Purdue, Doing Their Part

Team2Tech
Bret Benjamin
Joe Blombach
Andrew Bradley
Parker Houck
Thaddeus Pairitz

19 March 2010

ENGL 421 – White Paper Project

F. Tobienne, Instructor
Executive Summary
Going Green Illinois, and University of Michigan have begun
to implement the immediate energy savers –
Driven by rising energy costs, dwindling building modifications, heating/cooling
resources, and environmental effects, going reduction, and efficient lighting.
‘green’ is the current trend in the world of
technology. For the last several centuries, Purdue and Sustainability
technological growth has been pushed to its
From its very beginning, Purdue
limits time and time again in an effort to create
University has been on the path towards
bigger and better machines at any cost.
sustainability. Purdue built its first power plant
However, as more and more technological
in 1904 as part of the University’s goal to create
advances are made and more energy-consuming
its own power. Over 100 years later, with an
buildings and machines are created, the energy
expanding campus and clean energy regulations
and financial cost of maintaining and using this
and modifications added to the plant, the Wade
technology continues to grow closer to a limit of
power plant is still able to provide most of the
what its owners can provide. As a result, many
heating, cooling, and electricity the university
organizations and individuals have decided that
requires. On the opposite side of the race to
the new technology they will research and
provide more power to the university is the
create will be aimed at making the operation of
other challenge the University is facing: reducing
current technology more sustainable. At the
the current energy consumption. Purdue has
core of sustainability efforts is the reduction in
found several ways of achieving this, from
energy consumption and efficiency
modifying existing campus buildings to swapping
improvements in current buildings and
out of current computers, lights and heaters for
technologies, with the secondary goal of
more efficient ones. Likewise, policies have been
reducing environmental impact. As large
created to control when computing devices are
consumers of energy with the means to do
powered on in all the campuses. Likewise, all of
extensive research on the subject, Universities
the Universities have created recycling programs
have multiple motives for creating their own
to try to reduce waste.
sustainability efforts.

Green Efforts across Big Ten Purdue Research – NaTeF

While Purdue may be a user of some of

‘Going green’ is becoming an important
part of the future of all universities, including the
Big Ten. Like Purdue, the rest of the Big Ten can
see the cost and ecological benefits on reducing
energy consumption and conserving resources.
Like Purdue, Michigan State, University of
the latest green technologies, they also make
significant contributions to the research of new
technology. A leading example of a technology
being created at Purdue would be the United
States Air Force funded National Testing Facility
for Fuels and Propulsion, or NaTeF. The primary

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goal of NaTeF is to produce a new fuel type and
engine that will be a low to zero carbon
replacement for the Jet-A fuel that is consumed
by modern jets. Started in October of 2009 and
still being in its early stages, the team of four
Sustainability
Sustainable systems cover many different
topics from drinking water to transportation.
There are three main parts to a sustainable
system; Social, Environment and Economic. The
social portion deals with things like population
growth, and demand. The environment portion
deals with the impacted the overall system will
have on the environment such as it “carbon
footprint.” The economic portion of the system
looks at the resources that it will take to keep
the system going.
professors and five graduate students behind
the first phase of NaTeF has created most of
their testing environment and has prepared
most of their purchase plans for the project.
Wade Utility Plant was able to keep up with
demand.
The Purdue power plant has taken a look
at the environmental effects that the coal was
having on the environment. With the additions
of new pollution regulations and new look one
effects of pollution caused by burning coal Wade
power plant is burning Clean Coal, making it one
of the most clean and environmentally friendly
coal plants in Indiana. Clean Coal is a very good
step toward reaching a sustainable system at
Purdue.

