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Calculus
Early Transcendentals
Fourth Edition
Dennis G. Zill,
Loyola Marymount University
Warren S. Wright,
Loyola Marymount University
ISBN-13: 978-0-7637-5995-7
Hardcover • 994 Pages • © 2011
Appropriate for the traditional three-term college
calculus course, Calculus: Early Transcendentals,
Fourth Edition provides the student-friendly
presentation and robust examples and problem sets
for which Dennis Zill is known. This outstanding
revision incorporates all of the exceptional learning
tools that have made Zill’s many texts a resounding
success. He carefully blends the theory and
application of important concepts while
offering modern applications and numerous
problem-solving skills.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Functions
Chapter 2: Limit of a Function
Chapter 3: The Derivative
Chapter 4: Applications of the Derivative
Chapter 5: Integrals
Chapter 6: Applications of the Integral
Chapter 7: Techniques of Integration
Chapter 8: First-Order Differential Equations
Chapter 9: Sequences and Series
Chapter 10: Conics and Polar Coordinates
Chapter 11: Vectors and 3-Space
Chapter 12: Vector-Valued Functions
Chapter 13: Partial Derivatives
Chapter 14: Multiple Integrals
Chapter 15: Vector Integral Calculus
Chapter 16: Higher-Order Differential
Equations
Note: Non-bolded chapter titles indicate chapters found in Single
Variable Calculus: Early Transcendentals. Bolded Chapter indicate
chapters found if Multivariable Calculus. Please note that chapters 9
and 10 appear in both volumes. For more information on the split
volumes go to Page 6.
3
 See For Yourself
Sample Chapters are Available Online at www.jbpub.com!
59957_CH06a_321-378.qxd 11/6/09 5:00 PM Page 338 59957_CH06a_321-378.qxd 11/6/09 5:01 PM Page 339

59957_CH06a_321-378.qxd 11/6/09 5:00 PM Page 338

338 CHAPTER 6 Applications of the Integral 6.3 Volumes of Solids: Slicing Method 339

Revolution about a Line The next example shows how to find the volume of a solid of rev- 7. The base of a solid is a right isosceles triangle that is 23. y  x, y  x  1, x  0, y  2; y-axis
olution when a region is revolved about an axis that is not a coordinate axis. formed by the coordinate axes and the line x  y  3. The 24. x  y  2, x  0, y  0, y  1; x-axis
cross sections perpendicular to the y-axis are squares. Find
338 CHAPTER 6 Applications of the
the volume Integral
of the solid. 25. y  1x  1, x  5, y  0; x  5
EXAMPLE 6 Axis of Revolution not a Coordinate Axis 26. x  y 2, x  1; x  1
8. Suppose the pyramid shown in FIGURE 6.3.17 has height h
Find the volume V of the solid that is formed by revolving the region given in Example 2 27. y  x1>3, x  0, y  1; y  2
4 x*k
and a square base of area B. Show that the volume of the
y about the line x  4.
pyramid is given by A Revolution
3 hB. [Hint: Letabout
1
a Line
b denote the The
28. x next
y 2 example
2y, x  0; shows
x  2 how to find the volume of a solid of rev-
yk
2 Solution The domed-shaped solid of revolution is shown in FIGURE 6.3.13. From inspection length of one side of the square base.]
of the figure we see that a horizontal rectangular element of width ¢yk that is perpendicular olution when a region is revolved 29. x 2  yabout
2
 16, an
x  axis that is not a coordinate axis.
5; y-axis
to the vertical line x  4 generates a solid disk when revolved about that axis. The radius r
y 30. y  x 2  6x  9, y  9  12 x 2; x-axis
x
of that disk is 31. x  y 2, y  x  6; y-axis
x4
FIGURE 6.3.13 Solid of revolution in r  (right-most x-value)  (left-most x-value)  4  x*k , EXAMPLE 6 Axis of Revolution
32. y  xnot
3
a xCoordinate
 1, Axis
 0, y  9; y-axis
3
Example 6
and so its volume is then Find the volume V of the 33. y  x  x, y  0; x-axis
solid that is formed by revolving the region given in Example 2
34. y  x 3  1, x  1, y  0; x-axis
Vk  p(4  x*k ) ¢yk. 2
y 4 x*k about the line x  4.
x 35. y  ex, x  1, y  1; y  2
To express x in terms of y we use y  1x to obtain x*k  (y*k )2. Therefore, yk
Solution The domed-shaped
x
36. y 
solid  2; x-axis is shown in FIGURE 6.3.13. From inspection
e , y of1, xrevolution
2
Vk  p(4  (y*k )2)2 ¢yk. FIGURE 6.3.17 Pyramid in Problem 8 y  0cos x 0 , y  0, 0  x  2p; x-axis
of the figure we see that a 37. horizontal rectangular element of width ¢yk that is perpendicular
This leads to the integral 38. y  sec x, x  p>4, x  p>4, y  0; x-axis
2 In Problems x9–14, refer to the vertical
to FIGURE 6.3.18. Use line x or 4 generates a solid disk when revolved about that axis. The radius r
the disk 39. y  tan x, y  0, x  p>4; x-axis
Vp  (4  y ) dy
0
2 2 washer method to find the of thatofdisk
volume is of revolution 40. y  sin x, y  cos x, x  0, first quadrant; x-axis
the solid
that is formed by revolving the given region about the indi-
2 x  4 cated line. r  (right-most x-value)  (left-most x-value)  4  x*k ,
p  (16  8y 2
 y 4) dy FIGURE 6.3.13 Solid of9.revolution in
R1 about OC 10. R1 about OA
Think About It
0
Example 6
8 1 256 2 11. R2 about OA and12.
so Rits volume
2 about OC is then
 p a16y  y 3  y 5 b d  p. 41. Reread Problems 68–70 in Exercises 6.2 on Cavalieri’s
3 5 0 15 13. R1 about AB 14. R2 about AB
Principle. Then show that the circular cylinders in FIGURE 6.3.19
p(4  x*k )2 ¢y
Vk volume.
have the same k.
y
C B (1, 1)

