CBSE X | Social Science

Sample Paper 1 Solution

CBSE
Class X Social Science
Sample Paper 1 Solution
Term II
Answers
1. (a) Victor Emmanuel II
2. (b) Narmada Bachao Andolan
3. (c) 1932
4. (c) Crust
5. (d) 7
6. (b) The people of the country
7. (c) Foundational Challenge
8. (c) Democracy
9. (d) 1995
Answer 10
The following are the three important provisions of the Treaty of Vienna:
i. The Treaty of Vienna restored the European monarchies which had been overthrown
by Napoleon and his army. The Treaty created a new Conservative order and ruling
class in continental Europe. An important example of this is the Bourbon dynasty of
France.
ii. To prevent any future French expansion and contain the republican juggernaut in the
future, a series of strong states were established on the boundaries of France. For
example, the Kingdom of Netherlands was set up in the north with Belgian territories.
Also, Genoa was added to Piedmont in the South.
iii. The treaty sought to maintain the balance of power in Europe. This was to ensure
that no single power becomes too dominant and demands too large a territory in
Europe.
Answer 11
The following are the three important reasons why the French had to suffer defeat at Dien
Bien Phu:
i. The French commander greatly underestimated the difficulties which were likely to
confront his forces in the terrain of Indo-China.
ii. During the monsoons, the valley where the French had established their garrisons got
flooded. The whole terrain was covered with thick bushes which made it very difficult
for the French to move troops and tanks. Also, it made it very difficult to spot the antiaircraft guns hidden in the jungle by the Vietminh.
iii. The Vietminh troops used the terrain strategically. They besieged the French
garrisons and prevented any movement of supplies or reinforcements.