History
Since the founding of Purdue in May of
1869, Purdue has made much advancement in
trying to become an energy sustainable campus.
In the interest of fulfilling the social and
economical portions of a sustainable system the
Purdue’s power plant was completed in 1904.
The power plant provided power for the
campus, as well as heating for the cooler
mouths. The only thing that was missing from
the system was the environmental potion, being
a coal plant with no set pollution laws the
Purdue power plant was a dirty and harmful
addition to the environment in the Lafayette
area. Even with the environmental short
comings Purdue’s power plant was doing pretty
good, however the speedy expansion of the
campus and greater energy consumption of the
campus and town began to be more that the
power plant could handle. To combat this more
boilers were added and for a bit longer the

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Now
Today the Wade power plant provides
heating, cooling, and electric for much of the
campus. According to the Purdue’s utility
website the power plant can provide enough
power for the entire campus, which would meet
all three criteria for a sustainable system,
however this is only somewhat true. According
to Utilities Operations Manager, Jay Schwartz,
“The Purdue power plan does not produce
enough energy to supply the entire campus
under full load.” At full load Purdue’s campus
pulls 47 megawatts of power and with the three
coal boilers, the gas/oil boiler and the backup
turbine generator running the Wade power
plant can produce about 40 megawatts. Not only
can the power plant no longer power Purdue the
majority of the time only 3 of the 4 boilers are
running. To make up for this lack of energy
Purdue buys power form Duke Energy. During
low energy demand from Purdue the Wade
power plant can sell the excess power that is
generated to Duke Energy. Ideally producing
enough power to put back on the grid is what
you want, because Purdue doesn’t have to pay
for extra power and can sell some back making
money and reducing the strain on Duke Energy’s
generators. By producing more the system
would satisfy the social portion of the
sustainable system. As it stands now the Wade
power plant uses approximately 181,000 tons of
coal at a cost of $8.1 million each year. With this
and the fact that Purdue still has to buy power at
peak demand times it is no longer meeting the
economical portions of a sustainable system.
Being Done
There has been a major push across
Purdue’s campus for “greener power solutions”,
and a reduction in power consumption.
Throughout the compass, different solutions
have been put in place to meet the different
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energy challenges. Several buildings around
campus have implemented different methods to
help them consume less power and impact the
environment in a positive way. Schleman Hall
has a “Green Roof” in order to reduce the
heating and cooling bill for the building. For
those of you that don’t know what a “Green
Roof” is it simply a roof with a vegetation habitat
on it, such as grass, shrubs, soil, and in some
cases small trees. The way that a “Green Goof”
reduces heating and cooling is simply due to the
vegetation isolating the roof in the winter and
keeping the roof at a much cooler state during
the summer. Knoy Hall has solar power system
on top of its roof, producing power and
therefore reducing the overall load that Knoy
has on the power grid. And in some of the
buildings the lights are being replaced with LED
banks which use only a fraction of the power the
incandescent ones do.
Simple Solutions
Even with all of the different things being
done to all of the new and old buildings around
Purdue it’s not enough to make a sustainable
system. There are several simple solutions that
can be done to help reduce the energy
consumption of Purdue. Much of the energy that
it uses is used to posses, cleaning, and teat the
water that is used on campus. There is also a lot
of moving it from one place to the next until it all
goes to the water treatment plant and put back
into the Wabash. There are “Gray Water
Systems” that would help reduce the cost of the
water in money as well as energy. There is no
need to have drinkable water to flush the “Crap”
down the drain or to water the plants around
Purdue. How a “Gray Water System” works is
that it takes “Gray Water”, this is the water from
the washer and sometimes shower, and uses it
to flush toilets and water plants. With the
sprinkler system that Purdue uses watering the
plants with this water would not be
recommended. Another system is known as
“Green Buildings.” In a green building system the
buildings are designed to integrate as much as it
can and still be a functional stretcher for
example, these building would have “green
roofs” when appropriate and windows that have
solar cells manufactured in them, as well as
“Gray water systems” for bathrooms, water
collection on the roof tops and, hydrogen
powered heating, cooling, and generators, which
can be used effectively to run a buildings energy
system.
Long- Term Solution
in demand comes the need for bigger and
heavier aircraft. With this, comes the need for
more powerful and fuel hungry jet engines. As
the much of the world’s developed countries
look to make the earth a greener place, great
focus has been put on developing greener
aircraft engines that run on more efficient fuels.
At the corporate level, it is beginning to make
better business sense to obtain more sustainable
fuels. As the price of oil rises, many business
models begin to break down. If a modern day
company that deals heavily in aviation wants to
survive, they must look at ways to obtain more
efficient aircraft.

