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BRANCH
: CSE & IT
YEAR
: IV
SEMESTER: VII
UNIT - I
PART-A
UNIT-II
PART-A
1. Define Random Testing.
2. What are control flow graphs?
3. Suppose a tester believes a unit contains a specification defect which testing
strategy is best to uncover the defect. Why?
4. What is white box testing?
5. Define finite state machine.
6. Describe the difference between white box and black box testing strategy.
7. Explain the difference between random testing and testing using error guessing.
8. Define test data set.
9. Explain module interface description defects.
10. Define Typographical defects.
11. What are the two basic testing strategies?
12. Draw the simple state transition graph.
13. Define COTS?
14. What are the information should problem fix report contain?
15. Define path.
16. Give the boundaries of equivalence partition?
17. Give some samples of cause and effect graph notations?
18. Give the partial ordering for test adequacy criteria?
19. Give the representation of program primes?
20. What assumptions are made with mutation testing?
PART-B
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Explain the Equivalence class partitioning of Black Box testing with example.(16)
Explain the Boundary value analysis of Black Box testing with example. .(16)
Write a note on COTS Components. .(16)
Explain Random Testing. .(16)
Discuss the cause and effect graphing of black box testing. .(16)
Write a note on state transition testing. .(16)
Explain how to evaluate test adequacy criteria in white box test approach. .(16)
Write a note on following
i.Loop Testing(8)
ii.Mutation Testing(8)
9. Explain briefly about path and cyclomatic complexity. .(16)
10. Explain with an example how to represent the control flow graph. .(16)
10144CS15 / ST
UNIT - III
PART - A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
10144CS15 / ST
UNIT- IV
PART - A
1. What are the two fundamental maturity goals at level 2 of TMM?
2. Write the four main goals related to organization and other parties.
3. Define Goal.
4. Define Policy.
5. What are Milestones?
6. What is the scope of test?
7. Define Plan.
8. What are the test plan components?
9. Define work breakdown.
10. What is the test cost that should be included in the plan?
11. Describe cost driver.
12. Write the COCOMO equation used for an initial estimate.
13. Discuss the skills needed by a Test specialist.
14. Discuss the responsibilities for the developer/tester.
15. Define test procedure in general.
16. List the sections of Test Summary Report described by IEEE Test Standard
Documentation?
17. List the details of Test log?
18. What is problem report?
19. List the information tracked for each item in a test item transmittal report?
20. List the elements of WBS for Testing?
PART-B
1. Explain the steps in forming a test group. .(16)
2. Explain in brief about test cost impact items. .(16)
3. Explain elaborately about the basic test plan components as described in IEEE
829-1983. .(16)
4. Why is testing plan important for developing a repeatable and managed
testing process? Give example? .(16)
5. What role do user/client play in the development of test plan for a project?
Should they be present at any of the test plan reviews? Justify? .(16)
6. Explain the skills needed by a test specialist? .(16)
7. Describe the role of three critical groups in test planning and test
policy development. .(16)
8. Explain the test plan components and attachments? .(16)
9. Explain with neat diagram the hierarchy of test plans? .(16)
10. Explain the activities in reporting test results? .(16)
10144CS15 / ST
UNIT IV
PART A
1. Differentiate project controlling and project monitoring
2. Discuss the major task in Thayer Partitions
3. What is the use of milestones?
4. What are the basic key items needed for monitoring and controlling?
5. Explain monitoring Errors and Failures
6. Define Review and its benefits
7. Write the components present in review plans
8. Write the general preconditions for review
9. According to the suggestion of IEEE standard what does inspection report should contain?
10. Define DRL(Default Removal Leverage)
11. Define test measurement process
12. How The Effectiveness Metric Of Tce Is Called?
13. Define Baselines
14. State the need for reviews
15. Define testers role in control and monitoring
16. Give the criteria for test completion?
17. What are the three status options available for a review participant?
18. Write down the steps in inspection process?
19. List review roles?
20. What are the types of testing status measurements?
PART-B
1. Suppose you are a test manager, what are the milestone you should select for unit
test plan, an integration test plan, and a system test plan? .(16)
2. Suggest appropriate measurements for monitoring testing cost.(16)
3. Suggest appropriate measurements for monitoring defects/faults and failures.(16)
4. Which groups do you think should contribute to membership of a configuration
control board? Why? .(16)
5. What is a role of a tester in supporting the monitoring and controlling of testing? .(16)
6. Discuss the critical views in controlling and monitoring? .(16)
7. Explain the major activities of SCM? .(16)
8. What should be included in a milestone report for testing? Who should be included
on distribution list? .(16)
9. Discuss in detail about review types and the need for review policies? .(16)
10. How will you report Review results? .(16)
Basic principles
Processes
Standards
Measurements
Tools
Methods
Best practices
Code of ethics
Body of knowledge
Validation
Verification is usually associated with
activities such as inspections and reviews of
the s/w deliverables
Testing as a dual purpose process Reveal defects And to evaluate quality attributes
Debugging or fault localization is the process of Locating the fault or defect
Repairing the code, and Retesting the code.