R2 To express x in terms of y we use y  1x to obtain x*k  (y*k )2. Therefore,

r r

Exercises 6.3 Answers to selected odd-numbered problems begin on page ANS-20. Vk h p(4  (y*k )2)2 ¢yk. h
2
yx
Fundamentals 4. The base of a solid is bounded by the curve y  4  x 2 This Rleads
1
to the integral
In Problems 1 and 2, use the slicing method to find the vol- and the x-axis. The cross sections perpendicular to the x-axis x
2 FIGURE 6.3.19 Cylinders in Problem 41

 (4  y ) dy
O A
ume of the solid if its cross sections perpendicular to a diam- are equilateral triangles. Find the volume of the solid. 2 2
5. The base of a solid is an isosceles triangle whose base is
FIGURE 6.3.18 Regions for Vp
eter of a circular base are as given. Assume that the radius of Problems 9–14
42. Consider
4 ft and height is 5 ft. The cross sections perpendicular to 0 the right circular cylinder of radius a shown in
the base is 4. FIGURE 6.3.20. A plane inclined at an angle u to the base of the
the altitude are semicircles. Find the volume of the solid. 2


1. 2. In Problems 15– 40, use the disk or washer method to find the cylinder passes through2 a diameter4 of the base. Find the
6. A hole of radius 1 ft is drilled through the middle of the
volume of the solid of revolution that is formed by revolving p of(16
volume  8y wedge
the resulting  ycut ) dy
from the cylinder when
solid sphere of radius r  2 ft. Find the volume of the (a) u  0 45° (b) u  60°.
the region bounded by the graphs of the given equations about
remaining solid. See FIGURE 6.3.16.
the indicated line or axis.
8 3 1 5 2 256
15. y  9  x 2, y  0; x-axis  p a16y  y  y b d  p.
r1
16. y  x 2  1, x  0, y  5; y-axis
3 5 0 15
y
x
1 1
FIGURE 6.3.15 Cross sections 17. y  , x  1, y  ; y-axis
y are semicircles x 2
x
1 1
FIGURE 6.3.14 Cross sections 18. y  , x  , x  3, y  0; x-axis
are equilateral triangles x 2
19. y  (x  2)2, x  0, y  0; x-axis
3. The base of a solid is bounded by the curves x  y2 and
20. y  (x  1)2, x  0, y  0; y-axis a
x  4 in the xy-plane. The cross sections perpendicular to
the x-axis are rectangles for which the height is four times
Exercises 6.3 Answers
21. y  4 to
 xselected
2
, y  1 odd-numbered
1 2
4x ; x-axis problems begin on page ANS-20.
FIGURE 6.3.16 Hole through sphere FIGURE 6.3.20 Cylinder and wedge
the base. Find the volume of the solid. in Problem 6 22. y  1  x 2, y  x 2  1, x  0, first quadrant; y-axis in Problem 42