After all of these things are implemented there

is still the constant growth of Purdue and the
surrounding city which will need more and more
power. This is why Nuclear Power must be part
of a sustainable system. If you think that Nuclear
power is not a green solution then that just
means you don’t know enough about nuclear
power. Purdue researchers have already begun
to test a new nuclear power plant design. One of In the winter of 2005, in the yearly long-
the biggest obstacles to overcome for a Nuclear range forecast of U.S. airline activity, the FAA
plant is the cost, which president Obama has projected a 47.3% increase in the number of
helped my having “guaranteed loans” for mainline aircraft in the U.S. passenger fleet
Nuclear power plants. Having a Nuclear power between 2005 and 2020. This is a 3% average
plant would eliminate the need to buy power annual growth. Cargo aircraft were projected to
from Duke Energy and produce enough energy have a similar growth of 48.1% between those
with just one reactor to run Lafayette and West same years. These numbers do not include the
Lafayette by itself, making it a sustainable power increase in military aircraft. With air superiority
system. type aircraft such as the F-16 becoming cheaper
and cheaper, smaller countries will be able to
Growth in Aviation purchase them with greater ease. Even in non
war time situations, flight training and practice
The worldwide aviation industry is
missions are a daily routine. These burn through
growing at a rate that is unmatched by any other
fuel at an incredible rate.
transportation industry. Airplanes are moving
anything from people and packages, to food and While the increase in the use of jet fuel is
bombs. The world’s militaries along with the one significant problem, it is nowhere near the
world’s civilian populations have an ever problem per flight hour as the use of general
increasing need for the ease and speed of travel aviation fuel. For years pure lead has been
that only aircraft can provide. With this increase added to aviation gasoline to increase the

