Calculation Vortex

CALCULATION
FREE VORTEX
Orifice diameter = 24 mm
Distance from bridge to water surface, a = 205 mm
Diamete
r
Measure
Pitot
Pressure Velocity,
at d height, tube
head
head,
depth of (mm/s)
(mm)
differenc
pitot
H tube,
(mm)
69
115
r2
/ V
center, D h (mm)
es,
r (mm)
1
r2
(mm)
10
10
442.94
34.5
1190.2
0.000840
62
110
10
15
442.94
31.0
961.00
0.001041
57
100
10
25
442.94
28.5
812.25
0.001231
Note: X(mm) = profile measuring gauge whole length (330mm) - h - a
pressure head against 1/r2

30
25
f(x) = 38255.21x - 23.02
20
pressure head 15
10
5
0
1/r2
Gradient of the graph = 38255 mm2
K2
38255mm 2
2g
Therefore, K = 27396.41mm2/sec
V (2 gH ) 0.5
K 27396.41
794.10
r
34.5
V (2 gH ) 0.5
mm/sec
=442.94 mm/sec
K 27396.41
883.76
r
31.0
V (2 gH ) 0.5
=442.94 mm/sec
mm/sec
=442.94 mm/sec
K 27396.41
961.28
r
28.5
mm/sec
As a result;
r (mm)
Calculated
Velocity Velocity
(mm/sec)
(mm/sec)
794.10
442.94
31.0
883.76
442.94
28.5
961.28
442.94
34.5
velocity against radius

1200
1000
800
velocity 600
400
200
0
34.5
31
28.5
radius
calculated velocity
velocity
Diamete
r
Measure
Pitot
Pressure Velocity,
at d height, tube
head
head,
depth of (mm/s)
(mm)
differenc
pitot
H tube,
(mm)
(mm)
r2
1
r2
/ V
center, D h (mm)
es,
r (mm)
45
95
396.18
22.5
506.25
0.001975
40
91
10
442.94
20
400.00
0.002500
38
90
370.59
19
361.00
0.002770

12
10
8
pressure head
f(x) = - 567.03x + 9.7
6
4
2
0
1/r2
Gradient of the graph = -567.03 mm2
K2
567.03mm 2
2g
V (2 gH ) 0.5
K 3335.44
148.24
r
22.5
V (2 gH ) 0.5
=396.18 mm/sec
=442.94 mm/sec
K 3335.44
166.77
r
20
V (2 gH ) 0.5
mm/sec
mm/sec
=370.59 mm/sec
K 3335.44
175.50
r
19
mm/sec
As a result;
r (mm)
Calculated
Velocity Velocity
(mm/sec)
(mm/sec)
22.5
148.24
396.18
20
166.77
442.94
19
175.50
370.59

700
600
500
400
velocity 300
200
100
0
22.5
20
19
radius
calculated velocity
velocity
Diamete
r
Measure
Pitot
Pressure Velocity,
at d height, tube
head
/ V
center, D h (mm)
head,
depth of (mm/s)
(mm)
differenc
pitot
es,
H tube,
r (mm)
r2
1
r2
(mm)
(mm)
39
120
313.21
19.5
380.25
0.002630
30
110
15
242.61
15.0
225.00
0.00444
25
105
20
343.10
12.5
156.25
0.00640
Note: X(mm) = profile measuring gauge whole length (330mm) - h a

7
6
5
f(x) = 281.64x + 3.4
pressure head 3
2
1
0
1/r2
Gradient of the graph = 281.64 mm2
K2
281.64mm 2
2g
V (2 gH ) 0.5
=313.21 mm/sec
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
K 2350.82
120.55
r
19.5
V (2 gH ) 0.5
=242.61 mm/sec
K 2350.82
156.72
r
15
V (2 gH ) 0.5
mm/sec
mm/sec
=343.10 mm/sec
K 2350.82
188.10
r
12.5
mm/sec
As a result;
r (mm)
Calculated
Velocity Velocity
(mm/sec)
(mm/sec)
19.5
120.55
313.21
15.0
156.72
242.61
12.5
188.10
343.10

