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MECHANICS OF
SOLIDS
Deflection of Beams
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Deflection of Beams
Deformation of a Beam Under Transverse
Loading
9-2
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Deformation of a Beam Under Transverse Loading
Relationship between bending moment and
curvature for pure bending remains valid for
general transverse loadings.
1
M ( x)
EI
Px
EI
At the support B,
GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology
0, B
EI
PL
9-3
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Deformation of a Beam Under Transverse Loading
Overhanging beam
Reactions at A and C
Bending moment diagram
Curvature is zero at points where the bending
moment is zero, i.e., at each end and at E.
1
M ( x)
EI
9-4
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Equation of the Elastic Curve
From elementary calculus, simplified for beam
parameters,
d2y
1
dx 2
2 3 2
dy
1
dx
d2y
dx 2
EI
d2y
dx
M x
x
dy
EI EI
M x dx C1
dx
0
EI y dx M x dx C1x C2
GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology
9-5
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Equation of the Elastic Curve
Constants are determined from boundary
conditions
x
EI y dx M x dx C1x C2
yB 0
Overhanging beam
y A 0,
yB 0
Cantilever beam
y A 0, A 0
More complicated loadings require multiple
integrals and application of requirement for
continuity of displacement and slope.
GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology
9-6
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 9.1
SOLUTION:
Develop an expression for M(x)
and derive differential equation for
elastic curve.
W 14 68
I 723 in 4
E 29 106 psi
P 50 kips
L 15 ft
a 4 ft
9-7
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 9.1
SOLUTION:
Pa
a
RB P1
L
L
0 x L
d2y
P
x
2
L
dx
9-8
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 9.1
Integrate differential equation twice and apply
boundary conditions to obtain elastic curve.
EI
dy
1 a
P x 2 C1
dx
2 L
1 a
EI y P x3 C1x C2
6 L
2
EI
d y
P
x
2
L
dx
at x 0, y 0 : C2 0
1 a
1
at x L, y 0 : 0 P L3 C1L C1 PaL
6 L
6
Substituting,
dy
1 a
1
EI
P x 2 PaL
dx
2 L
6
1 a
1
EI y P x3 PaLx
6 L
6
GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology
2
dy PaL
x
1 3
dx 6 EI
L
PaL2 x x
y
6 EI L L
9-9
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 9.1
Locate point of zero slope or point
of maximum deflection.
2
dy
PaL
xm
0
1 3
dx
6 EI
L
PaL2 x x
y
6 EI L L
xm
L
0.577 L
3
PaL2
ymax
0.577 0.577 3
6 EI
PaL2
ymax 0.0642
6 EI
ymax
50 kips 48 in 180 in 2
0.0642
ymax 0.238 in
GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology
9 - 10
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
9 - 11
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Method of Superposition
Principle of Superposition:
Deformations of beams subjected to
combinations of loadings may be
obtained as the linear combination of
the deformations from the individual
loadings
9 - 12
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
9 - 13
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 9.7
For the beam and loading shown,
determine the slope and deflection at
point B.
SOLUTION:
Superpose the deformations due to Loading I and Loading II as shown.
9 - 14
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 9.7
Loading I
wL3
B I
6 EI
wL4
yB I
8EI
Loading II
wL3
C II
48EI
wL4
yC II
128EI
wL4
wL3 L 7 wL4
yB II
128EI 48EI 2 384 EI
GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology
9 - 15
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 9.7
6 EI 48EI
7 wL3
B
48EI
wL4 7 wL4
yB yB I yB II
8EI 384 EI
41wL4
yB
384 EI
9 - 16
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Application of Superposition to Statically
Indeterminate Beams
9 - 17
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 9.8
For the uniform beam and loading shown,
determine the reaction at each support and
the slope at end A.
SOLUTION:
9 - 18
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 9.8
Distributed Loading:
4
3
w 2
2
3 2
yB w
L 2 L L L L
24 EI 3
3
3
wL4
0.01132
EI
RB 2 L
RB L3
yB R
L 0.01646
3EIL 3 3
EI
From statics,
RA 0.271wL
GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology
RC 0.0413wL
9 - 19
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 9.8
Slope at end A,
wL3
wL3
A w
0.04167
24 EI
EI
2
0.0688wL L 2 L
wL3
A R
L 0.03398
6 EIL 3
EI
3
wL3
wL3
A A w A R 0.04167
0.03398
EI
EI
GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology
wL3
A 0.00769
EI
9 - 20
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
9 - 21