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octane rating of the fuel. Almost all FAA
certified general aviation engines flying today
require an octane rating of at least 98 to operate
at altitude at their rated horsepower. 100 low
lead, or fuel that contains lead to increase the
octane number to 100, is the fuel that meets this
requirement for these types of aircraft.
Currently there is no alternative.
In 2006, the organization Friends of the
Earth petitioned the environmental protection
agency to propose new emissions regulations on
leaded fuels used for general aviation piston
engines to the federal aviation administration.
According to studies done by the EPA and the
National Emissions Inventory, leaded fuel used
for general aviation aircraft accounted for over
half of the gross tonnage of lead in the
atmosphere’s annual emission inventory. This
equates to about 653 tons of lead emissions.
The Friends of the Earth organization cited that
the EPA had earlier proclaimed the maximum
safe lead contend in a child’s blood was about 10
mcg/dL. Their belief was that no level of lead is
safe for humans, and that the release of lead
into the atmosphere by the burning of 100 low
lead was unacceptable.
Now the problem becomes, if almost all
of the general aviation piston engine aircraft in
existence need 100 octane fuel to operate, what
do you replace 100 low lead fuel with. In a
recent interview with David Stanley, Professor in
the Aviation Technology department at Purdue
University, it was stated that “the removal of
tetraethyl lead from aviation grade gasoline will
reduce the octane level from over 100 to the low
90s. This reduction will cause hot spots on the
aircraft engines due to predetonation of the fuel
mixture.” This means that fuel with this lower
octane rating will actually ignite prematurely
causing damage to the engine, and possibly the
loss of the engine completely. Currently, it is
impossible to raise the octane of standard
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gasoline without the use of lead. The only
alternative is to use 82 unleaded automotive
fuel. This fuel has been approved by the FAA for
use in aircraft, but it requires the use of low
performance engines. This is unacceptable to
most general aviation pilots and in most cases
unfeasible for larger piston engine planes.
With the ever increasing size of
commercial planes, the incredible performance
of military aircraft, and the stricter regulations
on lead additives to general aviation fuels, it is
becoming very clear the need for alternative jet
and piston engine fuels. Universities around the
world are scrambling for grant money from the
government to conduct research on more
efficient and less toxic fuels. Airlines and original
equipment manufacturers are more focused
than ever on providing and using fuel efficient
engines, not just to be environmentally friendly,
but in many cases, to save their companies
millions of dollars.
Aviation Technology Department
With an ever growing aircraft fleet there has
been an ever growing need for a replacement to
the oil based Jet-A powering modern turbine
aircraft. Today’s fleet of aircraft are consuming
millions of gallons of oil based Jet-A on a daily
basis. The aviation community has set short-
term, midterm, and long-term goals to resolve
these issues of an oil addiction. Aircraft research
and development programs have concluded in
order to meet the need of Jet-A for turbine
aircraft today there are plans to use synthetic
fuel to supplement the current Jet-A supply as a
short-term solution, 5 to 10 years. As for a
midterm goal, 10 to 50 years, research and
development are looking to meet these
demands with a blend of bio-fuels and synthetic
jet fuel. And to meet the long-term needs a new
engine needs to be designed that will produce
low to zero carbon emissions, while running on
an alternate fuel.
Purdue University, in particular the Aviation
Technology Department, is playing a large role in
the development of a synthetic alternate fuel
and testing these new fuels. The Aeronautical
Engineering Technology program was given an
initiative fund of $1.36 million from the United
States Air Force. The grant is to be used to
upgrade and expand critical research capabilities
for fuels development. Aeronautical Engineering
Technology has established a team of five
graduate students, and four professors to head
the first phase of the program. The program has
taken on the title National Test Facility for Fuels
and Propulsion (NaTeF) and has laid out the
following goals to be met in the first phase of
the project according the Prof. David Stanley,
one of the four sponsoring professors.
Design and installation of a data
acquisition system for the North test cell
where an F-109 turbofan engine rated at
approximately 1300 lbs. thrust is
installed.
Purchase and installation of exhaust
equipment in the same test cell,
including instrumentation which will
allow the study of very small particulate
matter emissions.
Materials testing equipment installed in
Room 207, which will enable study of the
impact of fuels on materials.
Calibration and proof operations of all
the above equipment.
Development of test protocol for this
equipment, appropriate for application in
both an academic and a research
environment.
Facilities work, including electrical service
and compressed air, as required to make
the above equipment operational.
Painting, patching, and installation of a
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door to expand the control room of the
test cell is anticipated.
The NaTeF project began on October 21, 2009
and has begun to meet the goals set out for the
program. With an interview with Prof. Stanley
he explained the current state of the program
was as follows.
Much of the Materials Laboratory
equipment has been received and
installed,
The electrical service is being extended
and connected.
The old test cell equipment has been
removed to allow installation of the new
and painting and patch work is
underway.
Overall test cell design and set up is
underway
Data acquisition equipment has been
purchased and received.
The location for the data acquisition has
been determined, enabling the purchase
of the wiring and related components
that will extend from the system to the
engine for each of the 64 or more data
channels.
Specification work continues for the
exhaust emissions equipment, and those
purchases will begin very soon.
 Interview
Prof. David Stanley, Principle Investor of NaTeF
fuels research program.

Joe Blombach (JB): What are the different

phases of the NaTeF program and what do they
consist of?
Dave Stanley (DS): There are two phases of the
NaTeF program. Phase one consists of designing
and installing a data acquisition system for the F-
109 turbo-fan engine, installing exhaust
equipment to study gaseous emissions as well as
small particulate matter emissions up to 2.5nm.
Phase one will also consists of a calibration test
equipment, and development of test protocols
for testing equipment. Phase two will entail the
installation of a dynamometer to test engine
power output, an air conditioning unit to control
air pressure, temperature, and humidity.

JB: What is the goal of NaTeF?

DS: NaTeF’s goal is to provide testing facilities to
test synthetic and bio-fuels, in order to see the
applicability of the fuel. Also NaTeF is concerned
with both the gaseous and particulate emissions
of the fuel for both turbine and reciprocating
engines.

JB: How much of the money given to NaTef

program from the United States Air Force will go
towards understanding the environmental
effects of the fuels being tested?
DS: The studying of the emissions is a major part
of NaTeF. Approximately half of the money
spent on data collection equipment will be spent
on looking into the exhaust and their effect on
the environment.