Level1: Initial
Level2: Phase definition
Level3: Integration
Level4: Management and Measurement
Leval5: Optimization /Defect prevention and Quality Control
10) List the members of the critical groups in a testing process (U.Q Nov/Dec 2008)
1. Manager
2. Developer/Tester
3. User/Client
Correctness
Reliability
Usability
Integrity
Portability
Maintainability
Interoperability
Education
Communication
Oversight
Transcription
Process
3. Draw the testers view of black box and white box testing.
Test Strategy Testers View
Inputs: Black box (No Knowledge about inner structure, Focus only input and
output)
Outputs: White box (focuses on the inner structure of the software)
4. Write short notes on Random testing and Equivalence class portioning.
Each software module or system has an input domain from which test input data is selected. If a
tester randomly selects inputs from the domain, this is called random testing.
In equivalence class partitioning the input and output is divided in to equal classes or
partitions.
4. Define COTS Components.
Test Strategy Knowledge Sources Methods
Black box
1.
2.
3.
4.
Requirements document
Specifications
Domain Knowledge
Defect analysis data
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
White box
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Statement testing
Branch testing
Path testing
Data flow testing
Mutation testing
Loop testing
The reusable component may come from a code reuse library within their org or, as is most
likely, from an outside vendor who specializes in the development of specific types of software
components. Components produced by vendor org are known as commercial off- the shelf, or
COTS, components.
5. List the Knowledge Sources & Methods of black box and white box testing.
6. Define State.
Other project related issues such as timing, scheduling. And marketing constraints.
14. What are the basic primes for all structured program.
Sequential ( e.g., Assignment statements)
Condition (e.g., if/then/else statements)
Iteration (e.g., while, for loops)
The graphical representation of these three primes are given
Sequence Condition Iteration
False
True False True
15. Define path.
A path is a sequence of control flow nodes usually beginning from the entry node of a graph
through to the exit node.
16. Write the formula for cyclomatic complexity?
The complexity value is usually calculated from control flow graph(G) by the formula.
V(G) = E-N+2
Where The value E is the number of edges in the control flow graph The value N is the
number of nodes.
17. List the various iterations of Loop testing.
Unit Test
Integration Test
System Test
Acceptance Test
Functional testing
Performance testing
Stress testing
Configuration testing
Security testing
Recovery testing
The other types of system Testing are, Reliability & Usability testing.
17. Define load generator and Load.
An important tool for implementing system tests is a load generator. A load generator is
essential for testing quality requirements such as performance and stress A load is a series of
inputs that simulates a group of transactions. A transaction is a unit of work seen from the
system users view. A transaction consist of a set of operation that may be perform by a person ,
s/w system or device that is outside the system.
18. Define functional Testing.
Functional tests at the system level are used ensure that the behavior of the system
adheres to the requirement specifications.
19. What are the two major requirements in the Performance testing.
Functional Requirement: User describe what functions the software should perform. We test
for compliance of the requirement at the system level with the functional based system test.
Quality Requirement: They are nonfunctional in nature but describe quality levels
expected for the software.
20. Define stress Testing.
When a system is tested with a load that causes it to allocate its resources in maximum
amounts .It is important because it can reveal defects in real-time and other types of
systems.
UNIT 4(TEST MANAGEMENT)
1) Write the different types of goals?
i. Business goal: To increase market share 10% in the next 2 years in the area of financial
software
ii. Technical Goal: To reduce defects by 2% per year over the next 3 years.
iii. Business/technical Goal: To reduce hotline calls by 5% over the next 2 years
iv. Political Goal: To increase the number of women and minorities in high management
positions by 15% in the next 3 years.
2) Define Goal and Policy
A goal can be described as
(i)
a statement of intent
(ii)
a statement of an accomplishment that an individual or an org wants to achieve.
A Policy can be defined as a high-level statement of principle or course of action that is
used to govern a set of activities in an org.
3) Define Plan.
A plan is a document that provides a framework or approach for achieving a set of goals.
3) Define Milestones.
Milestones are tangible events that are expected to occur at a certain time in the Projects
lifetime. Managers use them to determine project status.
4) Define a Work Breakdown Structure.(WBS)
A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a hierarchical or treelike representation of all the
tasks that are required to complete a project.
14)What are the Three critical groups in testing planning and test plan policy ?
Managers:
Task forces, policies, standards, planning Resource allocation, support for education and
training, Interact with users/Clients Developers/Testers
Apply Black box and White box methods, test at all levels, Assst with test planning,
Participate in task forces.
Users/Clients
Test Manager
Test leader
Test Engineer
Junior Test Engineer.
Change control is a set of procedures to evaluate the need of change and apply the changes
requested by the user in a controlled manner.
7. What is Testing?
Testing is generally described as a group of procedures carried out to evaluate some aspect of a
piece of software.It used for revealing defect in software and to evaluate degree of quality.
8. Define Review.
Review is a group meeting whose purpose is to evaluate a software artifact or a set of
software artifacts.
9. What are the goals of Reviewers?
1) Identify problem components or components in the software artifact that need
improvement.
2) Identify components of the software artifact that donot need improvement.
3) Identify specific errors or defects in the software artifact.
4) Ensure that the artifact confirms to organizational standards.
10. What are the benefits of a Review program?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Inspections
WalkThroughs
Review Goals
Items being reviewed
Preconditions for the review.
Roles, Team size, participants.
Training requirements.
Review steps.
Time requirements