Fundamentals 4. The base of a solid is bounded by the curve y  4  x2

and the x-axis. The cross sections perpendicular to the x-axis
In Problems 1 and 2, use the slicing method to find the vol-
are equilateral triangles. Find the volume of the solid.
ume of the solid if its cross sections perpendicular to a diam-
1 PM Page 339 5. The base of a solid is an isosceles triangle whose base is
eter of a circular base are as given. Assume that the radius of
the base is 4. 4 ft and height is 5 ft. The cross sections perpendicular to
the altitude are semicircles. Find the volume of the solid.
1. 2.
6. A hole of radius 1 ft is drilled through the middle of the
solid sphere of radius r  2 ft. Find the volume of the

Fundamentals exercises allow 6.3 Volumes of Solids: Slicing Method 339 remaining solid. See FIGURE 6.3.16.

r1
students23.to
right isosceles triangle that is y solve
x, y  x problems
1, x  0, y  2; based
y-axis
x
y
xes and the line x  y  3. The 24. x  y  2, x  0, y  0, y  1; x-axis
on key concepts
r to the y-axis are squares. Find from the section.
25. y  1x  1, x  5, y  0; x  5 x
y
FIGURE 6.3.15 Cross sections
are semicircles

FIGURE 6.3.14 Cross sections

wn in FIGURE 6.3.17 hasSolutions 26. to
x  yodd-numbered problems
2
height h , x  1; x  1 are equilateral triangles
1>3
B. Show that the volume of the 27. y  x , x  0, y  1; y  2
1
3 are included
hB. [Hint: Let b denote the asan
28. x  y 2y, xappendix.
 0; x  2 2
3. The base of a solid is bounded by the curves x  y2 and
x  4 in the xy-plane. The cross sections perpendicular to
quare base.] 2 2 the x-axis are rectangles for which the height is four times
29. x  y  16, x  5; y-axis FIGURE 6.3.16 Hole through sphere
the base. Find the volume of the solid. in Problem 6
30. y  x 2  6x  9, y  9  12 x 2; x-axis
31. x  y 2, y  x  6; y-axis
Marginal
32. yFigures
 x  1, x help
0, y  9;students
y-axis understand
3

3
33. y  x  x, y  0; x-axis
problems
34. yand
 x concepts
1, x  1, y  0; throughout
x-axis the text.
3

x 35. y  e , x  1, y  1; y  2
x

36. y  e x, y  1, x  2; x-axis
Pyramid in Problem 8 37. y  0cos x 0 , y  0, 0  x  2p; x-axis
38. y  sec x, x  p>4, x  p>4, y  0; x-axis
FIGURE 6.3.18.
Use the disk or
ume of the solid of revolution
39. y  tan x, y  0, x  p>4; x-axis Think About It exercises deal with
e given region about the indi- 40. y  sin x, y  cos x, x  0, first quadrant; x-axis
conceptual aspects of the material
10. R1 about OA
Think About It covered in that section and are suitable for
12. R2 about OC
41. Reread Problems 68–70 in Exercises 6.2 on Cavalieri’s
14. R2 about AB
Principle. Then show that the circular cylinders in FIGURE 6.3.19 assignment or for classroom discussion.
have the same volume.
B (1, 1)

r r

h h

R1 Dennis Zill is known for his strong

x FIGURE 6.3.19 Cylinders in Problem 41

egions for
A exercise sets and this edition is packed
42. Consider the right circular cylinder of radius a shown in with more than 7300 Problems!
FIGURE 6.3.20. A plane inclined at an angle u to the base of the
k or washer method to find the cylinder passes through a diameter of the base. Find the
on that is formed by revolving volume of the resulting wedge cut from the cylinder when
hs of the given equations about (a) u  45° (b) u  60°.

