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Thermometer,
condenser,
distillation flask,
Bunsen burner,
copper sulfate solution,
retort stand,
receiving flask
Conclusion
Method
Observation
The solution started to boil at ..C.
Colourless vapour evaporated and
formed drops of clear liquid in the
condenser.
The drops ran down the condenser
and were collected in the receiving
flask.
Fractionating column
Thermometer,
condenser,
3 distillation flasks,
bunsen burner,
Solution (alcohol and water),
retort stand,
Method
The apparatus was set up as shown in
the diagram
Observations were noted
Observations
The solution started to boil at ..C.
Vapours evaporated from the solution
and travelled up the fractionating
column
The vapours cooled and condensed in
the column
Clear, colourless drops condensed and
ran down the condenser into the
receiving flask where they were
collected
After the first fraction was obtained, a
sharp rise in temperature was noted
and a second fraction was collected
then
The temperature then remained at
100C and a third fraction was
collected containing a colourless
liquid.
Fractional distillation
-
Conclusion
A mixture of miscible liquids was
separated by the method of fractional
distillation
The first fraction collected was alcohol
and the third fraction was water
The second fraction collected a
mixture of two fractions.
Applications of fractional distillation
Can you suggest an application of
fractional distillation?
Separation of crude oil