LaRC Systems Engineering

Development Program
Overview of
Project Management and Systems Engineering

Planning and the Work Breakdown Structure

Course Objectives

Upon completion of this module the participants will:

Be familiar with the various elements of the planning
process
Be familiar with the concept of planning and how it is
accomplished
Understand the importance of a WBS
Be able to identify the uses of a WBS
Develop a WBS
Understand the need for and contents of a WBS
Dictionary
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Need for Planning

Planning

Need for Planning

is something

Need for Planning

You really should do.

you really should do.

Project Planning
DEVELOP SOLUTION

REQUIREMENTS

WBS

RESPONSIBILITY
MATRIX

Organization

"WHO DOES
WHAT"
WORK PLAN AND
RESOURCE PLAN

"WHEN"
"HOW
MUCH"

$$ BUDGET

EVMS

"HOW
WELL"

"HOW"

Planning Elements
Work Breakdown Structure
Identification of tasks
Determination of implementation methods
Assignment of responsibility
Development of task details
Development of schedule
Development of resources required

Baseline

Project Plan

Work Breakdown Structure

Uses of WBS

The WBS is an essential tool used for:

Defining the total work content

Assigning responsibilities
Allocating resources
Determining schedules
Estimating, allocating, controlling and reporting costs (budgeting)
Identifying, analyzing and managing risk
Allocating and verifying requirements

NASA WBS Guidelines

Preliminary WBS - developed during the formulation phase

Final WBS - generated following approval / contractor
selection
7120.5D prescribes WBS to be used to level 2
Level of visibility consistent with cost/schedule/risk
considerations
Program/project shall develop a companion WBS dictionary
that narratively describes the overall structure and content
of each individual element of the WBS

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Product-Oriented
Work Breakdown Structure

A hierarchical structure that maps the projects

products from top level to the lowest level
component

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Product-Oriented
Work Breakdown Structure
A Method to Achieve Logical Decomposition of a
Large/Complex Thing

The Whole

Its Pieces

Pieces are successively decomposed into smaller and smaller

pieces until each piece is a manageable size

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Example of Product-Oriented WBS

Car
1.0

Propulsion System
1.1

Differential
1.1.1

Camshaft
& Pistons
1.1.3.2

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Body

Steering System

1.3

1.2

Transmission
1.1.2

Intake
Manifold
1.1.3.3

Cooling
System
1.1.3.4

Options
1.4

Engine
1.1.3

Engine
Block
1.1.3.5

Crankshaft
1.1.3.6

Engine
Controller
1.1.3.7

Exhaust
1.1.3.8

Definitions with Regard to

Work Breakdown Structure

Product-Oriented Work Breakdown Structure

A hierarchical structure that maps the projects
products from top level to the lowest level
component

Work-Oriented Work Breakdown Structure

A hierarchical structure that maps the projects
work functions from top level to the lowest
level activity

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Work-Oriented
Work Breakdown Structure
Mission
Management
1.0

Project
Management
1.1

Systems
Engineering
1.2

Concept
Development
1.2.1

Preliminary
Design
1.2.2.1

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Detail
Design
1.2.2.2

Generate
Drawings
1.2.2.3

Science
Definition
1.3

Design
1.2.2

Prepare
Specs
1.2.2.4

Analysis
1.2.3

Material
Identification
1.2.2.5

Test &
Integration
1.4

Software
Development
1.2.4

Stress
Analysis
1.2.2.6

Operations
1.5

Product-Oriented
Work Breakdown Structure
Mission
1.0

Observatory
1.2

Launch
Vehicle
1.1

Instrument A
1.2.1

Software
1.2.2.1

16

Thermal
System
1.2.2.2

Ext. Power
System
1.2.2.3

Ground
Station
1.3

Bus
1.2.2

Instrument B
1.2.3

GN&C
System
1.2.2.4

Maneuvering
System
1.2.2.5

Instrument C
1.2.4

Structural
Systems
1.2.2.6

Construction of WBS
SYSTEM

Use Product-Oriented
WBS
SubSystem
A

Add functions
required to make
project work
SubSystem
A

SubSystem
B

SubSystem
C

SubSystem
D

SubSystem
B

SubSystem
C

SubSystem
D

SYSTEM

Training

Testing

Systems
Eng.

Project
Mngmt

Etc.

Notes: NASA uses Product-Oriented WBS as above.

