%
Water
Efficiency
15%
Energy
Efficiency
and
Renewable
energy
35%
LEED
GRIHA
Level of
Certification
% points
Certified
40-50
One star
50-60
Silver
50-60
Two star
61-70
Gold
60-80
Three star
71-80
Platinum
80-100
Four star
81-90
Five star
91-100
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Level of Certification
% points
IGBC
USGBC
IGBC Green Homes
Homes
Neighborhood Development
IGBC Green Township

IGBC Green SEZ
Retail
New Construction
Core and Shell
IGBC Green Factory Buildings

LEED India for New Construction
Commercial Interiors
Existing Building O&M
Schools
LEED India For Core and Shell
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Health Care
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APPROACH TO GREEN BUILDINGS - CONCEPTS

Centre for Excellence and Futuristic Development

Present Scenario and Need for Sustainability

Center for Excellence and Futuristic Development

Present Scenario and Need

Global warming is the rise in the average

Center for Excellence and Futuristic Development

Center for Excellence and Futuristic Development

Petermann Glacier, Greenland

Petermann Glacier, Greenland

Center for Excellence and Futuristic Development

Dust Storm - Texas

Center for Excellence and Futuristic Development

Brisbane River Flooding

Center for Excellence and Futuristic Development

Center for Excellence and Futuristic Development

Buildings are responsible for

40% of global energy consumption

Over 50% of national waste production

3800 mega tones of carbon dioxide emitted

Source: CEA 2009

Center for Excellence and Futuristic Development

This situation is alarming and leads to

Irreparable damage to top soil and vegetation

Emission of Greenhouse gases and particulate matter

Center for Excellence and Futuristic Development

It is, therefore necessary to increase

Center for Excellence and Futuristic Development

Green Building Vs Conventional

Externally : Both look alike

Center for Excellence and Futuristic Development

Reduce operating costs

Center for Excellence and Futuristic Development

Health and safety benefits

Improve Occupants Productivity

Center for Excellence and Futuristic Development

Depends on green features already

First cost vs Life-cycle cost

Operational savings offset

Center for Excellence and Futuristic Development

Green building design has environmental, economic and

Center for Excellence and Futuristic Development

Green Movement in India

No. Of Professionals trained

Green Building Products and 5

Center for Excellence and Futuristic Development

 Today a variety of Green building projects are

Center for Excellence and Futuristic Development

The graph clearly depicts

Center for Excellence and Futuristic Development

WATER ENERGY QUALITY

Increased Vegetated Space

Center for Excellence and Futuristic Development

Center for Excellence and Futuristic Development

In conformity with the Development plan/Master plan/ Municipal Rules etc.

Preserve and protect the landscape

Top soil stacking at TC III,

Center for Excellence and Futuristic Development

Preserve or transplant the existing mature trees

Barricades during TC III, L&T HQ Chennai Construction

Retained Existing trees at MDC,

Temporary Seeding at CTS, Kolkata

Design to include existing site features

Today a variety of Green building projects are