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Inter Frequency Handover

UMTS on 2nd Carrier

Inter-Frequency Handover

Inter-frequency handover (IFHO) allows the


UTRAN to switch the serving frequency of the
UE during dedicated channel state.
Like the inter-RAT handover, the inter-frequency
handover procedure consists of two steps:
The inter-frequency measurements
The inter-frequency handover

Since IFHO is a hard handover, it employs


compressed mode to facilitate inter-frequency
measurements.

Enabling IFHO
RNC
Parameter

Level

at&t Default

fddIfHoSupp

RNC

FALSE *

defaultHoType

RNC

1*

Level

at&t Default

Comment
Indicates if the RNC supports Inter-Frequency Handover.
* Should be set to TRUE to enable IFHO.
For performing IFHO or IRAT HO for UEs that have drifted to
another RNC, the SRNC needs to know the handover type for cells
in the DRNC. This information is set in defaultHoType in the
WcdmaCarrier MO and is defined for each carrier that serves as a
DRNC. IFHO_PREFERRED = 0, GSM_PREFERRED = 1
NONE = 2 *Should be set to 0 to allow IFHO in the drift RNC.

Cell
Parameter

hoType

Cell

1*

Comment
This parameter indicates per cell if GSM HO, IFHO or none shall
be attempted: IFHO_PREFERRED = 0, GSM_PREFERRED = 1
NONE = 2 * Should be set to 0 to enable IFHO.

UeRc
Parameter

Level

at&t Default

Comment

C_IfHoAllowed

UeRc

0*

Indicates per UeRc state if Inter-Frequency HO is allowed;


0 = Not Allowed, 1 = Allowed * Should be set to 1 to enable IFHO

C_gsmHoAllowed

UeRc

Indicates per UeRc state if Inter-RAT HO is allowed;


0 = Not Allowed, 1 = Allowed

IFHO Block Diagram


1
2
This part is
common to
IF and IRAT

Call Start: DCH ESTABLISHED AND UE


CAPABILITIES CHECK

CONNECTION QUALITY MONITORING START

BAD QUALITY DETECTED


(event 2d or 6d)
no
yes

IF neighbours exist AND


hoType condition fullfilled AND
IFHO allowed for current UeRc
IF EVALUATION STOP

IF EVALUATION START
(Compressed Mode)

4a
4b AS or RAB state change

IF neighbours not available OR


IFHO not allowed for current UeRc

5
6

GOOD QUALITY DETECTED


(event 2f or 6b)

yes

IFHO CONDITIONS FULLFILLED


(event 2b)

IFHO EXECUTION

UE moves to new carrier

Connection Quality Monitoring

Connection Quality Monitoring consists of measurements based on:


DL P-CPICH Ec/No and DL P-CPICH RSCP measurements running
in parallel;
UL UE Tx power measurements.

uplink

Ue Tx Power
downlink

quality = good if all


measurement items are good

CPICH RSCP
CPICH Ec/No

quality = bad if at least


one measurement is bad
CONNECTION QUALITY MONITORING

Configurable
thresholds for DL
based event
triggering

RSCP

Ec/No

bad

good

bad

UeTxPwr

good

good

bad

Max UE Tx pwr for


UL based event
triggering

Bad Quality Detected


3

UE

BAD QUALITY DETECTED


(event 2d or 6d)

RNC
RRC Connection Request

MEASUREMENT REPORT
Reporting event type
Event 2d with indication if it is referring to
Ec/No or RSCP measurements
Event 6d (UETX pwr)

RRC Connection Setup


RRC Connection Setup Complete
RRC Measurement Control
RRC Measurement Report

Connection Quality Status Update


e2d Ec/No
E

E
e2f Ec/No

OR

e2d RSCP

OR

Ec/No

RSCP

UeTx

e6d

e2f RSCP
e6b
Event 2d: If the WCDMA quality on the current used frequency goes below usedFreqThresh2d threshold minus the corresponding
hysteresis, and the condition is maintained during timeToTrigger2d. (can be EcNo or RsCP)

Event 6d: If the UE Tx Power reaches the maximum and the condition is maintained during a time period timeToTrigger6d
Event 2f: If the WCDMA RAN quality on the current used frequency goes above usedFreqRelThresh2f+usedFreqThresh2d threshold plus
the corresponding hysteresis, and the condition is maintained during timeToTrigger2f. (can be EcNo or RsCP)
Event 6b: If the UE Tx Power goes below ueTxPowerThresh6b threshold, and the condition is maintained during a time period
timeToTrigg6b

IFHO Evaluation Start


4 Compress Mode

Compressed Mode Methodology is dependant on the Bearer type:


