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Long-Span Decks
Floor Decks
Curtain Wall Panels
Ribbed Panels
Corrugated Sheets
Canada
Mexico
United States
Design Methods
United States: Allowable Strength Design and Load and
Resistance Factor Design
Canada: Limit States Design
Mexico: Allowable Strength Design and Load and
Resistance Factor Design
R Rn/
R = Required strength
Rn = Nominal strength
= Safety Factor
Rn/ = Design strength (allowable strength)
Ru Rn
Ru = Required strength
Rn = Nominal strength
= Resistance factor
Rn = Design strength (factored resistance)
10
Limits of Applicability
(Section A1.2)
As an alternate:
Determine design strength or stiffness by tests
and Chapter F
Determine design strength or stiffness by
rational analysis Section A1.1
Direct Strength Method (Appendix 1)
Second Order Analysis (Appendix 2)
11
Steel:
Steel Products:
Members:
12
13
14
15
16
REQUIRED DUCTILITY
(Section A2.3.1)
Fu/Fy 1.08
Elongation 10% (two-inch
(two
gage length)
7% (eight-inch
(eight
gage length)
17
BUCKLING MODES
(Overall & Cross Section)
Cold-formed vs.
Hot-rolled behavior,
any different?
Challenge of
cold-formed
steel design is to
cope with
local and
distortional buckling
19
d 0.673
For
Mn
(Eq. C3.1.4-1)
= My
M crd
Mn = 1 0.22
My
d = M y M crd
0.5
M
crd
M y
0.5
My
(Eq. C3.1.4-2)
(Eq. C3.1.4-3)
My
= SfyFy
Sfy
Mcrd
= SfFd
20
E t
Fd = k d
2
12(1 ) b o
2
bo Dsin
k d = 0.5 0.6
h
t
o
0.7
8.0
0.7
(1 M1
M2 )
0.7
1.3
21
k fe + k we + k
Fd =
k% + k%
fg
wg
22
(Eq. C4.2-1)
Pn =
(Eq. C4.2-2)
d = Py Pcrd
Py
= AgFy
Pcrd
= AgFd
(Eq. C3.1.4-3)
23
E t
Fd = k d
2
12(1 ) b o
2
bo Dsin
k d = 0.5 0.6
h
t
o
0.7
8.0
24
k fe + k we + k
Fd =
k% + k%
fg
wg
25
MAJOR COLD-FORMED
FORMED STEEL DESIGN CONCEPT
Stiffened Elements
Partially Stiffened Element
Unstiffened Elements
26
Stiffened
Unstiffened
27
POST-BUCKLING
BUCKLING STRESS DISTRIBUTION
28
fdx = bf
o
max
29
4 2E
f cr = F y =
2
2
)
12(1- )(b/t
b = 1.9t
also, b = 1.9t
b = 0.95t
E/F y
E/ f max
kE
t
1 - 0.208 ( )
w
f max
kE
f max
30
Eq.B2.1-1
Eq.B2.1-2
0.22
= (1 )/
Eq.B2.1-3
f/Fcr
Eq.B2.1-4
Fcr = k
2
2
12(1 - )(w/t )
Eq.B2.1-5
31
Ineffecitve
Areas
f = Fy
Aeff
Effective Section
32
33
c2
)F
For c 1.5 :
Fn = 0.658
0.877
Fn =
F
2 y
c
Where
Fy
c =
(inelastic buckling)
Eq.C4-2
(elastic buckling)
Eq.C4-3
Eq.C4-4
Fe
34
35
E
E Iy GJ + ( ) Cw Iy
Fe =
LS f
L
or
r
o A
Fe =
Sf
ey t
where
1
2E
ey =
2 ; t =
Ar 2o
(KL/ r y )
2ECw
GJ +
2
(KL)t
36
Inelastic Lateral-Torsional
Torsional Buckling
Not subject to L-T
T buckling when Fe 2.78Fy,
use Section C3.1.1(a)
When 2.78Fy > Fe > 0.56Fy
10
Fy
Fc =
9
10Fy
1 36 F
e
Eq.C3.1.2.1-2
For Fe 0.56Fy
Fc = Fe
Eq.C3.1.2.1-3
37
(Section C3.1.2.1)
38
b/2
b/2
b/2
C
b/2
f = Fy
C
N.A.
N.A.
ycg
ycg
ycg
T
N.A.
T
Ineffective
Areas
ycg
M1
M2
M3
B.M.
M1
M2
M3
M2
M1
EI
M
39
Mn = ScFc
b = 1.67 b = 0.90
Eq.C3.1.2.1-1
ey t
40
SHEAR STRENGTH
(Section C3.2.1)
Eq.C3.2.1-1
(a) For h / t Ek v / Fy
Fv = 0.60Fy
(b) For
Fv =
Ek v / Fy < h / t 1.51 Ek v / Fy
0.60 Ek vFy
Eq.C3.2.1-2
Eq.C3.2.1-3
(h / t )
(c) For h / t > 1.51 Ek v / Fy
2Ek v
0.904Ek v
Fv =
=
(h / t )2
12(1 2 )(h / t )2
Eq.C3.2.1-4
41
WEB CRIPPLING
(Section C3.4)
Basic Web Crippling Equation
h
R
N
1 Ch
Pn = Ct Fy sin 1 CR
1 + CN
t
t
t
Eq.C3.4.1-1
42
WEB CRIPPLING
(Section C3.4) (New in 2007)
Eq. C3.4.1-2
43
R=
fbending
f bending + ftorsion
44
MEMBER BRACING
(Section D3.3) (New in 2007)
Design considerations:
Strength,
Pbr ,1 = 0.01Pn
Lb
45
COLD-FORMED
FORMED STEEL LIGHT-FRAME
LIGHT
CONSTRUCTION
(Section D4) (New in 2007)
46
47
General Information:
AISI S200-07:: General Provisions
AISI S201-07:
07: Product Standard
Code of Standard Practice
Design Standards:
AISI S210-07:: Floor and Roof System Design
AISI S211-07:: Wall Stud Design
AISI S212-07:: Header Design
AISI S213-07:: Lateral Design
AISI S214-07:: Truss Design
Prescriptive Methods:
07: Prescriptive Method for One and Two
AISI S230-07:
Family Dwellings
48
K eff i , j
PL j = Pi
i =1 K total
i
C 2 I xy L
(m + 0.25b)t
cos C 4 sin
+ C3
Pi = C1 Wp i
d2
1000 I xd
Na
K total
K sys =
K eff i, j
= K eff i , j + K sys
j=1
ELt 2
C5
Np 2
1000
d
dpi , j
1
=
+
K a C 6 LA p E
Pn = 1.65 tdaFu
= 2.20
= 0.70
50
Eq.E4.5.1-1
LRFD Method:
QU/Pns+ 0.71 Tu/Pnov 1.10
Pns = 2.7 t1dFu1
Pnov = 1.5 t1dwFu1
Eq.E4.5.2-1
Cold-Formed
Formed Steel Design, 4th Edition
The
he book has been thoroughly updated and
expanded on to reflect:
2007 North American Specification
2007 North American Framing Standards
and other newly published standards
and documents.
Ordering information:
www.ccfssonline.org
Price: $110 plus shipping
52
Wei-Wen
Wen Yu
Center for Cold-Formed
Formed Steel Structure
laboube@mst.edu, 573-341-4481
573
53
QUESTIONS?
54