s
y-axis

xis

0; x-axis

; x-axis
; y-axis a
x-axis
FIGURE 6.3.20 Cylinder and wedge

4
 0, first quadrant; y-axis
40 Tall Pine Drive | Sudbury, MA | 01776 | 978-443-5000 | www.jbpub.com
in Problem 42
 59957_CH13a_681-748.qxd 11/6/09 6:17 PM Page 684 59957_CH13a_681-748.qxd 11/6/09 6:17 PM Page 686

684 CHAPTER 13 Partial Derivatives 686 CHAPTER 13 Partial Derivatives

y Thus, as shown in FIGURE 13.1.5, the curves of equipotential are concentric circles surrounding the Poiseuille’s law states that the discharge rate, or rate of flow, of a viscous fluid (such as
charge. Note that in Figure 13.1.5 we can get a feeling for the behavior of the function U, specif- blood) through a tube (such as an artery) is
ically where it is increasing (or decreasing), by observing the direction of increasing c.
R4
Qk ( p  p2),
Level Curves In general, if a function of two variables is given by z  f (x, y), then the curves L 1
x defined by f (x, y)  c, for suitable c, are called the level curves of f. The word level arises from where k is a constant, R is the radius of the tube, L is its length, and p1 and p2 are the pres-
c1 the fact that we can interpret f (x, y)  c as the projection onto the xy-plane of the curve of inter- sures at the ends of the tube. This is an example of a function of four variables.
section, or trace, of z  f (x, y) and the (horizontal or level) plane z  c. See FIGURE 13.1.6.
c  12 Note: Since it would take four dimensions, we cannot graph a function of three variables.
z
increasing
potential plane
FIGURE 13.1.5 Equipotential curves in
zc
59957_CH13a_681-748.qxd 11/6/09 6:17 PM Page 684 EXAMPLE 8 Domain of a Function of Four Variables
Example 6 The domain of the rational function of three variables
surface
z  ƒ(x, y) 2x  3y  z
f (x, y, z) 
y 4  x2  y2  z2

y
is the set of points (x, y, z) that satisfy x 2  y2  z2  4. In other words, the domain of f is
all of 3-space except the points that lie on the surface of a sphere of radius 2 centered at the
increasing
x origin.
684 CHAPTER 13 Partial Derivatives
ƒ(x, y)  c values of ƒ
x
(a) (b)
An unfortunate, but standard, choice Level Surfaces For a function of three variables, w  f (x, y, z), the surfaces defined by
FIGURE 13.1.6 Surface in (a) and level curves in (b) of words, since level surfaces are f (x, y, z)  c, where c is a constant, are called level surfaces for the function f.
usually not level.
EXAMPLE 7 Level Curves
y Thus, as shown in FIGURE 13.1.5, the curves of equipotential are concentric circles surrounding the
The level curves of the polynomial function f (x, y)  y 2  x 2 are the family of charge. Note that
curves defined in Figure 13.1.5 we can get a feelingEXAMPLE Some Level
for the9behavior ofSurfaces
the function U, specif-
by y2  x 2  c. As shown in FIGURE 13.1.7, when c 7 0 or c 6 0, a member of this family of (a) The level surfaces of the polynomial f (x, y, z)  x  2y  3z are a family of paral-
curves is a hyperbola. For c  0, we obtain the lines y  x and y  x.
ically where it is increasing (or decreasing), by observing the direction of increasing c.
lel planes defined by x  2y  3z  c. See FIGURE 13.1.12.
(b) The level surfaces of the polynomial f (x, y, z)  x 2  y2  z2 are a family of con-
z
z  y 2  x2 Level Curves In general, if a function of two variables iscentricgivenspheres
by z defined x 2 then
 f (x,by y), y2  the
z2  curves
c, c 7 0. See FIGURE 13.1.13.
defined by f (x, y)  c, for suitable c, are called the level(c)curves
The levelof surfaces
f. The of the rational
word f (x, y, z)  (x 2  y2)>z are given by
functionfrom
level arises
c1 x1
y c c0
(x 2  y2)>z  c or x 2  y2  cz. A few members of this family of paraboloids are
y
c1 the fact that we can interpret f (x, y)  c as the projection ontogiventhe 13.1.14. of the curve of inter-
xy-plane
in FIGURE
x section, or trace, of z  f (x, y) and the (horizontal or level) plane z  c. See FIGURE 13.1.6. z c1
c  1
c  12
x z z
c2
(a) increasing
(b) z
FIGURE 13.1.7 Surface and level curves in Example 7
potential plane
zc y
In most instances the FIGURE 13.1.5
task of Equipotential
graphing level curves curves in
of a function of two variables
z  f (x, y) is formidable.Example
A CAS was 6 used to generate the surfaces and corresponding level
y
y c  2
curves in FIGURE 13.1.8 and FIGURE 13.1.9. surface x
z  ƒ(x, y) x