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Big Ten University Comparison
After reading about the initiative of
Purdue to go green makes one wonder how
Purdue compares to other Big Ten Universities.
To compare Purdue’s methods of conserving
energy the method of Michigan State University,
University of Illinois, and University of Michigan
have been analyzed in regards to their process
to conserve energy. Budgets’ being slashed at
universities has made finding ways to save
money through the conservation of energy a
win-win solution for each school.
University of Illinois
The University of Illinois Urbana-
Champaign campus formed a committee
including student, faculty, and staff
representatives to form a now completed
campus energy policy. The Campus Energy
Conservation Advisory Committee is chaired by
the Vice Chancellor Don Wendel who seeks
opportunities to conserve energy. Saving
money is the main reason for the numerous
conservation measures which have been
initiated.
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According to Inside Illinois, hand-control
valves have been installed at radiators on the
second and third floor of Davenport Hall. By
having hand-control valves faculty and staff can
control the temperature. Inside of the energy
policy it states that when the areas are
unoccupied the valves can be manually
controlled to ensure energy conservation. Inside
Illinois also discussed that the central energy
management control system was updated. The
systems hardware and software were enhanced
to accommodate the installation of fan and
pump motor controls in the buildings on
campus. The update has given the university the
feature to track equipment performance and
provides trending data. The mail room was then
the next item on the list to be assessed of its
energy conservation. New thermostats were
installed in the Mail Center that will aid the
employees of the Mail Center’s energy
conservation efforts. Before the new
thermostats were installed the employees would
have to reduce the temperature manually at
night to save on energy costs and then they
would have to reset the temperature manually
throughout the working day. Inside Illinois
published a column which discussed that with
funds of the Energy 2000 program energy-
efficient air compressors were installed at
Newark Civil Engineering Lab and Veterinary
Medicine Basic Science Building. To confirm the
reduction of power usage and the financial
savings being accumulated the school is using
electric metering to monitor efforts.
The Campus Energy Conservation
Advisory Committee stated, “Abbot Power Plant
has the capability to burn fuel oil, gas or coal to
supply the campus with its energy needs. Coal is
currently the lowest-cost fuel. However, there is
significant energy costs involved in preserving a
clean air environment while burning coal.” This
statement displays a negative situation with a sixty-five degrees Fahrenheit throughout the
positive one, which brings you to the question of winter during the night, on weekends, and on
what is the cost of clean air? The committee holidays. In the summer the thermostat will be
continues on by saying, “Almost 6 million set at seventy-eight degrees Fahrenheit during
kilowatt hours per year are consumed by the the night, on weekends, and on holidays. Also,
plant’s scrubber and precipitators for emission within the departmental policies minimizing the
control. This amount of electrical consumption use of paper plates and cups will help in the act
is three times more than the annual electrical of recycling. The school has set up a place for
use at the Mechanical Engineering Building, four each department to obtain reusable dishwasher-
times more than at Davenport Hall and six times safe cups and plates. Another method the
more than at the English Building. University of Michigan has done to conserve
energy is shut down all machines in the
University of Illinois has also obtained departmental office which include items such as:
more efficient lighting what in route has led to printers, copiers, scanners, and all computers.
energy savings. The city of Champaign decided The only item that will not be shut down at night
to update the street lighting by replacing the will be the departments fax machine. The school
outdated mercury vapor street lighting with has set up a designated room to access printers
more energy efficient high-pressure sodium when the department’s equipment is down.
street lighting. Inside Illinois discussed that the
update of street lighting had an average energy There are certain energy saving
savings of forty percent and even with the equipment that can be costly, however; the
energy savings the city had a fifteen percent price of saving on energy at the University of
increase in illumination. Also, a ten percent Michigan is none in regards to the measures
decrease in energy use that has saved discussed prior. The University of Michigan said
approximately $7000.00 per year without a that approximately eighty percent of the cost of
decrease in illumination was all the result of energy on campus is used for heating and
replacing inefficient and outdated fluorescent cooling. They have found that while offices and
light-fixture ballasts with efficient electronic laboratories are occupied keeping the
ballasts. With even more light fixtures being thermostats set at sixty eight degrees in the
rebuilt and updated the lighting energy savings winter and seventy-five degrees in the summer
was reduced by fifty-five percent. The number will reduce cost. While the classrooms and
of lamps has been reduced by half and ballasts offices are unoccupied keeping the thermostat
have been reduced by eighty percent with an at sixty-five in the winter and seventy-eight
increase in lighting level. degrees in the summer will reduce the amount
of energy being used. Professors have also been
told to close the sash on their laboratory hood
when not in use and turn off the light in the
University of Michigan hood when not being used in order to limit the
Steps are being taken toward a greener hood from constantly running a wasting energy
way of life at the University of Michigan. At the for such reason.
University of Michigan departmental policies Recycling has become a more serious
have been put into place in order to conserve topic at the university resulting in a new
energy and recycle. The policy states that from recycling program campus wide. Paper and
this point forward the thermostat is to be set at