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Answer 12
The following are the reasons why Dalit participation was limited in the Civil Disobedience
Movement:
i. The Dalit leaders were concerned with solving the problems of their community by
gaining access to political power. To this purpose, the Depressed Classes Association
was formed and demands were made for reserved seats in educational institutions
and separate electorates. However, the latter demand had to be negotiated in a
controversial manner in the Poona Pact of 1932. This was done at the insistence of
Gandhi, the de facto leader of the Congress.
ii. There was a firm belief among the Dalits, elaborated on by Dr Ambedkar, that political
empowerment alone could alleviate the social disabilities experienced by backward
castes. The Civil Disobedience Movement was in direct opposition of the very regime
which the Dalit leadership was attempting to share power in.
Answer 13
The economic viability of a mineral reserve or deposit is assessed by the concentration of
the mineral in the forest ore, the ease of extraction and the proximity of the site to the
market. To meet the demand of the mineral, a choice has to be made between several
possible operations. If the final choice is considered financially viable, the mineral deposit
or reserve turns into a mine.
Answer 14
The following points elaborate the differences between cooperative sector industries and
private sector industries:
i. Cooperative sector industries are ventures established by pooling in of resources by
multiple entrepreneurs for mutual benefit. Private sector industries, on the other
hand, are those which are owned completely by private individuals.
ii. The profits are shared by the members of the cooperative. In private sector industries,
however, the profits are appropriated by the owner of the company.
iii. The sugar industry in Maharashtra is an important example of the cooperative sector
industry. The cotton textile industry in India is an example of the private sector
industry.
Answer 15
The following are the measures introduced by the Government to reduce the burden on the
Indian Railways:
i. Railway tracks have been electrified on a large scale. This has reduced the time of
travel considerably.
ii. A policy of establishing thermal power stations near coal and lignite mines has been
followed consciously.
iii. There has been a significant increase in the use of hydroelectricity.
iv. The use of natural gas for producing electricity has been given a major push.
v. Transport of petroleum products and natural gas is done through pipelines.
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Answer 16
The following are three important differences between a pressure group and a political
party:
i. Membership of a political party is strictly exclusive and an individual cannot retain
the membership of more than two parties. He may, however, be a part of multiple
pressure groups.
ii. Political parties participate in the political process by contesting elections and
attempting to capture political power to form ministries. Pressure groups, on the
other hand, do not contest elections and try to influence those holding the political
authority instead.
iii. While political parties have to function strictly within Constitutional rules and
regulations, pressure groups are relatively free from this responsibility. Practically,
they employ all means, constitutional or otherwise, in order to promote their
interests.
Answer 17
The following are three important characteristics of a democracy:
i. In a democracy, people elect their political representatives. These representatives
legislate on matters of public importance and formulate the policies of the
Government.
ii. In a democracy, elections are held regularly to elect the democratic representatives of
the people. All adult citizens of the country have the right to vote in the elections and
also participate as candidates. However, it has to be made sure that the elections are
conducted in a free and fair manner.
iii. One of the most important qualities of democracy is the grant of civil liberties to
citizens without any discrimination. The citizens have freedom of speech, expression
and information. Also, they can form, join or quit an association or form a political
party.
Answer 18
The following are the important types of party system:
Single Party System Under this system, only one party is allowed to function and there is
no legitimacy for any other political outfit. As a result, there is no opposition party in this
system. The party in power runs the administration, political and permanent. Both these
executives profess the same ideology. The Chinese political system is an example of the
single party system.
Bi-party System In this kind of system, there are two organised, ideologically welldefined opposing parties. One party functions as the party in power and runs the
administration, whereas the second party plays the role of the opposition. The US and UK
are examples of this kind of party system.
Multi-party System Multiple number of parties function in this kind of system. The party
which gets a majority in the elections forms the Government. If no party gets a clear
majority, a coalition Government is formed. India has a multi-party system.
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Answer 19
The following are three ways in which poverty impacts the functioning of democracy:
i. People from economically weak sections are not interested in and, in fact, cannot
afford to participate in public affairs. They are often cut off from the democratic
process because most of their time and energies are spent on earning their daily
bread.
ii. Impoverished people tend to lose faith in the democratic system of Government. This
is because they do not have the means and social backing to hold their leaders
responsible for the fulfilment of their needs.
iii. Poverty sometimes breeds violent movements. When problems of clothing and food
become unbearable for the economically weak populace, it tends to resort to violence
and looting.
Answer 20
The Government has taken the following steps in order to improve the rural credit system:
i. The micro-credit system has been introduced in the country. Under this system, poor
people may avail of credit from banks at nominal interest rates.
ii. Banks are encouraged actively by the Government to open branches in the remotest
corners of the Indian hinterland. This way, banking and credit facilities are made
available to the rural population.
iii. The conditions for taking loans from Government-controlled banks have been made
easier in order to encourage rural people to avail of credit.
Answer 21
The following are the three ways in which liberalisation has helped in the process of
globalisation:
i. Liberalisation allows industry players to expand their operations and act according to
the market trend. This tends to help the process of globalisation. However, this same
factor of industries being allowed a free hand might result in corporate excesses. For
example, the exploitative policies of mining companies and industrial units in
Jharkhand, Odisha and Chhattisgarh.
ii. Liberalisation of foreign investment rules helps multinational corporations to form
new businesses all over the world. This contributes greatly to the process of
globalisation.
iii. Liberalisation removes trade restrictions. This encourages import and export
between countries, furthering the process of globalisation.

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Answer 22
The following are the three factors which led to the growth of nationalism in nineteenth
century Europe:
Romanticism The cultural movement of romanticism used mystical feelings instead of
reason or scientific temperament to develop nationalist sentiment among people of
Europe. It helped develop feelings of a shared cultural heritage and consolidated the
nation-building process through the use of folk songs, dance, music and folklore.
Growth of new social groups New social groups had emerged in nineteenth century
Europe like the educated middle class. This class included professionals such as university
professors, school teachers, clerks and businessman. It was this class of people which was
of the liberal nationalist disposition, and it was these professionals who led the numerous
revolutions of the 19th century.
Growth of the printing press With the discovery of the printing press, a reading public
had emerged. In a short period of time, the print media opened unexplored avenues of
public debate and discussion. Ideas of enlightened thinkers were circulated on a wide scale
and the possibility of mass action by the people increased.
Answer 23
The following are five ways in which illiteracy can be reduced in India:
Disadvantages of illiteracy and advantages of being literate have to be advertised on
a large scale through a major propaganda drive. This can be financed by either the
state or through a corporate partnership. Any which way, people have to be
sensitised about the ill-effects of poverty.
Education has to be free, and more importantly, compulsory for all children up to a
certain age. This policy has to be followed with the utmost political will.
Schools have to be established which can impart education to uneducated working
adults without them having to make any compromises to their work time.
Special attention has to be given to womens education and more girls schools have
to be established to fill the education deficit among girls.
Adult literacy should be added as service condition for teachers on all levels of the
education system.

