Essential University Physics, 3e (Wolfson)

Chapter 16 Temperature and Heat

16.1 Conceptual Questions
1) It is a well-known fact that water has a higher specific heat than iron. Now, consider equal
masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30
calories, is added to each one. Which statement is true?
A) They remain in thermal equilibrium.
B) They are no longer in thermal equilibrium; the iron is warmer.
C) They are no longer in thermal equilibrium; the water is warmer.
D) It is impossible to say without knowing the exact mass involved.
E) It is impossible to say without knowing the exact specific heats.
Answer: B
Var: 1

2) A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper;
the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat of aluminum is more than
double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater temperature change during the time
the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?
A) The copper experiences a greater temperature change.
B) The aluminum experiences a greater temperature change.
C) Neither; both objects experience the same magnitude temperature change.
D) It is impossible to tell without knowing the masses.
E) It is impossible to tell without knowing the volumes.
Answer: D
Var: 1

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3) An architect is interested in estimating the heat loss (in kcal/s) through a sheet of insulating
material as a function of the thickness of the sheet. Assuming fixed temperatures on the two
faces of the sheet, which one of the graphs in the figure best represents the rate of heat transfer as
a function of the thickness of the insulating sheet?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
Answer: C
Var: 1

16.2 Problems
1) (a) Internal human body temperature is often stated to be normal at 98.6F. What is this
temperature on the Celsius and Kelvin scales?
(b) Gallium boils at 2205C. What is the corresponding temperature in the Fahrenheit and Kelvin
scales?
(c) The boiling point of liquid nitrogen is 77.0 K. What is the corresponding temperature in the
Fahrenheit and Celsius scales?
Answer: (a) 37.0C, 310 K (b) 4001F, 2478 K (c) -321F, -196C
Var: 1

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2) It is necessary to determine the specific heat of an unknown object. The mass of the object is
measured to be 199.0 g. It is determined experimentally that it takes 16.0 J to raise the
temperature 10.0C. Find the specific heat of the object.
A) 8.04 J/kg K
B) 1600 J/kg K
C) 0.00120 J/kg K
D) 3.18 106 J/kg K
Answer: A
Var: 1

3) A 648-g empty iron kettle is put on a stove. How much heat. in joules. must it absorb to raise
its temperature from
to
(The specific heat for iron is 113 cal/kgC, 1 cal =
4.190 J)
A) 6740 J
B) 11,300 J
C) 1610 J
D) 16,100 J
Answer: A
Var: 50+

4) If we use 67 W of power to heat 148 g of water, how long will it take to raise the temperature
of the water from 15C to 25C? The specific heat of water is 4190 J/kgK.
A) 93 s
B) 5.3 s
C) 22 s
D) 114 h
Answer: A
Var: 1

5) A 905-g meteor impacts the earth at a speed of 1629 m/s. If all of its energy is entirely
converted to heat in the meteor, what will be the resulting temperature rise of the meteor,
assuming it does not melt? The specific heat for the meteor material is 472 J/kgK, which is
about the same as that of iron.
A) 2810C
B) 2,540,000C
C) 3.10C
D) 11,700C
Answer: A
Var: 1

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6) A person pours 330 g of water at 45C into an 855-g aluminum container with an initial
temperature of 10C. The specific heat of aluminum is 900 J/(kgK) and that of water is 4190 J/
(kgK). What is the final temperature of the system, assuming no heat is exchanged with the
surroundings?
A) 28C
B) 32C
C) 31C
D) 33C
E) 35C
Answer: B
Var: 5

7) A 400-g piece of metal at 120.0C is dropped into a cup containing 450 g of water at 15.0C.
The final temperature of the system is measured to be 40.0C. What is the specific heat of the
metal, assuming no heat is exchanged with the surroundings or the cup? The specific heat of
water is 4190 J/(kgK).
A) 1470 J/(kg K)
B) 2830 J/(kg K)
C) 3420 J/(kg K)
D) 3780 J/(kg K)
E) 4280 J/(kg K)
Answer: A
Var: 5