9
cardboard recycling is available in each buildingride-matching software to decrease the amount
now which reduces the amount of paper waste of emissions from vehicles and is promoting
drastically. Also, when printing documents the carpooling; the program is called Clean
school has adapted the printers to use two-sided Commute Options Program. Also, MSU had
printing. The university is encouraging using built a new recycling facility and has developed a
scrap paper for print drafts and other new compressive recycling program. These new
documents whenever possible. Sorted around features will allow the university to collect
campus now are beige trashcan with a recycling in every building on campus. David
“container recycling” sticker so that cans and Skole, MSU forestry professor stated, “We have
bottles can now be recycled rather than tossed an exciting opportunity to leverage the growing
into the waste basket. carbon financial market in the United States and
Europe to assist poor farmers in developing
The University of Michigan is also countries.” Helping these poor farmers will raise
promoting people to use the stairs rather than their standards of living and slow climate
elevators to save on energy costs. Also, hallway change.
double doors must remain closed to limit
heating and cooling costs. The school has also Michigan State University researchers did
publicized phone numbers to use to contact a study in China which concluded that people
certain maintenance employees to fix leaks are more likely to participate in going green
immediately; a running toilet can increases your initiatives if they know their neighbor is also
bill dramatically if you do not stay alert and participating. MSU has set their goals to reduce
aware of these items. energy use by 15%, reduce greenhouse gas
emissions by 15%, and reduce landfill waste by
30% by 2015. (MSU Environmental Stewardship)
Currently MSU is focusing on “Choose an R”
campaign where you chose to focus your
attention to reduce, recycle, reeducate,
redesign, and rethink, making it your personal
vision. MSU continues to develop new projects
with hopes it will end up saving energy and
money, however; not every projects leads to the
savings they hoped for. The double-sided
printing project did end up be cost effective and
environmentally friendlier. With double-sided
printing there is less waste in landfills and less
paper being purchased. MSU updated two of
Michigan State University their restrooms by taking out the paper towels
and adding blow-dryers instead. Also, when
“Be Spartan Green,” is the new catch MSU replaced the toilets and sink they replaced
phrase for students, faculty, and staff of them with automatic sensing items. Once the
Michigan State University. Michigan State has restrooms were completed students then did a
developed other forms of conserving energy that study to see what cost more and according MSU
the other two schools have not discussed or they discovered that more money was being
implemented. Michigan State has setup online spent on the automatic toilets and sinks rather

10
than the manual items which ended up to Conclusion
surprise people. The benefit of having the
automatic items is increased hygiene levels due While many universities have projects
to the toilets flushing after every use; whereas towards sustainability, it is obvious that through
the manual toilets did not get flushed after every personal goals and research that Purdue is a
use.
leader in green technology efforts. Spending
time to focus on green technology has brought
many benefits to the university, costs for using
and maintaining current infrastructure have
been dropping, and productive research has
enticed investors to give more grant money for
green technologies to the university. With
budget cuts being introduced and a poor
economic climate overhead, the financial
benefits of sustainability have never been more
valuable. With this kind of encouragement,
Purdue is likely to focus even more on ‘going
green’ in the future.

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 Annotated Bibliography
The over lying topic of our paper is green energy, including Purdue's involvement with aviation bio-
fuels, sustainable initiative that Purdue is using and what they could start using. And lastly what
other universities are doing compared to Purdue. The resources used to research these topics are
listed with a description of the data used from each.

Black & Gold & Green. 2009. Purdue University. 1 March 2010. <
http://www.purdue.edu/sustainability/index.html >.

