Steady State & Dynamic FACTS Model

INTRO D UC TIO N
MiPower is highly interactive, user-friendly windows
based Power System Analysis Software Package. It
includes a set of modules for performing various studies
like Load Flow, Short Circuit, Dynamic studies, etc.
Numerous elements of power system can be modeled
using MiPower. In the recent developments, Flexible AC
Transmission systems (FACTS) such as Static VAR
Compensator (SVC), Static Synchronous Compensator
(STATCOM), Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor
(TCSC), Static Phase Shifter (SPS) and Unified Power
Flow Controller (UPFC) are also added as new elements.
Steady state models are developed for load flow analysis
(LFA) studies. Dynamic model include transient
simulation (TRS) studies.
FACTS devices are broadly classified into three different
types. They are
Shunt compensators (SVC, STATCOM)
Series compensators (TCSC, SPS)
Series and shunt compensators (UPFC)
The models of FACTS devices are suitable for
performing Grid Interconnected studies, transmission
planning studies, stability studies etc. The impact of
FACTS devices on system steady state performance and
transient stability enhancement can be observed.

STATI C V A R CO M P E NS ATO R ( S V C )
All standard models WT1, WT2, WT3 and WT4 can be
represented.
The model is based on thyristor controlled reactor-fixed
capacitor (TCR-FC) device model.
Variable impedance model is used.
The inductive and capacitive reactive power output
limits are considered i.e. it can be operated in the
capacitive region or inductive region as a TCR.
The slope of the SVC determines the reactive power
output of the SVC for a particular operating condition.
The dynamic model of SVC is used to study the
voltage regulation and power oscillation damping.
Facility is provided for user to design controller for
SVC.

S TA TC O M
Variable current source model is used.
The inductive and capacitive reactive power output
limits are considered.
The slope of the STATCOM determines the reactive
power output of the STATCOM for a particular
operating condition.

Steady State & Dynamic FACTS Model

TH YR I STO R C O NT RO LLE R S ER I ES
CAP AC ITO R ( TC S C)
TCSC regulates the active power flow in a line by
varying the reactance of the line.
Variable impedance model is used for TCSC with
variable inductor and fixed capacitor in parallel.
The model also considers the limits of TCSC operation
in inductive and capacitive modes.
Facility is provided for user to enter practical data and
compute the limits of TCSC operation.
Steady state model provides the value of TCSC
impedance required to maintain the regulated power
flow in the line.

UN IFI ED PO W E R FLO W CO NT RO LLER ( UPFC)

UPFC regulates both active and reactive power flow in
a line.
The voltage at the UPFC bus is controllable.
The model takes care of the limits of series voltage
and shunt voltage injection.

Series voltage
injection

UPFC Regulated Active &

Reactive Power Flow

Shunt voltage
injection

S TATI C P HA S E SHI FTE R ( S PS )

SPS regulates the active power flow in a line by
injecting a phase shift between the sending and
receiving end buses of the line.
The model also considers the angle limits of the SPS.
Steady state model provides the value of the phase
shift that is required to maintain the regulated power
flow in the line.

G RI D I N TE RC O N NE C TI O N S TU DIE S
Grid Interconnection studies include the following studies.
Power flow control & contingency management in
networks.
Frequency response behavior.
Grid stability analysis studies include voltage, angle
and frequency stability.
Reactive power and voltage control.
Power oscillation damping.
Regulation and support strategies.
Tie line flow control.

TRA N SM IS SI ON PLA N N IN G ST UD I ES
Planning new transmission lines for power evacuation.
Contingency analysis determining the loading profile of
all the other lines.
Study of shunt compensation requirement.
Study of series compensation requirement.