2
2 x y c  1
FIGURE 13.1.12 Level surfaces FIGURE 13.1.13 Level surfaces FIGURE 13.1.14 Level surfaces
in (a) of Example 9 in (b) of Example 9 in (c) of Example 9
1 1 y
0 Exercises 13.1 Answers to selected odd-numbered problems begin on page ANS-40.
increasing
z 0
x
values of ƒ
1 2 Fundamentals ƒ(x, y)  c x 5. f (s, t)  s3  2t 2  8st 6. f (u, y) 
u
1 (b)
(a) 1–10, find the domain of the given function. ln (u2  y2)
1
In Problems
2 0 y FIGURE 13.1.6 Surface in xy (a) and level curves in (b) tan u  tan f
1. f (x, y)  2 2. f (x, y)  (x 2  9y2)2 7. g(r, s)  e2r 2s2  1 8. g(u, f) 
2
1
1
x  y2 1  tan u tan f
0
9. H(u, y, w)  2u2  y2  w 2  16
x 1
2
2 2
2 1 0 1 EXAMPLE
2 7 Level Curves3. f (x, y)  y2 4. f (x, y)  x 2  y2 14  y
(a) (b) y  x2 225  x 2  y2
2
10. f (x, 2
FIGURE 13.1.8 Graph of f (x, y)  2 sin xy in (a); level curves in (b) The level curves of the polynomial function f (x, y)  y  x are the family ofy,curves
z)  defined
z5
by y2  x 2  c. As shown in FIGURE 13.1.7, when c 7 0 or c 6 0, a member of this family of
curves is a hyperbola. For c  0, we obtain the lines y  x and y  x.
59957_CH13c_681-748.qxd 10/28/09 9:40 AM Page 727
z  y 2  x2
z
c1 y c1 c0
y

x
13.7 Tangent Planes and Normal Lines 727
c  1

Vivid 3-Dimentional
EXAMPLE 4 Equation of a Tangent Plane Drawings x
1 2 1 2 (a) (b)
allow
(1, 1, 5). students to visualize
Find an equation of the tangent plane to the graph of the paraboloid z  x  y  4 at 2 2 FIGURE 13.1.7 Surface and level curves in Example 7
z

important
the given point iscalculus concepts.
1 2 1 2
Solution Define F(x, y, z)  x  y  z  4 so that the level surface of F passing
2 2 In most instances the task of graphing level curves of a function of two variables
5
through F(x, y, z)  F(1, 1, 5) or F(x, y, z)  0. Now, F  x, F 
zy, and
f (x, y) is formidable. A CAS was used to generate the surfaces and corresponding level
x y
Fz  1 so that curves in FIGURE 13.1.8 and FIGURE 13.1.9.
F(1, 1, 5)
§F(x, y, z)  xi  yj  k and §F(1, 1, 5)  i  j  k.
Hence, from (5) the desired equation is 2 2
y
(x  1)  (y  1)  (z  5)  0 or x  y  z  3. (1, 1, 0)
x
See FIGURE 13.7.7. 1 FIGURE 13.7.7 Tangent plane in 1
Example 4
Normal Line Let P(x0, y0, z0) be a point on the graph of F(x, y, z)  c where §F is not 0.
0
The line containing P(x0, y0, z0) that is parallel to §F(x0, y0, z0) is called the normal line to thez
0
surface at P. The normal line is perpendicular to the tangent plane to the surface at P.
1 2
EXAMPLE 5 Normal Line 1
1
0 y
Find parametric equations for the normal line to the surface in Example 4 at (1, 1, 5). 2