For conversational bearers, compressed mode is accomplished by accelerating the
data transmission rate (by halving the spreading factor) for a brief period of time
to allow a break in transmission for IFHO OR IRAT measurements
For non-conversational class bearers, data transmission is briefly suspended by
higher layers (layer2) to allow for IFHO or IRAT measurements to be performed

Due to limitations in the Compressed Mode gap patterns used, measurements


for Inter-Frequency Evaluation and Inter-RAT Evaluation are not performed
simultaneously. A decision has to be made on whether evaluation should be
made for Inter-Frequency handover or Inter-RAT handover or Inter-RAT CellChange.
The type of handover to be attempted is set by the parameter
hoType (IFHO_PREFERRED, GSM_PREFERRED, NONE) and
per carrier frequency for external DRNC cells (defaultHoType).

IFHO Condition Fulfilled


5
IFHO CONDITIONS FULFILLED (event 2b)

UE

RRC Connection Request

RNC
Ec/No or RSCP
Used frequency

RRC Connection Setup

Ec/No / RSCP
Non-used frequency

RRC Connection Setup Complete


RRC Measurement Control

Execute handover
(event 2b)

RRC Measurement Report

Start IF meas.

RRC Measurement Control


RRC Measurement Report

Condition on used frequency:


Ec/No < UsedFreqThresh2dEcno + UsedFreqRelThresh4_2bEcno - Hyst4_2b / 2
RSCP < UsedFreqThresh2dRscp + UsedFreqRelThresh4_2bRscp - Hyst4_2b / 2
RSCP < UsedFreqThresh2dRscp + UsedFreqRelThresh4_2bRscp + utranRelThreshRscp - Hyst4_2b / 2

AND
Depending on whether the IF measurements were started
due to Ec/No or
RSCP or
UE Tx power
time

Condition on non-used frequency:


Ec/No > NonUsedFreqThresh4_2bEcno + Hyst4_2b / 2
AND
RSCP > NonUsedFreqThresh4_2bRscp + Hyst4_2b / 2

IFHO Condition Fulfilled

If the Inter-Frequency Handover Evaluation


receives an event 2b MEASUREMENT REPORT
while it is already processing another
MEASUREMENT REPORT, the new one is
buffered.
There is one buffer for the only specified
event 2 MEASUREMENT REPORT. The buffer
holds only the last received report so a new
received report overwrites a report already in
the buffer.
If no event 2b report is buffered, then IFHO
attempts shall be repeated. The number of

IFHO Execution
6 Flow Diagram

The Execution part assesses the amount


of resources in the target WCDMA RAN
cell, according to the proposal received
from the Inter-Frequency Handover
Evaluation algorithm. It interacts with the
Capacity Management functions.
If the attempt succeeds, the actions
necessary to fulfill the handover proposal
are executed.

If execution fails, exception handling is


performed to return to stable situation and
keep the UE connection on the source
WCDMA RAN frequency.

IFHO EXECUTION

IFHO Parameters
Parameter

usedFreqThresh2dEcNo

usedFreqThresh2dRSCP

timeToTrigger2dEcNo

Level

Cell

Cell

RNC

at&t Default

-12 (HHO)
-15 (SHO)

Comment

Threshold for event 2d (the estimated quality of the currently used


WCDMA RAN frequency is below a certain threshold).
Used if measurement quantity is configured to be Ec/No.

-103 to -109 (HHO)


-112 (SHO)

Threshold for event 2d (the estimated power level of the currently used
WCDMA RAN frequency is below a certain threshold).
Used if measurement quantity is configured to be Rscp.

320

Time in milliseconds (ms) between detection of event 2d and sending


of the measurement report, when the measurement quantity is CPICH
EC/NO.
Time in milliseconds (ms) between detection of event 2d and sending
of the measurement report, when the measurement quantity is CPICH
RSCP.

timeToTrigger2dRSCP

RNC

320

hysteresis2d

RNC

Hysteresis for event 2d (Unit: 0.5 dB).

usedFreqRelThresh2fEcno

RNC

Relative threshold for event 2f vs event 2d for the used frequency


when the measurement quantity is Ec/No.

usedFreqRelThresh2fRscp

RNC

Relative threshold for event 2f vs event 2d for the used frequency


when the measurement quantity is RSCP.

timeToTrigger2fEcNo

RNC

640

Time in milliseconds (ms) between detection of event 2f and sending


of the measurement report, when the measurement quantity is CPICH
EC/NO.
Time in milliseconds (ms) between detection of event 2f and sending
of the measurement report, when the measurement quantity is CPICH
RSCP.

timeToTrigger2fRSCP

RNC

640

hysteresis2f

RNC

Hysteresis for event2f (Unit: 05.dB).

