International Journal of Mathematics and

Computer Applications Research (IJMCAR)

ISSN(P): 2249-6955; ISSN(E): 2249-8060
Vol. 5, Issue 5, Oct 2015, 5-10
TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

A NOTE ON LOCAL FUNCTION IN GENERALIZED IDEAL

TOPOLOGICAL SPACES
J. K. MAITRA, RAJESH TIWARI & V. TIWARI
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Rani Durgawati University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT
In this article, we have developed the theory of local function of a set in the context of generalized ideal
topological space. Further we have constructed some basic examples.

KEYWORDS: Generalized Topological Spaces, Generalized Ideal Topological Spaces, Local Function
1. INTRODUCTION
The concept of ideal in Topological spaces was introduced by Kuratowski [4] in 1930. The notion of generalized
topology was introduced by Csaszar [1] in 2002. Jancovic and Hamlett [3] have studied the concept of local function in
ideal topological spaces and obtained its significant properties. The concept of Ideal in generalized topological spaces is
defined by Maitra and Tripathi [5] in 2014. They have obtained important properties of local function in generalized ideal
topological spaces.

2. PRELIMINARIES
First we recall the definition of generalized topological space, g-open sets and g-closed sets.
Definition 2.1: [5] Let X be a non empty set and let
generalized topology on
,
If

be a family of subsets of

. Then

is said to be a

if following two conditions are satisfied viz,:

;
for

The pair ( ,

then

) is called a generalized topological space. The members of the family

are called -open sets

and their complements are called -closed sets.

From the above Definition 2.1 we observe that every topological space is a generalized topological space but the converse
is not true. We have following Example.
Example 2.1: Let

= { , , } and let

= , , { , }, { , } . Then

is a generalized topology but not a

topology on .
Definition 2.2: Let ( ,

) be a generalized topological space and

( ) and is defined to be the union of all !-open sets in

and is defined to be the Intersection of all !-closed sets in

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. Then

contained in . The

-interior of

-closure of

is denoted by

is denoted by "# ( )

containing .

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J. K. Maitra, Rajesh Tiwari & V. Tiwari

Remark: Since arbitrary union of !-open sets is a !-open set and arbitrary intersection of !-closed sets is a !( ) is a !-open set and "# ( ) is a !-closed set. Thus

closed sets, it follows that

contained in

( ) is the largest !-open set

and "# ( ) is the smallest !-closed set containing .

Proposition 2.1: Let ( ,

) be a generalized topological space and

. Then

( )= .

is a !-open set iff

is a !-closed set iff "# ( ) = .

Proof

Suppose A is !-open set in

follow that

( ) is the union of all !-open sets in

. Since

( ). As we know that

( ) = . Then by definition of

( ) , we have,

it

( ) = . Conversely, suppose

( ) is a !-open set. Thus

-interior of , we note that

contained in A and

is a !-open

set in .

Suppose

is !-closed set in . Since "# ( ) is the intersection of all !-closed sets in

and

"# ( ), we have, "# ( ) = . Conversely, suppose

it follow that "# ( ) . As we know that

"# ( ). Then by definition of

containing

-closure of , we note that "# ( ) is a !-closed set. Thus

is a !-closed set in

.
Theorem 2.1: Let ( ,
%

) be a generalized topological space and

containing $ intersects .
Proof: Let ( ,

) be a generalized topological space and

such that $ %. Then

there exists an element

% is a !-closed set and $

and

%, i.e.,

%. As "# ( ) , we must have

containing $ intersects

) is a g-open set disjoint from . From hypothesis $

containing

and so $ "# ( ).

Theorem 2.2: Let ( ,

open set %

. Suppose $ "# ( ) and % is a !-open set in

%. This means

%. Thus % intersects .

Conversely suppose that each !-open set %

Then

. Then $ "# ( ) iff each !-open set

. Let F be a !-closed set containing A.

), i.e., $ ). Thus $ belongs to each !-closed set

) be a generalized topological space and

. Then $

( ) iff there exists a !-

such that $ % .

Proof: Let ( ,

) be a generalized topological space and

union of all !-open sets contained in , there exists a !-open set %

Conversely suppose that $

( ). Thus $

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such that $ % . Since

( ) is a

( ) is the

( ).