Solution A direction vector for the normal line at (1, 1, 5) is §F(1, 1, 5)  i  j  k.
2
Marginal Annotations and guidance annotations
1
0
1 2
1
2
It follows from (4) of Section 11.5 that parametric equations for the normal line are x 2 2 1 0 1 2
x  1  t, y  1  t, z  5  t. provide students with tips or important asides.
(a)
FIGURE 13.1.8 Graph of f (x, y)  2 sin xy in (a); level curves in (b)
(b)
Expressed as symmetric equations the normal line to a surface F(x, y, z)  c at P(x0, y0, z0)
is given by
x  x0 y  y0 z  z0 .
 
Fx (x0, y0, z0) Fy(x0, y0, z0) Fz(x0, y0, z0)
In Example 5, you should verify that symmetric equations of the normal line at (1, 1, 5) are
y1 z5
x1  .
1 1
stream

f NOTES FROM THE CLASSROOM 100

80 P
Water flowing down a hill chooses a path in the direction of the greatest change in altitude. 60
FIGURE 13.7.8 shows the contours, or level curves, of a hill. As shown in the figure, a stream 40
30
starting at point P will take a path that is perpendicular to the contours. After reading contours of a hill
Sections 13.7 and 13.8 you should be able to explain why.
FIGURE 13.7.8 Stream flowing downhill

Exercises 13.7 Answers to selected odd-numbered problems begin on page ANS-42.

Fundamentals 7. f (x, y)  (x  1)2  y2; (1, 1)

In Problems 1–12, sketch the level curve or surface passing y1
through the indicated point. Sketch the gradient at the point.
8. f (x, y) 
sin x Notes from the Classroom are informal discussions
; Ap>6, 32 B

1. f (x, y)  x  2y; (6, 1) 9. f (x, y, z)  y  z; (3, 1, 1)

2. f (x, y) 
y  2x
; (1, 3)
that range from warnings about common algebraic,
10. f (x, y, z)  x 2  y2  z; (1, 1, 3)
x 11. F(x, y, z)  2x 2  y2  z2; (3, 4, 0)
3. f (x, y)  y  x 2; (2, 5) procedural, and notational errors; to misinterpretations
12. F(x, y, z)  x 2  y2  z; (0, 1, 1)
4. f (x, y)  x 2  y2; (1, 3)

5. f (x, y) 
x2 y2
 ; (2, 3)
of theorems; to advice; to questions asking the student
In Problems 13 and 14, find the points on the given surface at
which the gradient is parallel to the indicated vector.
4 9
y2
6. f (x, y)  ; (2, 2)
x 3
2
13. z  x  y ; 4i 
2
toj think
2
k
14. x  y  z  15; 27i  8j  k
about and extend the ideas presented.
1
2

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Single Variable Calculus
Early Transcendentals
Fourth Edition
Dennis G. Zill, Loyola Marymount University
Warren S. Wright, Loyola Marymount University
ISBN-13: 978-0-7637-4965-1
Hardcover • 673 Pages • © 2011
Dennis Zill’s mathematics texts are renowned for
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Appropriate for the first two terms in the college
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Calculus course.
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Dennis G. Zill, Loyola Marymount University
Warren S. Wright, Loyola Marymount University
ISBN-13: 978-0-7637-4966-8
Hardcover • 469 Pages • © 2011
Appropriate for the third semester in the
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Calculus of Functions of Several Variables,
Integral Calculus of Functions of Several Variables,
Vector Integral Calculus, and an Introduction to
Differential Equations.
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