IFHO Parameters
Parameter

Level

at&t Default

ueTxPowerThresh6b

RNC

21

Comment
Threshold for event 6b.
Time between detection of event 6b and sending of the measurement
report.

timeTrigg6b

timeTotrigger6d

usedFreqRelThresh4_2bEcNo

RNC

1280

RNC

N/A
320 *

RNC

Time between detection of event 6d and sending of the measurement


report
* Default value by Ericsson has replaced timeTrigg6a

-1

Relative threshold for event 2b vs event 2d, when the 2d measurement


with measurement quantity CPICH EC/NO was started.
This parameter is used to compute the absolute 2b Ec/No used
frequency threshold, by adding it to the current 2d Ec/No threshold
(absolute 2b Ec/No used frequency threshold = usedFreqThresh2dEcno
+ usedFreqRelThresh4_2bEcno).

usedFreqRelThresh4_2bRSCP

RNC

-3

Relative threshold for event 2b vs event 2d when the 2d measurement


with measurement quantity CPICH RSCP was started.
This parameter is used to compute the absolute 2b Rscp threshold, by
adding it to the current 2d Rscp threshold (absolute 2b Rscp used
frequency threshold = usedFreqThresh2dRscp +
usedFreqRelThresh4_2bRscp).

nonUsedFreqThresh4_2bEcNo

RNC

-13

Threshold for measurement 4 event 2b for the non-used frequencies


when the measurement quantity is Ec/No.

nonUsedFreqThresh4_2bRSCP

RNC

-105

Threshold for measurement 4 event 2b for the non-used frequencies


when the measurement quantity is RSCP.

IFHO Parameters
Parameter

utranRelThreshRSCP

timeTrigg4_2b

Level

RNC

RNC

at&t Default

Comment

Relative threshold used during bad connection quality, when the


measurement quantity is CPICH RSCP.
The absolute 2b used frequency threshold will be calculated as:
absolute 2b Rscp used frequency threshold = usedFreqThresh2dRscp +
usedFreqRelThresh4_2bRscp + utranRelThreshRscp.

100

Time between detection of event 2b and sending of the measurement


report, for measurement 4.
Unit: 1 ms

Hyst4_2b

RNC

10

Hysteresis for measurement 4 event 2b.


Unit: 0.1dB

IfhoAmountPropRepeat

RNC

Maximum number of repeated proposals of non-used frequency cell(s)


for handover based on the same measurement report

Minimum time interval between proposals of the same non-used


frequency cell for handover based on the same measurement report.
Unit: 0.2 seconds

IfHoPropRepeatInterval

RNC

IFHO Scenario Overlay

Adding the second carrier where capacity increase is most needed.


As the traffic in the network increases, the second carrier coverage is then
expanded gradually.

Call continuity to support for


mobile units leaving and
entering the multi-carrier area
while in Cell_DCH stateis
usually provided through IFHO

UMTS F2

UMTS F1

IFHO Scenario Overlay


Cell Reselection

IRAT

IFLS

IFHO

IRAT

IFHO

IFHO

IFHO

IRAT

IRAT

IRAT

F2

IRAT

GSM

B
B

UMTS F2

B
B
B
UMTS F1

F1 IRAT and F2 - IFHO

Border setting for 2d


thresholds for EDGE f2 cells.
usedFreqThresh2dEcNo,
usedFreqThresh2dRSCP.

Ensure quality on non used freq


before event 2b.
nonUsedFreqThresh4_2bEcNo,
nonUsedFreqThresh4_2bRSCP
These thresholds should always
be higher than 2d triggers so
ping-pong hard handovers dont
occuer.

F1

IFHO Scenario Infill sites

A F2 cell is added where there is a coverage hole.


Scenario is only caused when F1 cell cannot be built in the area.
Requires the spectrum to be cleared for both band!

Long term plan should be to either


convert the F2 cell into F1 or dual
banding the infill site
UMTS F2
UMTS F1

IFHO Scenario Infill sites


Cell Reselection

IFHO

IRAT

IFHO
IRAT

IFHO

F2

IFHO

IRAT

F1 IRAT/IFHO and F2 IFHO

2d thresholds for F2 are set


to border settings for quicker
IFHO
2d thresholds for F1 are set
to interior settings for slower
IFHO.

F1

GSM
Small road
Drop Call!

UMTS F2
UMTS F1

Due to limitations in the Compressed


Mode gap patterns used, measurements
for Inter-Frequency Evaluation and InterRAT Evaluation are not performed
simultaneously. A decision has to be
made on whether evaluation should be
made for Inter-Frequency handover or
Inter-RAT handover or Inter-RAT CellChange.

Highway

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