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Answer 24
The following are three important reasons for the launching of the Civil Disobedience
Movement:
i. After the suspension of the Rowlatt Satyagraha, a need was felt by Gandhi and other
Congress leaders to launch a more broad-based movement.
ii. Following the formation of Muslim League and the divisive policy drive of the British
Government, it was felt necessary to bring the Hindus and the Muslims together for a
common cause, i.e. Indias freedom.
iii. The Khilafat movement, launched by the Ali brothers in support of the Khalifa of
Turkey, was seen as the perfect opportunity to bring the minority community in the
mainstream of the nationalist movement. It was a chance to launch a broad-based
mass movement with participation from the two most important religious
communities in India.
Answer 25
The following are the measures taken by the Government of India to increase the
production of coal:
i. The Government has completely taken over the production and distribution of coal in
India in order to execute it in a planned and controlled manner.
ii. Two major public sector undertakings Coal India Limited and Coal Development
Corporation have been majorly involved in developing the coalfields in the country.
iii. The old price bands stand withdrawn from the coal mines.
iv. Special measures have been taken by the Government of India to check the wastage of
coal during extraction and distribution and to keep the reserves intact and properly
maintained.
Answer 26
The following are the five reasons why the coal and iron industry in India is based in the
northeastern states:
i. The biggest deposits of iron ore in India are found in and around the Chhota Nagpur
plateau. Hence, it is the states of Bihar, Bengal and Odisha which predominantly
provide for the iron industry in India.
ii. Coal, another prerequisite of this industry, is found in large deposits in Bihar and
West Bengal. As a result, many of the mines are situated in these states in eastern
India.
iii. Abundant cheap labour is made available to the industry from Bihar, Odisha, Eastern
Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
iv. The Damodar Valley Corporation provides cheap hydel power to the various plants
located in the northeastern states.
v. There has been continuous Government patronage for the localisation of the industry
in the northeastern region. Major steel plants such as Durgapur, Bokaro and Rourkela
have been established in these areas with the help of foreign collaborators.
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Answer 27
The following are the objectives of the New Economic Policy:
i. The New Economic Policy has shifted the focus from the public sector to the market.
The public sector is now to concentrate on high technology of strategic importance
and basic infrastructure, i.e. roads, railways, energy, education, health facilities, water
supply and sewage facilities.
ii. The new policy has lifted the restrictions on foreign investment in the domestic
market. This is done with a view to increase the flow of capital in the national
economy.
iii. The process of liberalisation has been expanded and deepened through the new
economic policy. Considering the ultimate common good, prices and competition are
allowed a free run in the industries.
iv. The new economic policy aims to integrate the national economy of India with the
world economy. This will allow an unrestricted exchange of goods, technology and
experience.
Answer 28
The following are the important rights of the Indian consumer:
Right to Safety Certain goods are capable of causing serious harm to life and property if
they malfunction. Such goods include gas cylinders, pressure cookers, electrical goods and
gas pipes. If at all there is any defect in such goods, the consumer has the right to be
protected against the possible risk.
Right to be Informed Consumers have the right to be notified about the exact quantity,
quality and the price of a particular product or service.
Right to Choose A consumer has the right to select and buy the product of his choice.
This he can do by comparing the range of alternative products available. The seller of the
product cannot force or coerce the consumer into buying any one product or any one brand
of product.
Right to Seek Redressal If a consumer is cheated and exploited by a manufacturer, the
former has the right to seek redressal in any consumer court established by the
Government of India.

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Answer 29
The following are the legal measures adopted by the Government of India for the
protection of the consumer:
The Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marketing) Act, 1937 This Act has given the
Government the power to enact rules regarding the quality maintenance and grading of
certain commodities. Under this Act, products are marked with grade designation marks
such as WOOLMARK or AGMARK.
The Bureau of Indian Standard Act, 1986 The bureau has the right to specify a
standard mark to be used on certain products which are according to prescribed norms
and specifications.
The Monopolistic and Restrictive Trade Practices (MRTP) Act, 1969 This Act was
passed to ensure that monopolistic and unfair trade practices are discouraged.
Creation of Consumer Welfare Fund It was established in 1992 in order to provide
financial assistance for consumer welfare in India.
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 The Act has precisely defined the terms, the procedure
of filing complaints and the powers of the district forum.
Answer 30 (a) & 30 (b)

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