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Product-Oriented
Work Breakdown Structure
Mission 1.0
Mission
Assurance
1.1

System
Engineering
1.2

Observatory
Integration
1.3.1

Instrument
Integration
1.3.4.7

Subsystem
Integration
1.3.5.1

Mission
Assurance
1.3.4.6

Launch
vehicle
1.4

Observatory
1.3

System
Engineering
1.3.4.5

Mission
Assurance
1.3.2

Instrument
Management
1.3.4.4

Science
1.5

System
Engineering
1.3.3

Instrument
1.3.4

SS-A
1.3.4.3

Mission
Assurance
1.3.5.2

System
Engineering
1.3.5.3

Subsystem
Mgmt
1.3.5.4

Software
1.3.5.5

Component
Integration
13.5.6.7

Mission
Assurance
1.3.5.6.6

System
Engineering
1.3.5.6.5

Component
Mgmt
1.3.5.6.4

Bus
1.3.5

SS-B
1.3.4.2

EPS
1.3.5.6

Solar Array
1.3.5.6.3

Manufacturing 1.3.5.6.3.4

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Observatory
Management
1.3.6

SS-C
1.3.4.1

Thermal
1.3.5.7

GN&C
1.3.5.8

Battery
1.3.5.6.2

PMAD
1.3.5.6.1

Design
Drawings & Specs. 1.3.5.6.3.2

Project
Management
1.7

Operations
1.6

1.3.5.6.3.1

Stress Analysis 1.3.5.6.3.3

Final Assembly 1.3.5.6.3.5

ECT.
1.3.5..ect..

WBS Attributes

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Top down
Hierarchical
Requirements driven
Allows identification of resources to perform the work
Schedule
Cost
Personnel
Materials and processes
Facilities
Describes the total effort (Sum of all WBS Elements)
Promotes clear lines of accountability
System interactions can be established
Continues to level at which work is being done

Space Flight Project WBS (7120.5D)

Space Flight Project

Project
Management
01

Systems
Engineering
02

Safety & Mission

Assurance
03

Science /
Technology
04

Launch Vehicle /
Services
08

Spacecraft

05

06

Ground
System(s)
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Figure G.4-1 NPR 7102.5D

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Payload(s)

Systems Integration
& Testing
10

Mission
Operations
07

Education and
Public Outreach
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LIFESAT2
Level 2 WBS Exercise
Project Level WBS
Use the case study
Define how the LIFESAT 2
Protoflight Development and Flight
Operations will fit into the Flight
Support and Ground Systems WBS

Discuss results with the class

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Program/Project/Contractor WBS

Program WBS

Level

SPACE STATION PROGRAM

Space Station
Development
Program

2
3
4
5
6

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Contract WBS

WPO1

Supporting
Development

Reserved

WPO2

WPO3

Prime
Contractor

WPO4

Prime Contractor

US Lab
Element

Habitation
Element

Logistics
Element

Log Module
(Pressurized)

Unpressurized
Log Carrier

LIFESAT2 Exercise III-2-B

Contractor Level WBS

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Use the case study

Develop the RRS Spacecraft WBS
Element down to the subsystem
level
Develop the Structure Subsystem
WBS Element down to Contractor
level 3
Discuss results with the class

WBS Dictionary

A complete narrative description of the specific

work content of each WBS element, defined at
the lowest level of detail, that provides
additional data useful to project management

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WBS Dictionary Elements

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Statement of work to be performed

Associated resources
Schedule Information
Dependencies (to/from)
Deliverable(s)
Risk considerations

WBS Dictionary Example

1.1.3 Deorbit Propulsion Subsystem
STATEMENT OF WORK
This WBS element includes the design development, assembly &
functional testing of the Deorbit Propulsion Subsystem

ASSOCIATED RESOURCES
Cost not to exceed $9.8 m
The propulsion system team will consist of system engineering,
design engineering, manufacturing, fueling personnel, propulsion
test personnel, computer systems engineers, test conductors, and
quality assurance personnel
The propulsion system test stand will be used for functional testing

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WBS Dictionary Example (contd.)

Schedule Information
The propulsion subsystem must be delivered within 17 months
Dependencies
Spacecraft systems design
Interface specifications
Deliverables
Deorbit Propulsion System Design Documents
Subsystem specifications
Deorbit propulsion subsystem including tankage, nozzles,
propellant lines, valves, etc
System to be provided ready for integration into spacecraft
assembly prior to all up functional and qualification testing.
Test plans
Risk Considerations
Interface Specifications delayed
Deorbit rockets fail to fire
Insufficient fuel available to deorbit
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Summary
Discussed the various elements of the
planning process
Discussed the concept of planning and how
it is accomplished
Established the importance of a WBS
Identified the uses of a WBS
Developed a WBS
Discussed the need for and contents of a
WBS Dictionary
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Comments

Does anyone have anything they

would like to share with the group
about WBS?

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