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Bill of quantities
Bill of quantities. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
A bill of quantities (BOQ) is a document used in tendering in the construction
industry in which materials, parts, and labor (and their costs) are itemized.
BE
BOM
BW
CMTR
ELL
ERW
ESV
FF
welding technique is widely applied in situations where a quality weld desired, and the
weld by X-ray technically should be investigated.
(for more information see main Menu "Others"...Basic Welding Joints)
CMTR is an abbreviation of Certified Material Test Report.
A Certified Material Test Report attesting that the material is in accordance with specified
requirements, including the actual results of all required chemical analyses, tests, and
examinations.
ELL is an abbreviation of ELbow.
(for more information see main Menu "Fittings"...Elbows 45 - 180)
ERW is an abbreviation of Electric Resistance Welded.
Originally Electric Resistance Welded which contains a solid phase butt weld, was
produced using resistance heating to make the longitudinal weld (ERW). Most pipe mills
now use high frequency induction heating (HFI) for better control and consistency.
However, the product is still often referred to as ERW pipe, even though the weld may
have been produced by the HFI process.
ESV is an abbreviation of Emergency Shutdown Valve.
A Emergency Shutdown Valve is an actuated valve designed to stop the flow of a hazarous
fluid or external hydrocarbons (gases) upon the detection of a dangerous event.
These valves are the final defence against process misreactions and have a function which
requires much more reliable performance than standard remotely operated on-off valves.
FF is an abbreviation of Flat Face flange.
The Flat Face flange has a gasket surface in the same plane as the bolting circle face. Flat
Face does not feature the raised face of heavy duty flanges such as ANSI B 16.5 for
example. Applications using flat face flanges are frequently those in which the mating
flange or flanged fitting is made from a casting.
GMAW
GTAW
Heat
No
HAZ
LR
The finished product from a manufacturer (the pipe or fitting mill), is typically traceable to
a
Heat Number (steel mill identification). A heat typically identifies material produced in
the steel mill from one single melt, and the number will be assigned in the steel mill.
Chemical analysis is usually reported on a heat basis. Parts of a same heat have the same
chemistry.
HAZ is an abbreviation of Heat-Affected Zone.
Cutting processes that use intense heat, like oxyfuel cutting and plasma arc cutting,
produce thermal effects near the edge of the cut that lead to microstructural and
metallurgical changes in the metal. The portion of a metal work-piece that has been so
altered by heat is termed the heat-affected zone or HAZ. All thermal cutting processes
create an HAZ in the cut metal.
LR is an abbreviation of Long Radius Elbow.
Elbows are split into two groups which define the distance over which they change
direction; the center line of one end to the opposite face.
MAWP
MIG
MPI
MTO
NDE
NPS
This is known as the "center to face" distance and is equivalent to the radius through
which the elbow is bent.
The center to face distance for a Long Radius elbow, abbreviated LR always is 1.1/2 x
Nominal Pipe Size (1.1/2D), while the center to face distance for a Short Radius elbow,
abbreviated SR even is to nominal pipe size.
MAWP is an abbreviation of Maximum Allowable Working Pressure.
The Maximum Allowable Working Pressure of a boiler carrying the ASME Code symbol
or of a pressure vessel carrying the ASME or API-ASME symbol shall be determined by
the applicable sections of the code under which it was constructed and stamped. Subject to
the concurrence of the enforcement authority at the point of installation, such a boiler or
pressure vessel may be rerated in accordance with the rules of a later edition of the ASME
Code and in accordance with the rules of the National Board Inspection Code or API 510,
as applicable.
For example; the maximum allowable working pressure of a steam boiler is an absolute
restriction of pressure within psig unit for a steam boiler is allowed to run. The ASME
BPV Code (American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler and Pressure Vessel) says
that absolutely no steam boiler should be run at a pressure above the MAWP with the
exception of the safety valve is operated to discharge excessive pressure. Steam boiler has
some technical terms that be generally used. One of them is MAWP (Maximum Allowable
Working Pressure) which means that all of working pressure at the pressure part shall not
exceed MAWP.
MIG is an abbreviation of Metal Inert Gas.
Metal Inert Gas or Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) is frequently referred to as MIG
welding. MIG welding is a commonly used high deposition rate welding process. Wire is
continuously fed from a spool. MIG welding is therefore referred to as a semiautomatic
welding process.
MPI is an abbreviation of Magnetic Particle Inspection.
It is a nondestructive examination method to locate surface and subsurface discontinuities
in ferromagnetic materials. The presence of discontinuities is detected by the use of finely
divided ferromagnetic particles applied over the surface. Some of these magnetic particles
are gathered and held by the magnetic leakage field created by the discontinuity. The
particles gathered at the surface form an outline of the discontinuity and generally indicate
its location, size, shape, and extent.
MTO is an abbreviation of Material Take-Off.
A final material take-off is a accurate list of ALL the required piping items of a project in
tabulated form. (see also BOM - Bill Of Materials)
NDE is an abbreviation of Non Destructive Examination, also called Non Destructive
Testing (NDT).
Non Destructive Examination survey techniques by which we can get an impression of the
quality of an item to consider this item without damaging them.
To detect different defects such as cracking and corrosion, there are different methods of
testing available like, X-ray, Ultrasonic testing (UT), Magnetic-particle inspection (MT or
MPI), Liquid penetrant testing (PT or LPI) etc..
NPS is an abbreviation of Nominal Pipe Size.
Nominal Pipe Size is a North American set of standard sizes for pipes used for high or low
pressures and temperatures. The name NPS is based on the earlier "Iron Pipe Size" (IPS)
system.
(for more information see main Menu "Pipes"...NPS and Schedule)
NPT
OS&Y
PBE
PED
PFD
PI
PI is a mathematical constant that is the ratio of any Euclidean circle's circumference to its
diameter. PI is approximately equal to 3.14. Many formulae in mathematics, science, and
engineering involve PI, which makes it one of the most important mathematical constants.
For instance, the area of a circle is equal to PI times the square of the radius of the circle.
PMI
PWHT
RF
RFC
RTJ
SAW
SCH
SMAW
SMLS
SR
SST
SW
TBE
TIG
serves to blanket the weld and exclude the active properties in the surrounding air. Inert
gases such as Argon and Helium do not chemically react or combine with other gases.
They pose no odor and are transparent, permitting the the welder maximum visibility of
the arc.
Source: www.millerwelds.com
TOS
WPQ
For most codes there is a time limit associated with the welder qualification test. However,
the American Welding Society provides an unlimited qualification period if certain
conditions are met. As with the WPS and WPQR, each code has a recommended format.
WPS
WT
XXS