, , be a generalized ideal topological space and

% for each g-open set % containing $} is called local function of

( ). Since

such that $ % .

and there exists a !-open set %

largest !-open set contained in , we have %

Definition 2.3: [5] Let + ,

. Suppose $

. The set

) = {$ :

with respect to Ideal and generalized topology

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A Note on Local Function in Generalized Ideal Topological Spaces

on .

Example

2.2:

Let

= , { }, { }, { , } be ideal on . Then + ,
each subsets of

= , , { , }, { , }

= { , , },

be

generalized

topology

on

and

, , is a generalized ideal topological space. We see that local function of

are as follows:

Proposition 2.2: [5] Let ( ,

, ) be a generalized ideal topological space and , 0 be subsets of .

We have verified above properties by following examples:

Example 2.3: Let

= { , , } be the generalized ideal topological space with respect to generalized topology

= , , { , }, { , } and ideal

= , { } on

. Let us consider

0 = . We see that property (i) holds in Proposition 2.2.

Example 2.4: Let

= { } and 0 = { , }. Then

= { } and

= { , , , 1} be the generalized ideal topological space with respect to generalized topology

= , , { , , 1}, { , } and ideal

= {, { }, { }, { , }} on X. Let us consider

= { } and 0 = {1}. Then we have

) be a generalized topological space and

be two ideals on. . If

= { }, 0 = { , 1} and ( 0) = . We see that property (ii) holds in Proposition 2.2.

Proposition 2.3: [5] Let ( ,

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3, 4

then

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J. K. Maitra, Rajesh Tiwari & V. Tiwari

4)

3 ).

In the following example we have verified the above result.

= { , , } be the generalized topological space with respect to generalized topology

Example 2.5: Let

= , , { , }, { , } . Let us consider ideals

3)

and

4)

= , { } and

= . Thus we see that Proposition 2.2 holds.

= {, { }, { }, { , }} on X. For set

= {b}, we have

3. SIGNIFICANT RESULTS OF LOCAL FUNCTION IN GENERALIZED IDEAL TOPOLOGICAL

SPACE
In this section we have observed significant properties of local function in generalized ideal topological spaces.
We have also constructed some important examples.
, ) be a generalized ideal topological space. If = ( ), then

Theorem 3.1: Let ( ,

of .

Proof: Suppose $

implies $

. Hence

and % is a !-open set in

= .

In above Example 2.1, we see that

= .
Theorem 3.2: Let ( ,
Proof: Let ( ,

= . Let %

is g-neighborhood of $. Now by definition of

Hence = .
8).
)

(8)

8).

Remark: In the above Theorem 3.3

, %

iff

. Therefore

. This

and % is a g-open set

= .

, such that $ %. This means U

= % . Thus each non-empty g-open set in

8 from Proposition 2.2,

Proof: Since
(

and % . Then there exits $

,%

be a generalized topological space and , 8 be two ideals on set

Theorem 3.3: Let

of

= . Suppose $

= %. Since % , it follow that % . Thus $

= , for each subset A

. In the following result we get a necessary and sufficient condition for

, ) be a generalized ideal topological space and

Conversely suppose

containing $. Then for each subset

, ) be a generalized ideal topological space. Then

such that $ %. Then %

in

(8)

8). Similarly

(8)

. Then

can not lie in .

(8)

8). Hence we have

8) in general, we have following example.

= { , , , 1} be the generalized topological space with respect to generalized topology

Example 3.1: Let

= , , { , , }, { , , 1}, { , 1} . Let us take ideals = {, { }, { }, { , }} and 8 = {, { }, {1}, { , 1}} on X. Consider

set

= { , }. We have

) = { },

Proposition 3.1: Let ( ,

Proof: Let

possible assume that $

and $

(8)

= { , } and

8) = . Thus we see that

, ) be a generalized ideal topological space and

. Suppose ) is a g-closed set in ( ,

), then ( ))

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( ))

, ) and

. Then

(8)

"#

8).

( ).

). Then ( )) ( ). If

( )

which is a contradiction.