400
300
velocity 200
100
0
19.5
15
12.5
radius
velocity
calculated velocity
Diamete
r
Measure
Pitot
Pressure Velocity,
at d height, tube
head
head,
depth of (mm/s)
(mm)
differenc
pitot
H tube,
(mm)
(mm)
r2
1
r2
/ V
center, D h (mm)
es,
r (mm)
26
75
15
280.14
13
169
0.005917
22
70
20
343.10
11
121
0.008246
20
60
30
242.6
10
100
0.010000

7
6
5
f(x) = - 182.4x + 5.8
pressure head
3
2
1
0
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
1/r2
Gradient of the graph = -182.4 mm2
K2
182.4mm 2
2g
V (2 gH ) 0.5
K 1891.74
145.52
r
13
V (2 gH ) 0.5
=280.14 mm/sec
=343.10 mm/sec
K 1891.74
171.98
r
11
V (2 gH ) 0.5
mm/sec
mm/sec
=242.6 mm/sec
K 1891.74
189.17
r
10
mm/sec
As a result;
r (mm)
Calculated
Velocity Velocity
(mm/sec)
(mm/sec)
13
145.52
280.14
11
171.98
343.10
10
189.17
242.6

400
300
velocity 200
100
0
13
11
10
radius
velocity
calculated velocity
Forced Vortex
Distance
From Center (mm)
h0
(mm)
First Reading
Second
Reading
Third
Reading
83
85
83
30
85
110
87
70
94
117
90
110
96
125
100
No.
of
revolution in 60 sec
30
32
34
Angular
velocity (rad/sec)
3.142
3.35
3.561
For the first volumetric flow rate :

Number of revolutions in 60 seconds: 30
2 revolution
60
2(3.142)x3 0
60
h=
h=
h=
w2 2
h0
r
2g
w2 2
h0
r
2g
w2 2
h0
r
2g
83
=
83
=
83
=
(3.142) 2
(30) 2
2(9810)
(3.142) 2
(70) 2
2(9810)
(3.142) 2
(110) 2
2(9810)
=3.142 rad/sec
= 83.45 (calculated)
= 85.47
= 89.10
height from top of measuring gauge to bridge against distance from centre
100
95
90
85
80
75
20
40
60
H
80
100
120
H calculated
Graph for first trial
For the second volumetric flow rate :

2 revolution
60
2(3.142)x3 2
60
h=
h=
h=
w2 2
h0
r
2g
w2 2
h0
r
2g
w2 2
h0
r
2g
85
=
(3.35) 2
85
(70) 2
2(9810)
85
=
(3.35) 2
(30) 2
2(9810)
(3.35) 2
(110) 2
2(9810)
=3.35 rad/sec
= 85.51
= 87.80
= 91.92
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
30
70
110
H calculated
Graph of second trial
For the third volumetric flow rate :

2 revolution
60
2(3.142)x3 4
60
h=
h=
h=
w2 2
h0
r
2g
w2 2
h0
r
2g
w2 2
h0
r
2g
83
=
(3.56) 2
83
(70) 2
2(9810)
83
=
(3.56) 2
(30) 2
2(9810)
(3.56) 2
(110) 2
2(9810)
=3.56 rad/sec
= 83.58(calculated)
= 86.17
= 90.81
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
H
80
H calculated
Graph for third trial
100
120

Calculation Vortex

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CALCULATION

Note: X(mm) = profile measuring gauge whole length (330mm) - h - a

pressure head against 1/r2

Gradient of the graph = 38255 mm2

velocity against radius

Note: X(mm) = profile measuring gauge whole length (330mm) - h - a

pressure head against 1/r2

f(x) = - 567.03x + 9.7

Gradient of the graph = -567.03 mm2

velocity against radius

Note: X(mm) = profile measuring gauge whole length (330mm) - h a

pressure head against 1/r2

f(x) = 281.64x + 3.4

Gradient of the graph = 281.64 mm2

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

velocity against radius

Note: X(mm) = profile measuring gauge whole length (330mm) - h - a

pressure head against 1/r2

Gradient of the graph = -182.4 mm2

velocity against radius

For the first volumetric flow rate :

Graph for first trial

For the second volumetric flow rate :

Graph of second trial

For the third volumetric flow rate :

Graph for third trial

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