8) An 80-g aluminum calorimeter contains 380 g of water at an equilibrium temperature of

A
piece of metal, initially at
is added to the calorimeter. The final temperature at
equilibrium is 32C. Assume there is no external heat exchange. The specific heats of aluminum
and water are 910 J/kgK and 4190 J/kgK, respectively. The specific heat of the metal is closest
to
A) 520 J/kg K.
B) 480 J/kg K.
C) 390 J/kg K.
D) 350 J/kg K.
E) 560 J/kg K.
Answer: A
Var: 50+

9) A copper cylinder with a mass of 125 g and temperature of 345C is cooled by dropping it into
a glass beaker containing 565 g of water initially at 20.0C. The mass of the beaker is 50.0 g and
the specific heat of the glass is 840 J/kgK. What is the final equilibrium temperature of the
system, assuming the cooling takes place very quickly, so that no energy is lost to the air? The
specific heat of copper is 385 J/kgK and that of water is 4190 J/kgK.
Answer: 26.4C
Var: 1

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10) What is the steady state rate of heat flow through a pane of glass that is 40.0 cm by 30.0 cm
with a thickness of 4.00 mm when the outside temperature of the glass is -10.0C and its inside
temperature is 25.0C? The thermal conductivity of glass is 0.105 W/(mK), the specific heat of
glass is 0.180 cal/(gC), and 1 cal = 4.190 J.
A) 24.2 W
B) 3.81 W
C) 18.6 W
D) 47.3 W
E) 110 W
Answer: E
Var: 1

11) Under steady state conditions, a piece of wood 350 mm by 350 mm and 15 mm thick
conducts heat through its thickness and loses no appreciable heat through its well-insulated sides.
The rate of heat flow is measured to be 14.0 W when the temperature difference across its
thickness is 28 C. Determine the thermal conductivity of this wood.
A) 9.2 10-4 W/(mC)
B) 270 W/(mC)
C) 16 W/(mC)
D) 0.061 W/(mC)
E) 33 W/(mC)
Answer: D
Var: 1

12) A solid concrete wall 4.0 m by 2.4 m and 30 cm thick, with a thermal conductivity of 1.3 W/
(mK), separates a basement at 18C from the ground outside at 6C. Under steady state
conditions, how much heat flows through the wall in one hour?
A) 1.8 MJ
B) 1.8 kJ
C) 500 J
D) 5.0 MJ
E) 5.0 kJ
Answer: A
Var: 1

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13) Two metal rods, one silver and the other copper, are both attached to a steam chamber as
shown in the figure, with a temperature of 100C, at one end, and an ice water bath, with a
temperature of 0C, at the other. The rods are 5.0 cm long and have a square cross-section, 2.0
cm on a side. When steady state has been reached, how much heat flows through the two rods in
1.0 min? The thermal conductivity of silver is 417 W/(mK), and that of copper is 395 W/(mK).
No heat is exchanged between the rods and the surroundings, except at their ends.

A) 20 kJ
B) 39 kJ
C) 47 kJ
D) 49 kJ
E) 11 kJ
Answer: B
Var: 1

14) A heat conducting rod, 0.90 m long, is made of an aluminum section that is 0.10 m long, and
a copper section that is
long. Both sections have cross-sectional areas of
The
aluminum end is maintained at a temperature of
and the copper end is at
. The
thermal conductivity of aluminum is 205 W/mK and of copper is 385 W/mK. Steady state has
been reached, and no heat is lost through the well-insulated sides of the rod. The temperature of
the aluminum-copper junction in the rod is closest to
A) 61C.
B) 58C.
C) 56C.
D) 54C.
E) 52C.
Answer: A
Var: 50+

15) A heat conducting rod, 1.40 m long, is made of an aluminum section that is 0.50 m long and
a copper section that is
long. Both sections have cross-sectional areas of
The
aluminum end and the copper end are maintained at temperatures of
and
respectively. The thermal conductivity of aluminum is 205 W/mK of copper is 385 W/mK. The
rate at which heat is conducted in the rod is closest to
A) 20 W.
B) 18 W.
C) 23 W.
D) 25 W.
E) 28 W.
Answer: A
Var: 50+
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16) Some properties of glass are listed here.