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A Note on Local Function in Generalized Ideal Topological Spaces

Hence $ ( )) ie. $ ). Thus $ belongs to each closed set containing A, ie. $ "# ( ). Hence
Corollary 3.1: Let ( ,
Proof: Let ( ,
$ intersects

, ) be a generalized ideal topological space and let

, i.e. %

"# ( ), we have

, ) be a generalized ideal topological space. If = then

. Hence $

Corollary 3.2: Let ( ,

= "# ( ).

. If $ "# ( ) then each g-nbd % of

. Thus we find that "# ( )

. Since from above result

, ) be a generalized ideal topological space and let

be g-closed subset of . Then

is a !-closed set, we have "# ( ) = . This implies,

"# ( ). Since

.
= { , , , 1} be the generalized ideal topological space with respect to generalized topology

Example 3.2: Let

"# ( ).

= "# ( ).

Proof: From Proposition 3.1

= , , { , , 1}, { , } and ideal

.

then

Corollary 3.3: Let ( ,

"# ( ). As

= { }. Then we have

, ) be a generalized ideal topological space and let

= .

Proof: Let ( ,

= , { } on X. Consider set

, ) be a generalized ideal topological space and

is a g-closed set, we have

= "# ( ). This means

= .

= . Thus we see that

be g-closed subset of . If = {}

. Since

= {} by Corollary 3.1,

In the following example we observe that neither a set is contained in its local function nor a local function of set
is contained in the set.
= { , , } be the ideal topological space with respect to topology

Example 3.3: Let

and ideal = , { } on X. Suppose

nor

= { , }. Then we have

Proof: Since
Proposition 3.1,

, , be a generalized ideal topological space and

is a !-closed set in ( ,

"# ( ). This implies "# (

Example 3.4: Let

is contained in

= { , 1} and "# ( ) = . Thus we see that

( )=

, where

"#

= "# (

= "# (

;"# ( )< = "# ( ). Thus "# (

"# ( ).

). Further from

"# ( ).

= "# (

"# ( ).

= { , }. Then we have

, we associate the subset denoted as "#

= { , 1},

( ) of , and is defined

is local function of set A.

Proposition 3.2: Let + ,

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, ) (Proposition 2.1), we have ,

= {, { }, { }, { , }} on X. Suppose

In generalized ideal topological space for

. Then

= { , , , 1} be the generalized ideal topological space with respect to generalized topology

= , , { , }, { , }, { , , } and ideal

as "#

= { , }. Thus we see that neither

is contained in .
Theorem 3.4: Let + ,

"# (

= , , { }, { }, { , }

, , be a generalized ideal topological space and

.Then "#

( ) "# ( ).

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10

"#

J. K. Maitra, Rajesh Tiwari & V. Tiwari

Proof: Since "#

( )=

and

"# ( ), it follows that

#( )

"# ( ) = "# ( ). Thus

( ) "# ( ).
Proposition 3.3: Let + ,

, , be a generalized ideal topological space and

. If

= {} then "#

( )=

"# ( ).
Proof: Since "# ( ) =
"#

, from Corollary 3.1, we have "# ( ) =

"# ( ) = "# ( ). Thus

( ) = "# ( ).
Example 3.5: Let

= { , , , 1} be the ideal topological space with respect to topology

and ideal = {} on . Suppose

see that "# ( ) = "#

= { , }. Then we have

= { , }, "# (

= , , { , }, { , 1}

= { , } and "# ( ) = { , }. Thus we

( ).

REFERENCES
1.

Csaszar, A., (2002), Generalized topology, generalized continuity, Acta Math. Hungar., 96, 351-357.

2.

Hatir, E. and Noiri, T., (2002), On decomposition of continuity via Idealization, Acta Math. Hungar, 96 (4), 341349.

3.

Jankovic, D. and Hamlet, T. R., (Apr. 1990), New Topologies from old via Ideals, The American Mathematical
Monthly. Vol. 97. No. 4, pp. 295-310.

4.

Kuratowski, (1933), K., Topologie I, Warszawa.

5.

Maitra, J. K. and Tripathi, H. K., (2014), Local function in Generalized Ideal Topological Spaces, VISLESANA,
11(1), 191-195.

6.

Samuels, P., (1975), A topology formed from a given topology and ideal, J. London Math. Soc., 10, 409-416.

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