Black & Gold & Green is the University’s promotional/informational web site for its current efforts
towards sustainable development. The site explains what changes Purdue is making to the campus
to make it cleaner, what programs have been implemented to encourage sustainability among staff
and students, and what future goals Purdue hopes to achieve. The website also lists contact and
meeting information of Purdue Sustainability council, as well as what they are doing to help the
university make green decisions. This site will be very helpful in explaining how the university is
currently “going green.”

Bond, David. "GREEN IS FOR GO." Aviation Week & Space Technology Vol. 167 .Issue 8 (2007): 52-
55.

This article is written for Aviation Week and Space Technology. The author is hypothesizing that the
growth in aviation in the next few decades will out way the advancements made by original
equipment manufacturers in fuel efficient aircraft. He discusses that the global economy is growing
so quickly that aviation will have to grow to keep up. The numbers that he uses to describe this
growth will be extremely useful in making a case for more efficient aviation fuels. The article is very
factual in nature and will serve as a reference for the white paper.

"Conserving Energy and $." Inside Illinois. University of Illinois, 17 Mar. 1994. Web. 9 Mar. 2010.
<http://news.illinois.edu/ii/94/03-17-94/energy.html>.

This magazine is published on a monthly basis by staff of the University of Illinois. The campus
conservation team would publish an article each month in it to let everyone know of what they have
accomplished in going green.

Dunlap, Paul. "Conserving Energy and Recycling in Kraus." Steps Toward a Greener EEB. University of
Michigan, 21 Apr. 2008. Web. 9 Mar. 2010.
<http://www.engin.umich.edu/search/conserving+energy&>.
This article discussed the guidelines of the departments within the University of Michigan. It
detailed potential cost and energy savings for the department by following the guidelines.
Discussed lighting, electronics, and temperature controlling that must be followed to move toward a
greener campus.

Corporan, Edwin, et al. "Alternate Fuels for Use in Commercial Aircraft." 18th ISABE Conference
(ISABE 2007). Beijing: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2007. 1-14.

This conference proceeding paper discusses the needs for a new Jet-A bio-fuel for turbine engines.
The author’s have offered insight into the near-term, midterm, and far-term goals set out by the
aviation community. The fuels that are being investigated need to not negatively affect engine
performance and limit environmentally harmful gasses, along with long-term engine design
changes. This information will be beneficial to see the comparisons between what the aviation
community is demanding and what Purdue University is doing to meet these requirements.

Harris, Richard. “The Climate Conundrum over Nuclear Energy.” December 11, 2009. NPR Web.
February 20, 2010. <http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=121309061>

This article is chosen to show a green solution to powering Purdue, and to put power back on the
grid. This story brings to mind the importance of Nuclear Energy in the “going green” process as well
as bringing to light the problems that some see with nuclear power. Mr. Harris does a particularly
good job of bringing your attention to how clean and how the government has “loan guarantees”
for nuclear plant developments. This could first replace Purdue’s dependence on Duke, and turn the
Wade Power Plant from a coal to a greener nuclear power plant.

MSU Environmental Stewardship. "Be Spartan Green." Environmental Stewardship on the Campus
of MSU. Michigan State University, 2010. Web. 28 Feb. 2010.
<http://www.bespartangreen.msu.edu/about/index.html>.

Michigan State University has started their going green initiative and has named their campaign “Be
Spartan Green.” Through this site there are links to projects that are completed and projects that
are ongoing by the university in their attempts to conserve energy. In route of conserving energy
Michigan State University is saving money and the environment. The information will be valuable
when composing the final paper because it displays exactly what the university is doing to conserve
energy and displays the results of already completed tasks. Projects date back to the fall of 2006
when they began their going green initiative and continue on until present time explaining their
efforts in detail.

Purdue University Discovery Park: Energy Center.2008. Purdue University. 1 March 2010. <
http://www.purdue.edu /dp/energy/ >.

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The Purdue University Discovery Park: Energy Center website is the collective website for all of the
start-up companies, research, and projects that are directly related to Discovery Park. While the
main purpose of the site is to provide contacts and opportunities for interested individuals, the
mini-sites for research and projects contain a considerable level of detail. The most important
information that the white paper will take away from this source are the listings and descriptions of
research being conducted by or at the university, and the impact that this research will have on the
planet, the market, and possibly on the university if it chooses to put the results from research into
action.

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