Density:
2300 kg/m3
Specific heat:
840 J/kgC
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: 8.5 10-6 (C)-1
Thermal conductivity:
0.80 W/(mC)
A glass window pane is 2.7 m high, 2.4 m wide, and 2.0 mm thick. The temperature at the inner
surface of the glass is
and at the outer surface 4.0C. How much heat is lost each hour
through the window under steady state conditions?
A) 1.7 108 J
B) 1.7 105 J
C) 4.7 104 J
D) 4.7 101 J
E) 1.7 106 J
Answer: A
Var: 50+

17) A cylindrical bar that us well insulated around its sides connects hot and cold reservoirs and
conducts heat at a rate of 10.0 J/s under steady state conditions. If all of its linear dimensions
(diameter and length) are reduced by half, the rate at which it will now conduct heat between the
same reservoirs is closest to
A) 80.0 J/s.
B) 20.0 J/s.
C) 5.00 J/s.
D) 2.50 J/s.
E) 1.25 J/s.
Answer: C
Var: 1

18) A concrete wall of a cold storage room measures 3.0 m high, 5.0 m wide, and 20 cm thick.
The room temperature is maintained at -10C and the outside temperature is 20C The inside
wall is to be covered by a layer of wood in order to reduce the rate of heat loss through the wall
BY 90 percent. The thermal conductivities of concrete and wood are 0.80 W/mK and 0.040
W/mK, respectively. Under steady state conditions, the thickness of the layer of wood required
is closest to
A) 60 mm.
B) 70 mm.
C) 80 mm.
D) 90 mm.
E) 100 mm.
Answer: D
Var: 1

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19) The filament in a light bulb has a diameter of 0.050 mm and an emissivity of 1.0. The
temperature of the filament is 3000C. What should be the length of the filament so it will radiate
60 W of power? The Stefan-Boltzmann constant is 5.670 10-8 W/m2 K4.
A) 11 cm
B) 9.4 cm
C) 8.6 cm
D) 7.2 cm
E) 5.9 cm
Answer: E
Var: 1

20) A blacksmith is flattening a steel plate that measures 10 cm 15 cm 1 mm. He has heated
the plate to 900 K. If the emissivity of the plate is 0.75, what is the total rate at which it radiates
energy? The Stefan-Boltzmann constant is 5.670 10-8 W/m2 K4. Ignore any heat it receives
from the surroundings.
A) 360 W
B) 760 W
C) 790 W
D) 850 W
E) 880 W
Answer: D
Var: 1

21) Betelgeuse is a red supergiant star in the constellation Orion. It radiates heat at the rate of
2.70 1030 W and has a surface temperature of 3000 K. Assuming that it is a perfect emitter,
what is the radius of Betelgeuse? The Stefan-Boltzmann constant is 5.670 10-8 W/m2 K4.
A) 7.80 1010 m
B) 8.70 1010 m
C) 1.40 1011 m
D) 1.90 1011 m
E) 2.16 1011 m
Answer: E
Var: 1

22) A cube at 100.0C radiates heat at a rate of 80.0 J/s. If the length of each side is cut in half,
the rate at which it will now radiate is closest to
A) 56.6 J/s.
B) 40.0 J/s.
C) 28.3 J/s.
D) 20.0 J/s.
E) 10.0 J/s.
Answer: D
Var: 1

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23) A cube at 100C radiates heat at a rate of 80.0 J/s. If its surface temperature is increased to
200C, the rate at which it will now radiate is closest to
A) 160 J/s.
B) 207 J/s.
C) 320 J/s.
D) 640 J/s.
E) 1280 J/s.
Answer: B
Var: 1

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